地层衰减在地震记录上的特征分析
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摘要
李生杰 ,施行觉 ,王宝善 ,叶林 ,孙道远 ,温丹 ,杨宏峰 .地层衰减在地震记录上的特征分析 .石油地球物理勘探 ,2 0 0 2 ,37(3) :2 4 8～ 2 5 3本文采用理论计算与实验模拟的方法 ,对利用地震反射资料估算的地层衰减量的影响因素进行研究 ,认为在使用反射地震记录计算地层衰减量时 ,应对地层引起的地震波相位变化进行分析 ,正确选择计算窗口的位置。使用叠前道集进行衰减分析时 ,需充分考虑不同炮检距对所计算的衰减量精度的影响。本文的物理模拟结果表明 ,不同炮检距对地震波衰减的影响较大。近炮检距处地震波的衰减较之远炮检距的相应衰减量更能准确反映地层的岩性信息。本项研究对地震勘探工作具有一定的实用价值。
The influence factors of formation attenuation estimated from seismic data are investigated by means of calculation in theory and simulation in laboratory in the paper. The authors considered that in order to determine the position of calculating window accurately, the variation of the seismic phase caused by formation attenuation should be analyzed when the latter is estimated from reflecting data. The effect of different offsets on the precision of estimated attenuation needs to be fully considered when using pre stack seismic gather to analyze attenuation. The result of physical simulation show that the different offsets have strong influence on seismic attenuation. The attenuation of seismic wave in near offset can more correctly reflect the lithologic information of formation than that in far offset. The study has some practical value in the routine seismic exploration.
The influence factors of formation attenuation estimated from seismic data are investigated by means of calculation in theory and simulation in laboratory in the paper. The authors considered that in order to determine the position of calculating window accurately, the variation of the seismic phase caused by formation attenuation should be analyzed when the latter is estimated from reflecting data. The effect of different offsets on the precision of estimated attenuation needs to be fully considered when using pre stack seismic gather to analyze attenuation. The result of physical simulation show that the different offsets have strong influence on seismic attenuation. The attenuation of seismic wave in near offset can more correctly reflect the lithologic information of formation than that in far offset. The study has some practical value in the routine seismic exploration.
引文
[1] 黄中玉,王于静,苏永昌.一种新的地震波衰减分析方法——预测油气异常的有效工具.石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(6):768～773
[2] BatzleM,HanD H andCastagnaJ.Attenuation andvelocity dispersion at seismic frequencies.ExpandedAbstracts of66 thSEG Mtg,1996
[3] JonesS M.The effect of degree of saturation on ul-trasonic velocity and attenuation in sandstones.Ex-pandedAbstracts of67thSEG Mtg,1997
[4] Klim entosT andMcCannC.Relationships amongcom pressional wave attenuation,porosity,clay con-tent,and permeability in sandstones.Geophysiscs,1990,55(8):998～1914
[5] KlimentosT andMcCannC.Attenuation ofP- andS- waves as a method of distinguishing gas and con-densate from oil and water.Geophysics,1995,60(2):447～458
[6] 王宝善,孙道远,李生杰等.岩石非均匀性对超声波衰减的影响及其修正.中国地震,2001,17(1):1～7
[7] BanikN C,L ercheI andShueyR T.StratigraphicFiltering,Part1:Derivation of theO'Doherty-AnsteyForm ula.Geophysics,1985,50(3):2768～2774
[8] Futterm anW I.Dispersive body waves.Journal ofGeophysicalResearch,1962,67:5279～5291
[9] AkiK andRichardsP G.QuantitativeSeismologyTheory andMethods,M H Freem andCom pany
[10] L ercheI andMenkeW.An inversion methods forseparating apparent and intrinsic attenuation in lay-ered media.GeophysJ R,1986,87:333～347
[2] BatzleM,HanD H andCastagnaJ.Attenuation andvelocity dispersion at seismic frequencies.ExpandedAbstracts of66 thSEG Mtg,1996
[3] JonesS M.The effect of degree of saturation on ul-trasonic velocity and attenuation in sandstones.Ex-pandedAbstracts of67thSEG Mtg,1997
[4] Klim entosT andMcCannC.Relationships amongcom pressional wave attenuation,porosity,clay con-tent,and permeability in sandstones.Geophysiscs,1990,55(8):998～1914
[5] KlimentosT andMcCannC.Attenuation ofP- andS- waves as a method of distinguishing gas and con-densate from oil and water.Geophysics,1995,60(2):447～458
[6] 王宝善,孙道远,李生杰等.岩石非均匀性对超声波衰减的影响及其修正.中国地震,2001,17(1):1～7
[7] BanikN C,L ercheI andShueyR T.StratigraphicFiltering,Part1:Derivation of theO'Doherty-AnsteyForm ula.Geophysics,1985,50(3):2768～2774
[8] Futterm anW I.Dispersive body waves.Journal ofGeophysicalResearch,1962,67:5279～5291
[9] AkiK andRichardsP G.QuantitativeSeismologyTheory andMethods,M H Freem andCom pany
[10] L ercheI andMenkeW.An inversion methods forseparating apparent and intrinsic attenuation in lay-ered media.GeophysJ R,1986,87:333～347
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