无井条件下建立碎屑岩储层地震地质模型研究
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摘要
常规的储层建模以井数据为基础,建立孔隙度、渗透率和含油饱和度等储层属性参数模型,并通过油田开发生产数据进行拟合,得到最佳地质模型.在南海西北部深水区无井控制的情况下,针对中央峡谷浊积水道储层,采用确定性建模与连续型随机建模相结合的方法,建立碎屑岩储层地震地质模型,应用地震正演模拟和相似性分析方法,确定浊积水道砂体最佳模拟参数.文章首先分析了碎屑岩储层特征,应用连续型随机建模的方法模拟储层空间分布.然后分析实际地震、地质资料,应用层序地层学思想,对研究区划分沉积体系域,建立层序地层格架;基于波阻抗和多种地震属性,采用人机交互的方法对浊积水道储层框架结构进行精细解释,建立储层结构模型;将储层结构模型与砂泥互层随机介质进行"交"、"并"运算,利用连续型随机模拟方法对储层内部介质进行精细刻画,建立中央峡谷浊积水道随机介质储层模型;通过对模型正演模拟、常规处理和相似性分析等建立最佳储层模型.文章研究了在无井条件下建立储层地震地质模型的方法,揭示南海西北部深水区中央峡谷浊积水道储层的空间展布和内部结构特征.
Conventional reservoir modeling methods are based on the well data; the model contains the porosity, permeability and oil saturation et al. The optimal reservoir model is obtained by using history matching method with the production data. Under no well condition, the paper uses the seismic forward modeling and similarity analysis to build the optimal turbidite channel reservoir model in the center canyon in the deepwater area of northwestern South China Sea. The clastic reservoir seismic geological model is built by the deterministic modeling and continuous stochastic modeling methods. First, the paper analyzes the characteristics of clastic reservoirs, and uses the continuous stochastic modeling method to simulate the reservoir distribution in space. And then, the paper analyzes the seismic data and geological data. The stratum architecture model is obtained by sequence stratigraphy interpretation. On the basis of the stratum architecture model, the reservoir architecture model is established by using the fine interpretation of human-computer interaction method and combining with the seismic data analysis, such as wave impedance analysis and conventional seismic attributes analysis. The paper uses the algorithms of ‘replacement’ and ‘merge’ on reservoir architecture model and stochastic medium of sand and shale interbed to establish the turbidite channel reservoir architecture. The stochastic modeling method can effectively depict the fine architecture of the reservoir. The paper uses forward modeling, conventional seismic data processing analysis and similarity analysis et al. to obtain the ideal reservoir model. The research focuses on constructing reservoir seismic geologic model method under no well condition, reveals the spatial distribution and internal architecture features of turbidite channel reservoir in the center canyon in the deepwater area of northwestern South China Sea.
Conventional reservoir modeling methods are based on the well data; the model contains the porosity, permeability and oil saturation et al. The optimal reservoir model is obtained by using history matching method with the production data. Under no well condition, the paper uses the seismic forward modeling and similarity analysis to build the optimal turbidite channel reservoir model in the center canyon in the deepwater area of northwestern South China Sea. The clastic reservoir seismic geological model is built by the deterministic modeling and continuous stochastic modeling methods. First, the paper analyzes the characteristics of clastic reservoirs, and uses the continuous stochastic modeling method to simulate the reservoir distribution in space. And then, the paper analyzes the seismic data and geological data. The stratum architecture model is obtained by sequence stratigraphy interpretation. On the basis of the stratum architecture model, the reservoir architecture model is established by using the fine interpretation of human-computer interaction method and combining with the seismic data analysis, such as wave impedance analysis and conventional seismic attributes analysis. The paper uses the algorithms of ‘replacement’ and ‘merge’ on reservoir architecture model and stochastic medium of sand and shale interbed to establish the turbidite channel reservoir architecture. The stochastic modeling method can effectively depict the fine architecture of the reservoir. The paper uses forward modeling, conventional seismic data processing analysis and similarity analysis et al. to obtain the ideal reservoir model. The research focuses on constructing reservoir seismic geologic model method under no well condition, reveals the spatial distribution and internal architecture features of turbidite channel reservoir in the center canyon in the deepwater area of northwestern South China Sea.
引文
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[14]Birch F.The velocity of compressional waves in rocks to 10kilobars:2.J.Geophys.Res.,1961,66(7):2199-2224.
[15]吴胜和,岳大力,刘建民等.地下古河道储层构型的层次建模研究.中国科学D辑,2008,38(增刊Ⅰ):111-121.Wu S H,Yue D L,Liu J M,et al.The hierarchical modelingstudy of underground paleochannel reservoir architecture.Science in China(Series D:Earth Sciences)(in Chinese),2008,38(SupplementⅠ):111-121.
[16]尹艳树,吴胜和,张昌民等.基于储层骨架的多点地质统计学方法.中国科学D辑,2008,38(增刊Ⅱ):157-164.Yin Y S,Wu S H,Zhang C M,et al.The Multiple-pointgeostatistics method based on the reservoir framework.Science in China(Series D:Earth Sciences)(in Chinese),2008,38(SupplementⅡ):157-164.
