四川芦山2013年Ms7.0地震发震构造初步研究
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摘要
2013年4月20日8时2分,四川龙门山断裂带的雅安芦山发生Ms7.0级地震,震中位于芦山县太平镇和双石镇之间,震源深度13～14km,震中最大烈度达IX级。震中区野外调查发现,尽管房屋建筑损坏较严重,但这次地震没有产生明显的地表破裂构造,仅见少量的地裂缝和喷砂冒水现象。高分辨率遥感图像解译、主余震分布、震源机制解等综合分析认为,该地震是龙门山断裂带西南段一次独立的破裂事件,属于逆冲型地震,沿双石-大川断裂中南段发生破裂,主破裂面西倾,倾角33°～43°,推断芦山地震与龙门山构造带底部滑脱带(13～19km)断坡构造活动有关。历史上,沿双石-大川断裂发生至少2次Ms6～6.5级地震,由此认为芦山地震是龙门山断裂带西南段特征型地震,与汶川地震不同。原地地应力测量和监测数据表明这是汶川地震后龙门山断裂带西南段应力释放的结果。
On April 20 , 2013 , an earthquake with a magnitude of Ms7.0shocked the region of Lushan County , Ya'an City , west Sichuan.The epicenter is located in the zone between Shuangshi and Taiping Townships , with a focal depth of about 13～14km.The maximum intensity degree attained IX.Although severe destruction of buildings in the shocked area , field investigation did not find obvious co-seismic surface rupture , except a small quantity of grand fissures with sand liquidation.Integrate analysis of high resolution satellite images , main-and-after shock distribution and focal mechanism shows that this earthquake is an independent reverse faulting event possibly rupturing the southern segment of the Shuangshi-Dachuan fault , along the SW segment of the Longmenshan fault zone.We infer that the main shock may have occurred on a west-dipping ramp ( with dipping angle of 33°～43° ) of a sole décollement beneath the SW Longmenshan , a similar seismotectonic setting of the Wenchuan earthquake.Historically , there recorded at least two earthquakes with magnitude of Ms 6～6.5along the Shuangshi-Dachuan fault , together with the Lushan earthquake , they characterize the fault activity behavior of this fault zone.Insitu stress measurement results show that this earthquake resulted from the brutal release of accumulated crustal stress within the SW segment of the Longmenshan fault zone.
On April 20 , 2013 , an earthquake with a magnitude of Ms7.0shocked the region of Lushan County , Ya'an City , west Sichuan.The epicenter is located in the zone between Shuangshi and Taiping Townships , with a focal depth of about 13～14km.The maximum intensity degree attained IX.Although severe destruction of buildings in the shocked area , field investigation did not find obvious co-seismic surface rupture , except a small quantity of grand fissures with sand liquidation.Integrate analysis of high resolution satellite images , main-and-after shock distribution and focal mechanism shows that this earthquake is an independent reverse faulting event possibly rupturing the southern segment of the Shuangshi-Dachuan fault , along the SW segment of the Longmenshan fault zone.We infer that the main shock may have occurred on a west-dipping ramp ( with dipping angle of 33°～43° ) of a sole décollement beneath the SW Longmenshan , a similar seismotectonic setting of the Wenchuan earthquake.Historically , there recorded at least two earthquakes with magnitude of Ms 6～6.5along the Shuangshi-Dachuan fault , together with the Lushan earthquake , they characterize the fault activity behavior of this fault zone.Insitu stress measurement results show that this earthquake resulted from the brutal release of accumulated crustal stress within the SW segment of the Longmenshan fault zone.
引文
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蒋明先.2009.龙门山地震带的大震系列—关于四川汶川8.0级大震的预报探讨。防灾科技学院学报,11(1):133～135.
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周荣军,李勇,Densmore A L,Ellis M A,何玉林,王凤林,黎小刚.2006.青藏高原东缘活动构造.矿物岩石,26(2):40～51.
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Deng Qidong,Zhang Peizhen,Ran Yongkang,Yang Xiaoping,MinWei,Chu Quanzhi.2003.Basic characteristics of activetectonics of China.Science in China(Series D),46(4):356～372.
Densmore A L,Ellis,M A,Li Y,Zhou R,Hancock G S,Richardson N.2007.Active tectonics of the Beichuan andPengguan faults at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau,Tectonics,26(4):1～17.
Dong Shuwen,Zhang Yueqiao,Wu Zhenhan,Yang Nong,MaYinsheng,Shi Wei,Chen Zhengle,Long Changxing,AnMeijian.2008.Surface ruptures and co-seismic displacementproduced by the Ms8Wenchuan earthquake on12th May,2008,Sichuan,China:eastward growth of Qinghai-TibetPlateau.Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition),82(5):938～948.
