基于连续小波变换的天然气水合物层地震数据多尺度分析——布莱克海台USGS95-1测线应用实例
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摘要
似海底反射(BSR)是目前天然气水合物层识别的主要依据,但是当BSR不明显或者缺失的时候怎样识别水合物层,以及水合物层顶面和下伏游离气层底面如何确定,仍然是水合物识别中难以圆满解决的两大难题。以布莱克海台USGS95-1测线地震数据为例利用小波变换进行多尺度研究发现水合物层和游离气层表现出不同的尺度特征:水合物层表现出大尺度特征,而游离气层具有小尺度特征;在最佳尺度剖面上,水合物层表现为低尺度背景中的近似平行于海底的高尺度带。利用水合物层和游离气层的这种尺度差异不但可以识别水合物层,而且还可以推断水合物层的顶面和游离气层的底面。
Bottom simulating reflector(BSR) is the main indicator of gas hydrates.However,there are still two problems which are not successfully solved up to now in identification of gas hydrate: one is how to identify hydrate sediments when BSR is not clear or not in existence on seismic sections,and the other is how to recognize the top of the hydrate layer and the bottom of the free gas layer.In this paper,the seismic data of line(USGS95-1) in Blake Ridge are studied through wavelet multi-scale method to show that wavelet scales of seismic data from hydrate sediments are larger than the ones of the data from free gas layer.Moreover,the gas hydrate layer on optimal-scale section shows a high scale zone of paralleling bottom in the low scale background.This difference in wavelet scales of seismic data between gas hydrate sediments and free gas area can be used not only to recognize gas hydrates,but also to distinguish the top of the hydrate layer and the bottom of the free gas layer.
Bottom simulating reflector(BSR) is the main indicator of gas hydrates.However,there are still two problems which are not successfully solved up to now in identification of gas hydrate: one is how to identify hydrate sediments when BSR is not clear or not in existence on seismic sections,and the other is how to recognize the top of the hydrate layer and the bottom of the free gas layer.In this paper,the seismic data of line(USGS95-1) in Blake Ridge are studied through wavelet multi-scale method to show that wavelet scales of seismic data from hydrate sediments are larger than the ones of the data from free gas layer.Moreover,the gas hydrate layer on optimal-scale section shows a high scale zone of paralleling bottom in the low scale background.This difference in wavelet scales of seismic data between gas hydrate sediments and free gas area can be used not only to recognize gas hydrates,but also to distinguish the top of the hydrate layer and the bottom of the free gas layer.
引文
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[20]ODP Leg 164 Sh ipboard Scientific Party.M ethane gas hydratedrilled at B lake R idge[J].Eos Transactions,Am erican Geo-physicalUn ion,1996,77(23):219.
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[23]何樵登,熊维纲.应用地球物理教程———地震勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,1990.
[2]蒋少涌,杨涛,薛紫晨,等.南海北部海区海底沉积物中孔隙水的C l-和SO42-浓度异常特征及其对天然气水合物的指示意义[J].现代地质,2005,19(1):45-54.
[3]杨涛,蒋少涌,杨竞红,等.孔隙水中NH4+和HPO42-浓度异常:一种潜在的天然气水合物地球化学勘查新指标[J].现代地质,2005,19(1):55-60.
[4]牛滨华,孙春岩,苏新,等.勘查地球化学方法适用于勘查天然气水合物的依据[J].现代地质,2005,19(1):61-66.
[5]刘海生,王南萍,侯胜利,等.海洋沉积物热释光———潜在的天然气水合物找矿方法[J].物探与化探,2002,26(4):264-267.
[6]王宏斌,梁劲,龚跃华,等.基于天然气水合物地震数据计算南海北部陆坡海底热流[J].现代地质,2005,19(1):67-73.
[7]卢振权,吴必豪,强祖基.利用卫星热红外遥感探测南海天然气水合物[J].地质学报,2002,76(1):100-106.
[8]卢振权,吴必豪,强祖基,等.中国近海海域卫星热红外亮温增温异常探讨[J].现代地质,2005,19(1):74-82.
[9]Sh ipley T H,Houston M H,Buffler R T.Seism ic reflection evi-dence fro w idespread occurrence of possib le gas-hydrate horizonson continental slopes and rises[J].AAPG Bu lletin,1979,63(12):2204-2213.
[10]Holbrook W S,Hosk insH.M ethane hydrate and free gas on theB lake R idge from vertical seism ic profile[J].Science,1996,273:1840-1843.
[11]孙春岩,黄新武,章明昱,等.天然气水合物及其地球物理识别方法的研究进展[J].现代地质,2003,17(2):195-201.
[12]刘学伟,李敏锋,张聿文,等.天然气水合物地震响应研究———中国南海HD152测线应用实例[J].现代地质,2005,19(1):33-38.
[13]孙春岩,黄新武,牛滨华.天然气水合物似海底反射现象AVO正演模型研究[J].现代地质,2003,17(3):337-344.
[14]L i M infeng,L iu Xuewei.An AVO inversion m ethod for identi-fying gas hydrate and free gas[M]//SEG J.The 7thSEG J Inter-national Symposium.Sendai,Japan:Society of Exploration Geo-physicists of Japan,2004:72-77.
[15]姚天任,孙洪.现代数字信号处理[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1999:209-297.
[16]韩其玉.地震信号时频域表示[J].石油大学学报,1994,18(4):26-30.
[17]刘维国,杨兆进,郭惠娟,等.小波变换及其在地震资料处理中的应用[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,1995,27(1):1-4.
[18]段虞荣,郑继明,段绍光.小波分析在油田地球物理勘探中的应用[J].重庆大学学报,1996,19(6):44-53.
[19]Lu Shaom ing,M cm echan George A.E lastic impedance inversionofmu ltichannel seism ic data from unconsolidated sed im ents con-tain ing gas hydrate and free gas[J].Geophysics,2004,69(1):164-179.
[20]ODP Leg 164 Sh ipboard Scientific Party.M ethane gas hydratedrilled at B lake R idge[J].Eos Transactions,Am erican Geo-physicalUn ion,1996,77(23):219.
[21]Eker C,Dvork in J,NurA.Sed im entsw ith gas hydrates:Internalstructure from seism ic AVO[J].Geophysics,1998,63(5):1659-1669.
[22]Hornbach M J,Holbrook W S,Gorman A R,et al.D irect seis-m ic detection of m ethane hydrate on the B lake R idge[J].Geo-physics,2003,68(1):92-100.
[23]何樵登,熊维纲.应用地球物理教程———地震勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,1990.
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