[17]李少华,张昌民,王振奇等.三角洲前缘砂体骨架的随机模拟.石油勘探与开发,2004,31(1):67-69.Li S H,Zhang C M,Wang Z Q,et al.Stochastic modeling ofsand framework of deltaic front.Petroleum Exploration andDevelopment(in Chinese),2004,31(1):67-69.
[18]吕晓光,张学文,刘合年等.综合运用地震反演及测井资料建立单砂体骨架模型.石油学报,2007,28(6):82-86.LüX G,Zhang X W,Liu H N,et al.Development of single-channel sandbody framework model by integrating seismicinversion and well data.Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),2007,28(6):82-86.
[19]徐安娜,董月霞,韩大匡等.地震、测井和地质综合一体化油藏描述与评价——以南堡1号构造东营组一段油藏为例.石油勘探与开发,2009,36(5):541-551.Xu A N,Dong Y X,Han D K,et al.Integrated descriptionand evaluation of reservoirs based on seismic,logging andgeological data:taking Dongying formation member 1 oilreservoir of No.1 structure,Nanpu Sag as an example.Petroleum Exploration and Development(in Chinese),2009,36(5):541-551.
[20]吴键,李凡华.三维地质建模与地震反演结合预测含油单砂体.石油勘探与开发,2009,36(5):623-627.Wu J,Li F H.Prediction of oil-bearing single sandbody by3D geological modeling combined with seismic inversion.Petroleum Exploration and Development(in Chinese),2009,36(5):623-627.
[21]任殿星,李凡华,李保柱.多条件约束油藏地质建模技术.石油勘探与开发,2008,35(2):205-214.Ren D X,Li F H,Li B Z.Geomodeling technology undermultifactor control.Petroleum Exploration and Development(in Chinese),2008,35(2):205-214.
[22]解习农,陈志宏,孙志鹏等.南海西北陆缘深水沉积体系内部构成特征.地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2012,37(4):627-634.Xie X N,Chen Z H,Sun Z P,et al.Depositionalarchitecture characteristics of deepwater depositional systemson the continental margins of northwestern South China Sea.Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences(in Chinese),2012,37(4):627-634.
[23]桂志先,贺振华,黄德济.两种类型裂隙介质的弹性常数分析.物探化探计算技术,2000,22(2):117-119.Gui Z X,He Z H,Huang D J.The elastic constants analysisof the media with different fracture.Computing Techniquesfor Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),2000,22(2):117-119.
[24]Crampin F S.Effective anisotropic elastic constants for wavepropagation through cracked solids.Geophys.J.Int.,1984,76(1):135-145.
[25]Hudson J A.Wave speeds and attenuation of elastic waves inmaterial containing cracks.Geophys.J.Int.,1981,64(1):133-150.
[26]Hudson J A.Overall elastic properties of isotropic materialswith arbitrary distribution of circular cracks.Geophys.J.Int.,1990,102(2):465-469.
[27]Morlet J,Arens G,Fourgeau E,et al.Wave propagationand sampling theory-Part II:Sampling theory and complexwaves.Geophysics,1982,47(2):222-236.
[28]赵迎月,顾汉明,李宗杰等.塔中地区奥陶系典型地质体地震识别模式.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2010,40(6):1262-1270.Zhao Y Y,Gu H M,Li Z J,et al.The Seismic Wave FieldRecognition Mode of Typical Geological Bodies in theOrdovician in Tazhong Area.Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition)(in Chinese),2010,40(6):1262-1270.
[2]Journel A G,Stanford U.Geostatistics for reservoircharacterization.SPE,1990:353-358,doi:10.2118/20750-MS.
[3]Ikelle L,Yung S K,Daube F.2-D random media withellipsoidal autocorrelation functions.Geophysics,1993,58(9):1359-1372.
[4]Korn M.Seismic waves in random media.J.AppliedGeophys.,1993,29(3-4):247-269.
[5]Ergintav S,Canitez N.Modeling of multi-scale media indiscrete form.Journal of Seismic Exploration,1997,6(1):77-96.
[6]姚姚,奚先.随机介质模型正演模拟及其地震波场分析.石油物探,2002,41(1):31-36.Yao Y,Xi X.Modeling in random medium and its seismicwavefield analysis.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2002,41(1):31-36.
[7]奚先,姚姚.随机介质模型的模拟与混合型随机介质.地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2002,27(1):67-71.Xi X,Yao Y.Simulations of random medium model andintermixed random medium.Earth Science-Journal of ChinaUniversity of Geosciences(in Chinese),2002,27(1):67-71.
[8]奚先,姚姚.弹性随机介质模型的特征频率.地球物理学进展,2005,20(3):681-687.Xi X,Yao Y.The characteristic frequency of the elasticrandom medium models.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(3):681-687.
[9]Dainty A M.High-frequeney acoustic backscattering andseismic attenuation.J.Geophys.Res.,1984,89(B5):3172-3176.