Godard V,Pik R,LavéJ,Cattin R,Tibari B,de Sigoyer J,Pubellier M,Zhu J.2009.Late Cenozoic evolution of thecentral Longmen Shan(Eastern Tibet),insight from(U–Th)/He thermochronometry.Tectonics28.doi:10.1029/2008TC002407.
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Dong Jia,Li Yiquan,Lin Aiming,Wang Maomao,Chen Wei,WuXiaojun,Ren Zhikun,Zhao Yao,Luo Liang.2010.Structural model of2008Mw7.9Wenchuan earthquake in the rejuvenatedLongmen Shan thrust belt,China.Tectonophysics,491:174～184.
Jia Qiupeng,Jia Dong,Luo Liang,Chen Zhuxin,Li Yiquan,DengFei,Sun Shengsi,Li Haibin.2009.Three-dimensionalEvolutionary Models of the Qiongxi Structures,SouthwesternSichuan Basin,China:Evidence from Seismic Interpretation andGeomorphology.Acta Geologica Sinica,83(2):372～385.
Kirby E,Reiners P W,Krol M A,Whipple K X,Hodges K V,Farley K A,Tang W Q,Chen Z L.2002.Late Cenozoicevolution of the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau:inferences from40Ar/39Ar and(U-Th)/Hethermochronology.Tectonics,21(1):1～19.
Li Chuanyou,Zheng Wenjun,Wang Weitao.2011.Trenchingexposures of the surface rupture of2008Mw7.9Wenchuanearthquake,China:Implications for coseismic deformation andpaleoseismology along the Central Longmen Shan thrust fault.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2011,40:825–843.
Li Yiquan,Jia Dong,John H.Shaw,Judith Hubbard,Lin Aiming,Wang Maomao,Luo Liang.2010.Structural interpretation ofthe co-seismic faults of the Wenchuan earthquake:3Dmodelingof the Longmen Shan fold-and-thrust belt.Journal ofGeophysical Reasearch,115,B04317,doi:10.1029/2009JB006824.
Meng Q R,Hu J M,Wang E.2006.Late Cenozoic denudation bylarge magnitude landslides in the eastern edge of TibetanPlateau.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,243:252～267.
Ran Yongkang,Chen Lichun,Chen Jie,Wang Hu,Chen Guihua,Yin Jinhui,Shi Xiang,Li Chenxia,Xu Xiwei.2010.Paleoseismic evidence and repeat time of large earthquakes atthree sites along the Longmenshan fault zone.Tectonophysics,491:141～153.
Robert A,Pubellier M,de Sigoyer J,Vergne J,Lahfid A,CattinR,Findling N,Zhu J.2010.Structural and thermal charactersof the Longmen Shan(Sichuan,China).Tectonophysics,491:165～173.
Wallis S,Tsuijimori T,Aoya M,Kawakami T,Terada K,SuzukiK,Hyodo H.2003.Cenozoic and Mesozoic metamorphism inthe Longmen Shan orogen:implications for geodynamicalmodels of eastern Tibet.Geology,31,745～748.
Wu Manlu,Zhang Yueqiao,Liao Chunting,Chen Qunce,MaYinsheng,Wu Jinsheng,Yan Junfeng,Qu Mingyi.2009.Preliminary results of in-situ stress measurements along theLongmenshan fault belt after the Wenchuan Ms8.0earthquake.Acta Geologica Sinica,83(4):746～753.
Xu Xiwei,Wen Xueze,Yu Cuihua,Chen Guihua,Klinger Y,Hubbard J,Shaw J.2009.Coseismic reverse-and oblique-slipsurface faulting generated by the2008Mw7.9Wenchuanearthquake,China.Geology,37(6):515～518.
Xu Zhiqin,Ji Shaocheng,Li Haibing,Hou Liwei,Fu Xiaofang,CaiZhihui.2008.Uplift of the Longmen Shan range and theWenchuan earthquake.Episodes,31(3):291～301.
Zhang Jisheng,Gao Rui,Zeng Lingsen,Li Qiusheng,Guan Ye,HeRizheng,Wang Haiyan,Lu Zhanwu.2010.Relationshipbetween characteristics of gravity and magnetic anomalies andthe earthquakes in the Longmenshan range and adjacent areas.Tectonophysics,491:218～229.
