华北克拉通岩石圈二维P波速度结构特征——文登-阿拉善左旗深地震测深剖面结果
摘要
利用超长观测距地震宽角反射/折射剖面探测技术,获得了近东西向横穿华北克拉通不同块体的反映地壳-上地幔岩石圈结构的不同深度、不同属性地震波震相特征数据.通过对各个块体内的地震波震相特征对比分析研究,除识别出地壳内常规的Pg波、Pci波、Pm P波和Pn波外,还清楚的对比出了岩石圈尺度的两组震相PL1和PL2波.经过一维、二维地震走时及波形拟合,获得了沿剖面长约1500 km的不同块体的壳幔二维速度结构与构造特征.结果表明:沿剖面地壳及岩石圈自东向西加厚趋势的明显,但各组地震波反、折射界面在各个块体内又显示出局部变化明显等特征.结晶基底在各个块体内变化较大,在华北凹陷盆地内最深达到7.8 km,在胶东半岛及太行吕梁地块较浅约2.0 km;莫霍界面形态整体显示出东浅西深,在鄂尔多斯块体内最深达到46 km,而在华北断陷盆地内显示隆起特征;L1界面仅在太行山以西区域显示,深度约为80 km,变化较缓.岩石圈L2界面东浅西深在75~160 km范围内变化,在太行山以西有一急剧加深趋势,形成一个陡变带.
引文
陈凌,朱日祥,王涛,等.2007.大陆岩石圈研究进展.地学前缘,14:58–75
邓晋福,苏尚国,刘翠,等.2006.关于华北克拉通燕山期岩石圈减薄的机制与过程的讨论:是拆沉,还是热侵蚀和化学交代?地学前缘,13:105–119
段永红,张先康,方盛明,等.2002.华北地区上部地壳结构的三维有限差分层析成像.地球物理学报,45:362–369
国家地震局科技监测司.1988.中国大陆深部构造的研究与进展.北京:地质出版.18–46
高战武,徐杰,宋长青,等.2000.华北沧东断裂的构造特征.地震地质,22:395–404
嘉世旭,张先康.2005.华北不同构造块体地壳结构及其对比研究.地球物理学报,48:1–620
嵇少丞,王茜,许志琴,等.2008.华北克拉通破坏与岩石圈减薄.地质学报,82:174–193
何国琦,韩宝福.1995.大陆岩石圈研究.地学前缘,2:187–194
李曙光.2004.大别山超高压变质岩折返机制与华北-华南陆块碰撞过程.地学前缘,11:63–70
刘贻灿,刘理湘,李曙光,等.2010.大别山北淮阳带西段新元古代浅变质花岗岩的发现及其大地构造意义.科学通报,55:2391–2399
刘国栋,史书林,王宝均,等.1984.华北地区高导层及其地壳构造活动性的关系.中国科学B辑,9:839–848
刘福田,曲克信,吴华,等.1989.中国大陆及其邻近地区的地震层析成象.地球物理学报,32:281–291
路凤香,郑建平.2000.中国东部显生宙地幔演化的主要样式:“蘑菇云”模型.地学前缘,7:97–108
赖院根,刘启元,陈九辉,等.2006.首都圈地区横波分裂与地壳应力场特征.地球物理学报,49:189–196
马杏垣.1989.中国岩石圈动力学地图集.北京:中国地图出版社.1–112
牛树银,胡华斌,毛景文,等.2004.鲁西地区地质构造特征及其形成机制.中国地质,31:34–39
彭艳菊,黄忠贤,苏伟,等.2007.中国大陆及邻区海域地壳上地幔各向异性研究.地球物理学报,50:752–759
邱瑞照,邓晋福,周肃,等.2004.华北地区岩石圈类型:地质与地球物理证据.中国科学D辑:地球科学,34:698–711
滕吉文,张中杰,白武明,等.2003.岩石圈物理学.北京:科学出版社.110–123
滕吉文,王夫运,赵文智,等.2010.阴山造山带-鄂尔多斯盆地岩石圈层、块速度结构与深层动力过程.地球物理学报,53:67–85
王椿镛,张先康,吴庆举,等.1994.华北盆地滑脱构造的地震学证据.地球物理学报,37:613–620
王夫运,张先康,陈颙,等.2004.张渤构造带中东段二维P波速度结构—安新-香河-宽城剖面.地震学报,26:31–41
王帅军,张先康,张成科,等.2007.武清-北京-赤城二维地壳结构和构造.地球物理学报,50:149–155
吴福元,葛文春,孙德有,等.2003.中国东部岩石圈减薄研究中的几个问题.地学前缘,10:51–60
许志琴,张泽明,刘福来,等.2003.苏鲁高压超高压变质带的折返构造及折返机制.地质学报,77:433–450
胥颐,刘建华,郝天珧,等.2006.中国东部海域及邻区岩石层地幔的P波速度结构与构造分析.地球物理学报,49:1053–1061
徐杰,宋长清,楚全芝,等.1998.张家口-蓬莱断裂带地震构造特征的初步探讨.地震地质,20:125–134
袁学诚.1996.秦岭岩石圈速度结构与蘑菇云构造模型.中国科学D辑:地球科学,26:209–215
张锡明,张岳桥,季玮,等.2007.山东鲁西地块断裂构造分布型式与中生代沉积-岩浆-构造演化序列.地质力学学报,13:l63–172
张先康,赵金仁,刘国华,等.2002.三河-平谷8.0级大震区震源细结构的深地震反射探测研究.中国地震,18:326–336
张先康,祝治平,张成科,等.1998.张家口-渤海地震带及其两侧地壳上地幔构造与速度结构研究.见:活动断裂研究编委会和中国地震局科技发展司编,活动断裂研究(6).北京:地震出版社.1–16
张成科,张先康,赵金仁,等.2002.渤海湾及其邻区壳幔速度结构研究与综述.地震学报,24:428–435
朱光,王勇生,牛漫兰,等.2004.郯庐断裂带的同造山运动.地学前缘,11:169–182
朱日祥,郑天愉.2009.华北克拉通破坏机制与古元古代板块构造体系.科学通报,54:1950–1961
郑建平.2009.不同时空背景幔源物质对比与华北深部岩石圈破坏和增生置换过程.科学通报,54:1990–2007
Anderson D L.1995.Lithosphere,asthenosphere,and perisphere EJ3.Rev Geophys,33:125–149
