深层砂泥岩薄互层的地震识别方法
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摘要
深层砂泥岩薄互层油气藏是一类典型的低孔、低渗型油气藏,储层一般具有埋藏深、横向变化快、深层物性差的特点。利用常规的薄层定量描述方法只能识别地层厚度不小于λ/4的孤立薄层,很难实现精细解释。为此,采用正-反演联合预测技术,通过建立符合地下实际情况的的地球物理模型,从正演角度分析目的层的地震波场特征;同时对正演结果进行模型反演,定量分析反演砂体的横向及纵向展布特征。结果表明这种基于模型正演的地震识别方法既能够发挥地震资料在地层横向展布上的优势,又能够提高纵向上的解释精度,为识别前梨园地区深层砂、泥岩互层结构的隐蔽性储层提供参考。
The deep interbeds of sand and shale reservoir is a kind of typical low porosity and low permeability reservoir,which generally has the characteristics of deep burial, rapid lateral variation, and deep physical difference,etc. The traditional thin layer quantitative description method can only identify the stratigraphic whose thickness is less than λ /4,and it's difficult to realize fine interpretation. Therefore,the paper firstly uses inversion joint prediction techniques to establish geological models for wave equation forward,and then analysis the target layer's characteristics of seismic wave field from the forward angle. Finally,we apply wave impedance inversion that is based on forward modeling results to make quantitative analysis for inversion sand's horizontal and vertical distribution characteristics. The results show that the seismic identification method which is based on forward model can not only unleash the advantages of seismic horizontal distribution,but also improve the accuracy of interpretation in the vertical direction. And the results can provide references for identifying deep thin sand shale interbedding reservoirs in Qianliyuan area.
The deep interbeds of sand and shale reservoir is a kind of typical low porosity and low permeability reservoir,which generally has the characteristics of deep burial, rapid lateral variation, and deep physical difference,etc. The traditional thin layer quantitative description method can only identify the stratigraphic whose thickness is less than λ /4,and it's difficult to realize fine interpretation. Therefore,the paper firstly uses inversion joint prediction techniques to establish geological models for wave equation forward,and then analysis the target layer's characteristics of seismic wave field from the forward angle. Finally,we apply wave impedance inversion that is based on forward modeling results to make quantitative analysis for inversion sand's horizontal and vertical distribution characteristics. The results show that the seismic identification method which is based on forward model can not only unleash the advantages of seismic horizontal distribution,but also improve the accuracy of interpretation in the vertical direction. And the results can provide references for identifying deep thin sand shale interbedding reservoirs in Qianliyuan area.
引文
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[16]邓帅奇.全空间弹性波场数值模拟与逆时偏移成像方法研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2012.
[17]牟永光,裴正林.三维复杂介质地震数值模拟[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006:14-33.
[18]李宗杰.正演模拟验证叠前弹性阻抗反演在碳酸盐储层预测中的应用[J].石油物探,2013,52(3):323-328.LI Zongjie.The application of forward-modeling-verified prestack elastic inversion in the prediction of carbonate reservoir[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2013,52(3):323-328.
[19]盛俭,万鲁河,温智虹,等.长白山天池火山泥石流数值模拟[J].重庆大学学报,2013,36(2):85-90.SHENG Jian,WAN Luhe,WEN Zhihong,et al.Numerical simulation of lahar in Changbai Mountain region[J].Journal of Chongqing University,2013,36(2):85-90.
[20]李国发,王艳仓,熊金良,等.地震波阻抗反演实验分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(45):868-872.LI Guofa,WANG Yancang,XIONG Jinliang,et al.Experimental analysis on seismic impedance inversion[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(45):868-872.
[2]Widess M.How thin is a thin bed?[J].Geophysics,1973,38(6):1176-1180.
[3]宋新武,郑浚茂,范兴燕,等.基于Ricker子波匹配追踪算法在薄互层砂体储层预测中的应用[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2011,41(1):387-392.SONG Xinwu,ZHENG Junmao,FAN Xingyan,et al.Application of the thin-interbedded reservoir prediction based on Ricker wavelet match tracing algorithm[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2011,41(1):387-392.