[10]Frankel A,Clayton R.Finite difference simulations ofseismic scattering:implications for the propagation of short-period seismic waves in the crust and models of crustalheterogeneity.J.Geophys.Res.,1986,91(B6):6465-6489.
[11]Charratte E.Elastic wave scattering in laterallyinhomogeneous media[Ph.D.thesis].MassachusettsInstitute of Technology,Dept.of Earth,Atmospheric,andPlanetary Sciences,1991.
[12]Kerner C.Anisotropy in sedimentary rocks modeled asrandom media.Geophysics,1992,57(4):564-576.
[13]Hestholm S O,Huseybe E S,Ruud B O.Seismic wavepropagation in complex crust-upper mantle media using 2-Dfinite-difference synthetics.Geophys.J.Int.,1994,118(3):643-670.
[14]Birch F.The velocity of compressional waves in rocks to 10kilobars:2.J.Geophys.Res.,1961,66(7):2199-2224.
[15]吴胜和,岳大力,刘建民等.地下古河道储层构型的层次建模研究.中国科学D辑,2008,38(增刊Ⅰ):111-121.Wu S H,Yue D L,Liu J M,et al.The hierarchical modelingstudy of underground paleochannel reservoir architecture.Science in China(Series D:Earth Sciences)(in Chinese),2008,38(SupplementⅠ):111-121.
[16]尹艳树,吴胜和,张昌民等.基于储层骨架的多点地质统计学方法.中国科学D辑,2008,38(增刊Ⅱ):157-164.Yin Y S,Wu S H,Zhang C M,et al.The Multiple-pointgeostatistics method based on the reservoir framework.Science in China(Series D:Earth Sciences)(in Chinese),2008,38(SupplementⅡ):157-164.
[17]李少华,张昌民,王振奇等.三角洲前缘砂体骨架的随机模拟.石油勘探与开发,2004,31(1):67-69.Li S H,Zhang C M,Wang Z Q,et al.Stochastic modeling ofsand framework of deltaic front.Petroleum Exploration andDevelopment(in Chinese),2004,31(1):67-69.
[18]吕晓光,张学文,刘合年等.综合运用地震反演及测井资料建立单砂体骨架模型.石油学报,2007,28(6):82-86.LüX G,Zhang X W,Liu H N,et al.Development of single-channel sandbody framework model by integrating seismicinversion and well data.Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),2007,28(6):82-86.
[19]徐安娜,董月霞,韩大匡等.地震、测井和地质综合一体化油藏描述与评价——以南堡1号构造东营组一段油藏为例.石油勘探与开发,2009,36(5):541-551.Xu A N,Dong Y X,Han D K,et al.Integrated descriptionand evaluation of reservoirs based on seismic,logging andgeological data:taking Dongying formation member 1 oilreservoir of No.1 structure,Nanpu Sag as an example.Petroleum Exploration and Development(in Chinese),2009,36(5):541-551.
[20]吴键,李凡华.三维地质建模与地震反演结合预测含油单砂体.石油勘探与开发,2009,36(5):623-627.Wu J,Li F H.Prediction of oil-bearing single sandbody by3D geological modeling combined with seismic inversion.Petroleum Exploration and Development(in Chinese),2009,36(5):623-627.
[21]任殿星,李凡华,李保柱.多条件约束油藏地质建模技术.石油勘探与开发,2008,35(2):205-214.Ren D X,Li F H,Li B Z.Geomodeling technology undermultifactor control.Petroleum Exploration and Development(in Chinese),2008,35(2):205-214.
[22]解习农,陈志宏,孙志鹏等.南海西北陆缘深水沉积体系内部构成特征.地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2012,37(4):627-634.Xie X N,Chen Z H,Sun Z P,et al.Depositionalarchitecture characteristics of deepwater depositional systemson the continental margins of northwestern South China Sea.Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences(in Chinese),2012,37(4):627-634.
[23]桂志先,贺振华,黄德济.两种类型裂隙介质的弹性常数分析.物探化探计算技术,2000,22(2):117-119.Gui Z X,He Z H,Huang D J.The elastic constants analysisof the media with different fracture.Computing Techniquesfor Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),2000,22(2):117-119.
[24]Crampin F S.Effective anisotropic elastic constants for wavepropagation through cracked solids.Geophys.J.Int.,1984,76(1):135-145.
[25]Hudson J A.Wave speeds and attenuation of elastic waves inmaterial containing cracks.Geophys.J.Int.,1981,64(1):133-150.
[26]Hudson J A.Overall elastic properties of isotropic materialswith arbitrary distribution of circular cracks.Geophys.J.Int.,1990,102(2):465-469.
[27]Morlet J,Arens G,Fourgeau E,et al.Wave propagationand sampling theory-Part II:Sampling theory and complexwaves.Geophysics,1982,47(2):222-236.
[28]赵迎月,顾汉明,李宗杰等.塔中地区奥陶系典型地质体地震识别模式.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2010,40(6):1262-1270.Zhao Y Y,Gu H M,Li Z J,et al.The Seismic Wave FieldRecognition Mode of Typical Geological Bodies in theOrdovician in Tazhong Area.Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition)(in Chinese),2010,40(6):1262-1270.
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