Chen L,Wang T,Zhao L,et a1.2008.Distinct lateral variation of lithospheric thickness in the northeastern North China Craton.Earth Planet SciLett,267:56-68
Cerveny V.1979.Ray theoretical seismograms for laterally inhomogenous structure.J Geophys Res,46:335–342
Carlson R W,Pearson D G,James D E,et al.2005.Physical,chemical,and chronological characteristics of continental mantle.Rev Geophys,43:1001–1014
Fan W M,Menzies M A.1992.Destruction of aged lower lithosphere and accretion of asthenosphere mantle beneath eastern China.GeotectonMetall,16:171–180
Michel B,Hirn A.1980.Velocity-depth estimation from wide angle seismic reflection arrivals.Annals de Geophysique,36:107–118
Mc Kenzie D,Jackson J,Priestley K.2005.Thermal structure of oceanic and continental lithosphere.Earth Planet Sci Lett,233:337–349
Menzies M,Xu Y,Zhang H,et al.2007.Integration of geology,geophysics and geochemistry:A key to understanding the North China Craton.Lithos,96:1–21
Schmeling H,Margant G.1993.Mantle flow and evolution of the lithosphere.Phys Earth Planet Int,79:241–267
Schmeling H,Margant G.1991.The influence of second-scale convection on the thickness of continental lithosphere and crust.Tectonophysics,189:281–306
Tian Y,Zhao D,Sun R,et al.2009.Seismic imaging of the crust and upper mantle beneath the North China Craton.Phys Earth Planet Inter,172:169–182
Xu Y G.2001.Thermo-tectonic destruction of the Archaean lithospheric keel beneath the Sino-Korean Craton in China:Evidence,timing andmechanism.Phys Chem Earth,26:747–757
Xu Y,Huang X,Ma J,et al.2004.Crust-mantle interaction during the tectonic-thermal reactivation of the North China Craton:Constraints fromSHRIMP zircon U-Pb chronology and geochemistry of Mesozoic plutons from western Shandong.Contrib Mineral Petrol,147:750–767
Xu Y G,Chuang S L,Ma J L,et a1.2004.Contrasting Cenozoic lithospheric evolution and architecture in the western and eastern Sino KoreanCraton:Constraints from geochemistry of basalts and mantle xenoliths.J Geol,112:593–605
Xu T,Zhang Z,Gao E,et al.2010.Segmentally iterative ray tracing in complex 2D and 3D heterogeneous block models.Bull Seismol Soc Amer,100:841–850
Xu T,Xu G,Gao E,et al.2006.Block modeling and segmentally iterative ray tracing in complex 3D media.Geophysics,71:T41–T51
Zhang H.2005.Transformation of lithospheric mantle through peridotite-melt reaction:A case of Sino-Korean Craton.Earth Planet Sci Lett,237:768–780