[4]Kallweit R,Wood L.The limits of resolution of zero-phase wavelets[J].Geophysics,1982,47(7):1035-1046.
[5]Zeng H,Backus M.Interpretive advantages of 90°phase wavelets:Part 1:Seiamic applications[J].Geophysis,2005,70(3):C7-C15.
[6]Zeng H,Backus M.Interpretive advantages of 90°phase wavelets:Part 2:Seiamic applications[J].Geophysis,2005,70(3):C17-C24.
[7]卢异,吴雪松,石倩茹,等.薄互层地震响应及分频技术的适用性分析[J].天然气地球科学,2010,21(4):660-665.LU Yi,WU Xuesong,SHI Qianru,et al.Applicability of seismic response to thin-interbed and acceptable condition of spectral decomposition[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2010,21(4):660-665.
[8]Coggins J.Thinner than expected?Don’t blame the seismic[J].The Leading Edge,2011,30(8):858-860.
[9]黄文锋,姚逢昌,李宏兵.薄互层调谐规律研究与净厚度估算[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(4):584-591.HUANG Wenfeng,YAO Fengchang,LI Hongbing.Regularities of tuning effects of thin interbedded layers and their net thickness determination[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(4):584-591.
[10]徐伟慕,郭平,胡天跃.薄互层调谐与分辨率分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(5):750-757.XU Weimu,GUO Ping,HU Tianyue.Thin interbed tuning and resolution analysis[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2013,48(5):750-757.
[11]Zeng H.How thin is a thin bed?An alternative perspective[J].The Leading Edge,2009,28(10):1192-1197.
[12]何建军,刘家铎,鲁新便,等.基于模型正演的地震属性分析技术识别和划分碳酸盐岩储层缝洞单元[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(4):472-477.HE Jianjun,LIU Jiaduo,LU Xinbian,et al.Recognition and delimitation of fracture and cave units of carbonate reservoir by using seismic attributes analytic technique based on forward model[J].OGP,2009,44(4):472-477.
[13]黄诚,杨飞,李鹏飞.利用正演模拟识别各类地震假象[J].工程地球物理学报,2013,10(4):493-496.HUANG Cheng,YANG Fei,LI Pengfei.The use of forward modeling to identify various seismic illusions[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2013,10(4):493-496.
[14]高红灿,郑荣才,陈发亮,等.渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷古近系沙河街组层序地层[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(6):839-850.GAO Hongcan,ZHENG Rongcai,CHEN Faliang,et al.Sequence stratigraphy of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in Dongpu Sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2011,32(6):839-850.
[15]赵良金,杨广林,王瑞飞,等.东濮凹陷裂缝性砂岩油气藏主控因素及成藏模式[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(2):196-202.ZHAO Liangjin,YANG Guanglin,WANG Ruifei,et al.Key controlling factors and reservoir-forming model of the fractured sandstone reservoirs in Dongpu Sag[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(2):196-202.
[16]邓帅奇.全空间弹性波场数值模拟与逆时偏移成像方法研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2012.
[17]牟永光,裴正林.三维复杂介质地震数值模拟[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006:14-33.
[18]李宗杰.正演模拟验证叠前弹性阻抗反演在碳酸盐储层预测中的应用[J].石油物探,2013,52(3):323-328.LI Zongjie.The application of forward-modeling-verified prestack elastic inversion in the prediction of carbonate reservoir[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2013,52(3):323-328.
[19]盛俭,万鲁河,温智虹,等.长白山天池火山泥石流数值模拟[J].重庆大学学报,2013,36(2):85-90.SHENG Jian,WAN Luhe,WEN Zhihong,et al.Numerical simulation of lahar in Changbai Mountain region[J].Journal of Chongqing University,2013,36(2):85-90.
[20]李国发,王艳仓,熊金良,等.地震波阻抗反演实验分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(45):868-872.LI Guofa,WANG Yancang,XIONG Jinliang,et al.Experimental analysis on seismic impedance inversion[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(45):868-872.
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