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邓起东,陈桂华,朱艾斓.2011.关于2008年汶川Ms8.0地震震源断裂破裂机制几个问题的讨论。中国科学:地球科学,41(11):1559～1576.
邓起东,高翔,陈桂华,杨虎.2010.青藏高原昆仑-汶川地震系列与巴彦喀喇断块的最新活动.地学前缘,17(5):163～178.
董绍鹏,韩竹军,尹金辉,李峰,安艳芬.2008.龙门山山前大邑断裂活动时代与最新构造变形样式初步研究。地震地质,30(4):996～1003.
费琪.2009.壳慢物质流变的底辟作用孕育大地震—卫星重力资料的证据.地学前缘,16(3):282～193.
蒋明先.2009.龙门山地震带的大震系列—关于四川汶川8.0级大震的预报探讨。防灾科技学院学报,11(1):133～135.
李海兵,司家亮,裴军令,付小方,王宗秀,李宁,侯立玮,吴富峣,潘家伟.2010a.汶川地震(Ms8.0)地表破裂过程探讨。第四纪研究,30(4):677～698.
李海兵,司家亮,付小方,邱祝礼,李宁,Van der Woerd J,裴军令,王宗秀,侯立玮,吴富峣.2010b.2008年汶川地震同震滑移特征、最大滑移量及构造意义.第四纪研究,30(4):387～402.
李海兵,付小方,Van Der Woerd J,司家亮,王宗秀,侯立玮,邱祝礼,李宁,吴富峣,许志琴,Tapponnier P.2008.汶川地震(Ms8.0)地表破裂及其同震右旋斜向逆冲作用.地质学报,82(12):1623～1643
李勇,徐共达,周荣军,Densmore A L,Ellis M A.2005.龙门山均衡重力异常及其对青藏高原东莞山脉地壳隆升的约束.地质通报,24(12):1162～1168.
刘静,张智慧,文力,孙杰,邢秀臣,胡古月,许强,Tapponnier P,曾令森,丁林,刘延乐.2008.汶川8级大地震破裂的特殊性及构造意义—多条平行断裂同时活动的反活动的反序型逆冲地震事件.地质学报,82(12):1707～1722.
滕吉文,白登海,杨辉,闫亚芬,张洪双,张永谦,阮小敏.2008.2008汶川Ms8.0地震发生的深层过程和动力学响应.地球物理学报,51(5):1385～1402.
许志琴,索书田,韩郁菁,傅小方,黄明华.1992.中国松潘-甘孜造山带的造山过程.北京:地质出版社,1～190.
杨农,张岳桥.2010.龙门山断裂活动和川西高原隆升历史的裂变径迹测年.地质力学学报,16(4):359～371.
张培震,郑德文,尹功明,袁道阳,张广良,李传友,王志才.2006.有关青藏高原东北缘晚新生代扩展与隆升的讨论.第四纪研究,26(1):5～13.
张岳桥,李海龙.龙门山断裂带西南段晚第四纪活动性调查与分析.2010.第四纪研究,30(4):699～710.
周荣军,李勇,Densmore A L,Ellis M A,何玉林,王凤林,黎小刚.2006.青藏高原东缘活动构造.矿物岩石,26(2):40～51.
Arne D,Worley B,Wilson Ch,Chen S F,Foster D,Luo Z L,Liu SG,Dirks P.1997.Differential exhumation in response to episodicthrusting along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.Tectonophysics,280:239～256.
Burchfiel B C,Chen Z,Liu Y,Royden L H.1995.Tectonics of theLongmen Shan and adjacent regions,central China,International Geological Review,37(8),661～735.
Burchfiel B C,Royden L H,Vander Hilst R D,Hager B H,ChenZ,King R W,Li C,Hao L J,,Kirby E.2008.A geologicaland geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of12May2008,Sichuan,People’s Republic of China.GSA Today,18(7):4～11.
Chen S F,Wilson C J L,Deng Q D,Zhao X L,Luo Z L.1994.Active faulting and block movement associated with largeearthquakes in the Minshan and Longmen Mountains,northeastern Tibetan plateau.Journal of Geophysical Research,99:24025～24038.
Deng Qidong,Zhang Peizhen,Ran Yongkang,Yang Xiaoping,MinWei,Chu Quanzhi.2003.Basic characteristics of activetectonics of China.Science in China(Series D),46(4):356～372.
Densmore A L,Ellis,M A,Li Y,Zhou R,Hancock G S,Richardson N.2007.Active tectonics of the Beichuan andPengguan faults at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau,Tectonics,26(4):1～17.