Zhang Z,Zhang G W,Deng Y F,et al.2014.Geophysical transect across the North China Craton:A perspective on the interaction betweenTibetan eastward escape and Pacific westward flow.Gondwana Res,25:311–322
Zhang Z J,Chen Q F,Bai Z M,et al.2011.Crustal structure and extensional deformation of thinned lithosphere in Northern China.Tectonophysics,508:62–72
Zhang Z J,Wu J,Deng Y F,et al.2012.Lateral variation of the strength of lithosphere across the eastern North China Craton:New constraints onlithospheric disruption.Gondwana Res,22:1047–1059
Zhao L,Allen R M,Zheng T Y,et al.2012.High-resolution body-wave tomography models of the upper mantle beneath eastern China and theadjacent areas.Geochem Geophys Geosyst,13:Q06007,doi:10.1029/2012GC004119
Zhao L,Allen R M,Zheng T Y,et al.2009.Reactivation of an Archean Craton:Constraints from P-and S-wave tomography in North China.Geophy Res Lett,36:L17306,doi:10.1029/2009GL039781
Zhao L,Zheng T.2005.Using shear wave splitting measurements to investigate the upper mantle anisotropy beneath the North China Craton:Distinct variation from east to west.Geophys Res Lett,32:L1030914,doi:10.1029/2005GL022585
Zheng J,Reilly S,Griffin W,et al.1998.Nature and evolution of Cenozoic lithospheric mantle beneath Shandong Peninsula,Sino-Korean Craton,eastern China.Int Geol Rev,40:471–499
Zheng J,Griffin W,Reilly S,et al.2007.Mechanism and timing of lithospheric modification and replacement beneath the eastern North ChinaCraton:Peridotitic xenoliths from the 100 Ma Fuxin basalts and a regional synthesis.Geochim Cosmochim Acta,71:5203–5225
邓晋福,苏尚国,刘翠,等.2006.关于华北克拉通燕山期岩石圈减薄的机制与过程的讨论:是拆沉,还是热侵蚀和化学交代?地学前缘,13:105–119
段永红,张先康,方盛明,等.2002.华北地区上部地壳结构的三维有限差分层析成像.地球物理学报,45:362–369
国家地震局科技监测司.1988.中国大陆深部构造的研究与进展.北京:地质出版.18–46
高战武,徐杰,宋长青,等.2000.华北沧东断裂的构造特征.地震地质,22:395–404
嘉世旭,张先康.2005.华北不同构造块体地壳结构及其对比研究.地球物理学报,48:1–620
嵇少丞,王茜,许志琴,等.2008.华北克拉通破坏与岩石圈减薄.地质学报,82:174–193
何国琦,韩宝福.1995.大陆岩石圈研究.地学前缘,2:187–194
李曙光.2004.大别山超高压变质岩折返机制与华北-华南陆块碰撞过程.地学前缘,11:63–70
刘贻灿,刘理湘,李曙光,等.2010.大别山北淮阳带西段新元古代浅变质花岗岩的发现及其大地构造意义.科学通报,55:2391–2399
刘国栋,史书林,王宝均,等.1984.华北地区高导层及其地壳构造活动性的关系.中国科学B辑,9:839–848
刘福田,曲克信,吴华,等.1989.中国大陆及其邻近地区的地震层析成象.地球物理学报,32:281–291
路凤香,郑建平.2000.中国东部显生宙地幔演化的主要样式:“蘑菇云”模型.地学前缘,7:97–108
赖院根,刘启元,陈九辉,等.2006.首都圈地区横波分裂与地壳应力场特征.地球物理学报,49:189–196
马杏垣.1989.中国岩石圈动力学地图集.北京:中国地图出版社.1–112
牛树银,胡华斌,毛景文,等.2004.鲁西地区地质构造特征及其形成机制.中国地质,31:34–39
彭艳菊,黄忠贤,苏伟,等.2007.中国大陆及邻区海域地壳上地幔各向异性研究.地球物理学报,50:752–759
邱瑞照,邓晋福,周肃,等.2004.华北地区岩石圈类型:地质与地球物理证据.中国科学D辑:地球科学,34:698–711
滕吉文,张中杰,白武明,等.2003.岩石圈物理学.北京:科学出版社.110–123
滕吉文,王夫运,赵文智,等.2010.阴山造山带-鄂尔多斯盆地岩石圈层、块速度结构与深层动力过程.地球物理学报,53:67–85
王椿镛,张先康,吴庆举,等.1994.华北盆地滑脱构造的地震学证据.地球物理学报,37:613–620
王夫运,张先康,陈颙,等.2004.张渤构造带中东段二维P波速度结构—安新-香河-宽城剖面.地震学报,26:31–41
王帅军,张先康,张成科,等.2007.武清-北京-赤城二维地壳结构和构造.地球物理学报,50:149–155
吴福元,葛文春,孙德有,等.2003.中国东部岩石圈减薄研究中的几个问题.地学前缘,10:51–60
许志琴,张泽明,刘福来,等.2003.苏鲁高压超高压变质带的折返构造及折返机制.地质学报,77:433–450
胥颐,刘建华,郝天珧,等.2006.中国东部海域及邻区岩石层地幔的P波速度结构与构造分析.地球物理学报,49:1053–1061
徐杰,宋长清,楚全芝,等.1998.张家口-蓬莱断裂带地震构造特征的初步探讨.地震地质,20:125–134
袁学诚.1996.秦岭岩石圈速度结构与蘑菇云构造模型.中国科学D辑:地球科学,26:209–215
张锡明,张岳桥,季玮,等.2007.山东鲁西地块断裂构造分布型式与中生代沉积-岩浆-构造演化序列.地质力学学报,13:l63–172
张先康,赵金仁,刘国华,等.2002.三河-平谷8.0级大震区震源细结构的深地震反射探测研究.中国地震,18:326–336
张先康,祝治平,张成科,等.1998.张家口-渤海地震带及其两侧地壳上地幔构造与速度结构研究.见:活动断裂研究编委会和中国地震局科技发展司编,活动断裂研究(6).北京:地震出版社.1–16
张成科,张先康,赵金仁,等.2002.渤海湾及其邻区壳幔速度结构研究与综述.地震学报,24:428–435
朱光,王勇生,牛漫兰,等.2004.郯庐断裂带的同造山运动.地学前缘,11:169–182
朱日祥,郑天愉.2009.华北克拉通破坏机制与古元古代板块构造体系.科学通报,54:1950–1961
郑建平.2009.不同时空背景幔源物质对比与华北深部岩石圈破坏和增生置换过程.科学通报,54:1990–2007
Anderson D L.1995.Lithosphere,asthenosphere,and perisphere EJ3.Rev Geophys,33:125–149
Chen L,Wang T,Zhao L,et a1.2008.Distinct lateral variation of lithospheric thickness in the northeastern North China Craton.Earth Planet SciLett,267:56-68
Cerveny V.1979.Ray theoretical seismograms for laterally inhomogenous structure.J Geophys Res,46:335–342
Carlson R W,Pearson D G,James D E,et al.2005.Physical,chemical,and chronological characteristics of continental mantle.Rev Geophys,43:1001–1014
Fan W M,Menzies M A.1992.Destruction of aged lower lithosphere and accretion of asthenosphere mantle beneath eastern China.GeotectonMetall,16:171–180
Michel B,Hirn A.1980.Velocity-depth estimation from wide angle seismic reflection arrivals.Annals de Geophysique,36:107–118
Mc Kenzie D,Jackson J,Priestley K.2005.Thermal structure of oceanic and continental lithosphere.Earth Planet Sci Lett,233:337–349
Menzies M,Xu Y,Zhang H,et al.2007.Integration of geology,geophysics and geochemistry:A key to understanding the North China Craton.Lithos,96:1–21
Schmeling H,Margant G.1993.Mantle flow and evolution of the lithosphere.Phys Earth Planet Int,79:241–267
Schmeling H,Margant G.1991.The influence of second-scale convection on the thickness of continental lithosphere and crust.Tectonophysics,189:281–306
Tian Y,Zhao D,Sun R,et al.2009.Seismic imaging of the crust and upper mantle beneath the North China Craton.Phys Earth Planet Inter,172:169–182
Xu Y G.2001.Thermo-tectonic destruction of the Archaean lithospheric keel beneath the Sino-Korean Craton in China:Evidence,timing andmechanism.Phys Chem Earth,26:747–757