Dong Shuwen,Zhang Yueqiao,Wu Zhenhan,Yang Nong,MaYinsheng,Shi Wei,Chen Zhengle,Long Changxing,AnMeijian.2008.Surface ruptures and co-seismic displacementproduced by the Ms8Wenchuan earthquake on12th May,2008,Sichuan,China:eastward growth of Qinghai-TibetPlateau.Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition),82(5):938～948.
Godard V,Pik R,LavéJ,Cattin R,Tibari B,de Sigoyer J,Pubellier M,Zhu J.2009.Late Cenozoic evolution of thecentral Longmen Shan(Eastern Tibet),insight from(U–Th)/He thermochronometry.Tectonics28.doi:10.1029/2008TC002407.
Hubbard J,Shaw J H.2009.Uplift of Longmenshan and TibetanPlateau,and the2008Wenchuan(M=7.9)earthquake.Nature,458:194～197.
Jia D,Wei G Q,Chen Z X,Li B L,Zen Q,Yang G.2006.Longmen Shan fold-thrust belt and its relation to the westernSichuan Basin in central China:New insights from hydrocarbonexploration,AAPG Bulletin,90,1425～1447.
Dong Jia,Li Yiquan,Lin Aiming,Wang Maomao,Chen Wei,WuXiaojun,Ren Zhikun,Zhao Yao,Luo Liang.2010.Structural model of2008Mw7.9Wenchuan earthquake in the rejuvenatedLongmen Shan thrust belt,China.Tectonophysics,491:174～184.
Jia Qiupeng,Jia Dong,Luo Liang,Chen Zhuxin,Li Yiquan,DengFei,Sun Shengsi,Li Haibin.2009.Three-dimensionalEvolutionary Models of the Qiongxi Structures,SouthwesternSichuan Basin,China:Evidence from Seismic Interpretation andGeomorphology.Acta Geologica Sinica,83(2):372～385.
Kirby E,Reiners P W,Krol M A,Whipple K X,Hodges K V,Farley K A,Tang W Q,Chen Z L.2002.Late Cenozoicevolution of the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau:inferences from40Ar/39Ar and(U-Th)/Hethermochronology.Tectonics,21(1):1～19.
Li Chuanyou,Zheng Wenjun,Wang Weitao.2011.Trenchingexposures of the surface rupture of2008Mw7.9Wenchuanearthquake,China:Implications for coseismic deformation andpaleoseismology along the Central Longmen Shan thrust fault.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2011,40:825–843.
Li Yiquan,Jia Dong,John H.Shaw,Judith Hubbard,Lin Aiming,Wang Maomao,Luo Liang.2010.Structural interpretation ofthe co-seismic faults of the Wenchuan earthquake:3Dmodelingof the Longmen Shan fold-and-thrust belt.Journal ofGeophysical Reasearch,115,B04317,doi:10.1029/2009JB006824.
Meng Q R,Hu J M,Wang E.2006.Late Cenozoic denudation bylarge magnitude landslides in the eastern edge of TibetanPlateau.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,243:252～267.
Ran Yongkang,Chen Lichun,Chen Jie,Wang Hu,Chen Guihua,Yin Jinhui,Shi Xiang,Li Chenxia,Xu Xiwei.2010.Paleoseismic evidence and repeat time of large earthquakes atthree sites along the Longmenshan fault zone.Tectonophysics,491:141～153.
Robert A,Pubellier M,de Sigoyer J,Vergne J,Lahfid A,CattinR,Findling N,Zhu J.2010.Structural and thermal charactersof the Longmen Shan(Sichuan,China).Tectonophysics,491:165～173.
Wallis S,Tsuijimori T,Aoya M,Kawakami T,Terada K,SuzukiK,Hyodo H.2003.Cenozoic and Mesozoic metamorphism inthe Longmen Shan orogen:implications for geodynamicalmodels of eastern Tibet.Geology,31,745～748.
Wu Manlu,Zhang Yueqiao,Liao Chunting,Chen Qunce,MaYinsheng,Wu Jinsheng,Yan Junfeng,Qu Mingyi.2009.Preliminary results of in-situ stress measurements along theLongmenshan fault belt after the Wenchuan Ms8.0earthquake.Acta Geologica Sinica,83(4):746～753.
Xu Xiwei,Wen Xueze,Yu Cuihua,Chen Guihua,Klinger Y,Hubbard J,Shaw J.2009.Coseismic reverse-and oblique-slipsurface faulting generated by the2008Mw7.9Wenchuanearthquake,China.Geology,37(6):515～518.
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