Xu Y,Huang X,Ma J,et al.2004.Crust-mantle interaction during the tectonic-thermal reactivation of the North China Craton:Constraints fromSHRIMP zircon U-Pb chronology and geochemistry of Mesozoic plutons from western Shandong.Contrib Mineral Petrol,147:750–767
Xu Y G,Chuang S L,Ma J L,et a1.2004.Contrasting Cenozoic lithospheric evolution and architecture in the western and eastern Sino KoreanCraton:Constraints from geochemistry of basalts and mantle xenoliths.J Geol,112:593–605
Xu T,Zhang Z,Gao E,et al.2010.Segmentally iterative ray tracing in complex 2D and 3D heterogeneous block models.Bull Seismol Soc Amer,100:841–850
Xu T,Xu G,Gao E,et al.2006.Block modeling and segmentally iterative ray tracing in complex 3D media.Geophysics,71:T41–T51
Zhang H.2005.Transformation of lithospheric mantle through peridotite-melt reaction:A case of Sino-Korean Craton.Earth Planet Sci Lett,237:768–780
Zhang Z,Zhang G W,Deng Y F,et al.2014.Geophysical transect across the North China Craton:A perspective on the interaction betweenTibetan eastward escape and Pacific westward flow.Gondwana Res,25:311–322
Zhang Z J,Chen Q F,Bai Z M,et al.2011.Crustal structure and extensional deformation of thinned lithosphere in Northern China.Tectonophysics,508:62–72
Zhang Z J,Wu J,Deng Y F,et al.2012.Lateral variation of the strength of lithosphere across the eastern North China Craton:New constraints onlithospheric disruption.Gondwana Res,22:1047–1059
Zhao L,Allen R M,Zheng T Y,et al.2012.High-resolution body-wave tomography models of the upper mantle beneath eastern China and theadjacent areas.Geochem Geophys Geosyst,13:Q06007,doi:10.1029/2012GC004119
Zhao L,Allen R M,Zheng T Y,et al.2009.Reactivation of an Archean Craton:Constraints from P-and S-wave tomography in North China.Geophy Res Lett,36:L17306,doi:10.1029/2009GL039781
Zhao L,Zheng T.2005.Using shear wave splitting measurements to investigate the upper mantle anisotropy beneath the North China Craton:Distinct variation from east to west.Geophys Res Lett,32:L1030914,doi:10.1029/2005GL022585
Zheng J,Reilly S,Griffin W,et al.1998.Nature and evolution of Cenozoic lithospheric mantle beneath Shandong Peninsula,Sino-Korean Craton,eastern China.Int Geol Rev,40:471–499
Zheng J,Griffin W,Reilly S,et al.2007.Mechanism and timing of lithospheric modification and replacement beneath the eastern North ChinaCraton:Peridotitic xenoliths from the 100 Ma Fuxin basalts and a regional synthesis.Geochim Cosmochim Acta,71:5203–5225
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