岷江断裂全新世古地震参数及模型
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摘要
全新世以来岷江断裂带古地震参数是地震潜势评价的重要基础.通过对比漳腊盆地黑斯沟沟口T2阶地前缘的大型探槽剖面的沉积层,将沉积序列分为两套地层.下部为青灰色河流相冲洪积砾岩层,上部为浅黄色至灰白色滨湖相粉细砂层、冲洪积相砾石层夹泥炭层.通过对比地层的错动、坎前堆积、地层产状变化等要素识别出3次古地震事件,同震垂直落差约1.5m.依据地震震级、同震位移、同震破裂尺度之间的关系,可推测岷江断裂带古地震震级约7.1.初步判定复发周期在2 557~3 410a.考虑目前断层陡坎的埋藏形态接近震前形态,离逝时间亦较长,汶川地震后,该区地震危险性应引起重视.
The paleo-earthquake parameters of Minjiang fault in Holocene provide the important data for seismic potential assessment.One large trench lies in front of terraceⅡ,in the estuary of Heisi gully,in Zhangla basin,along the Minjiang fault.Sedimentary sequences can be divided into two layers,with the light blue alluvial gravel strata in the lower and the light yellow to gray gravel layer of peat layer in the upper.Three paleo-earthquake events can be identified by the dislocation of the strata,and the vertical drop is about 1.5mthat accompany with each event,and simultaneous make the dip of the strata changed.According to the statistical regularity between the magnitude,the co-seismic displacement and the long rupture,the magnitude is concluded to be at 7.1.Based on the age of the 14 C in the lower A mark layer,we can conclude that the recurrence period is2 557-3 410a.Considering the current shape of fault scarp close to the buried shape of pre-earthquake,we should pay more attention to the seismic risk in this region after the Wenchuan earthquake.
The paleo-earthquake parameters of Minjiang fault in Holocene provide the important data for seismic potential assessment.One large trench lies in front of terraceⅡ,in the estuary of Heisi gully,in Zhangla basin,along the Minjiang fault.Sedimentary sequences can be divided into two layers,with the light blue alluvial gravel strata in the lower and the light yellow to gray gravel layer of peat layer in the upper.Three paleo-earthquake events can be identified by the dislocation of the strata,and the vertical drop is about 1.5mthat accompany with each event,and simultaneous make the dip of the strata changed.According to the statistical regularity between the magnitude,the co-seismic displacement and the long rupture,the magnitude is concluded to be at 7.1.Based on the age of the 14 C in the lower A mark layer,we can conclude that the recurrence period is2 557-3 410a.Considering the current shape of fault scarp close to the buried shape of pre-earthquake,we should pay more attention to the seismic risk in this region after the Wenchuan earthquake.
引文
Deng,Q.D.,Yu,G.H.,Ye,W.H.,1992.Relationship between Earthquake Magnitude and Parameters of Surface Ruptures Associated with Historical Earthquakes.In:Institute of Geology SSB,ed.,Research on Active Fault(the Second Edition).Seismological Press,Beijing,247-264(in Chinese).
Ding,G.Y.,1982.The PaleoearthquakesMark Problem.In:China Seismological Society of Professional Committee of the Earthquake Geology,ed.,Research on China Active Fault(The Third Edition).Seismological Press,Beijing,276-281(in Chinese).
Fu,J.D.,Ren,J.W.,Zhang,J.L.,et a1.,2011.A Preliminary Study on the Xiareer Fault of the East Kunlun Active Fault.Earthquake Research in China,27(3):248-259(in Chinese).
Fu,J.D.,Ren,J.W.,Zhang,J.L.,et a1.,2012.Research on Late Quaternary Paleoearthquakes on the Tazang-Fault on the Eastern Section of the Kunlun Active Fault.Quaternary Sciences,32(3):473-483(in Chinese).
Leonard,M.,2010.Earthquake Fault Scaling:Self-Consistent Relating of Rupture Length,Width,Average Displacement,and Moment Release.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,100(5A):1971-1988.doi:10.1785/0120090189
Liu,J.,Xu,X.W.,Li,Y.F.,et al.,2007.On the Completeness of Paleoseismic Records of Strike-Slip Faults:An Example from the Laohushan Segment of the Haiyuan Fault in Gansu,China:with a Discussion of Several Problems in the Paleoearthquake Study.Geological Bulletin of China,26(6):650-660(in Chinese with English abstract).
Mao,F.Y.,Zhang,P.Z.,1995.Method for Progressive Constraint for Paleoseismic Events and Paleoseismological Study of Major Fault Zone in Northern Xinjiang.In:Institute of Geology SSB,ed.,A Research on Active Faults(The Fourth Edition).Seismological Press,Beijing,153-164(in Chinese).
Ran,Y.K.,Deng,Q.D.,1999.History,Status and Trend about the Research of Paleosiesmology.Chinese Science Bulletin,44(1):12-20(in Chinese).
Schwartz,D.P.,Coppersmith,K.J.,1984.Fault Behavior and Characteristic Earthquakes:Examples from the Wasatch and San Andreas Fault Zones.Journal of Geophysical Research,89(B7):5681-5698.doi:10.1029/JB089iB07p05681
Tapponnier,P.,Xu,Z.Q.,Roger,F.,et a1.,2001.Oblique Stepwise Rise and Growth of the Tibet Plateau.Science,294(5547):1671-1677.doi:10.1126/science.105978
Wallace,R.E.,1981.Active Faults,Paleoseismology,and Earthquake Hazards in the Western United States.Maurice Ewing Serious,4:209-216.doi:10.1029/ME004p0209
Wells,D.L.,Coppersmith,K.J.,1994.New Empirical Relationships among Magnitude,Rupture Length,Rupture Width,Rupture Area,and Surface Displacement.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,84(4):974-1002
Zhang,J.L.,Chen,C.Y.,Hu.,C.Z.,et al.,2010.The Ms 7.1YushuEarthquake Surface Rupture and Its Coseismic Displacement.Earthquake,30(3):1-12(in Chinese).
Zhang,J.L.,Ren,J.W.,Fu,J.D.,et a1.,2012.The Earthquake Rupture Features and Tectonic Significance of the Tazang Fault in Eastern Part of the East Kunlun Fault Zones.Earthquake,32(1):1-16(in Chinese).
Zhao,X.L.,Deng,Q.D.,Chen,S.F.,1994.Tectonic Geomorphology of the Minshan Uplift in Western Sichuan,Southwestern China.Seismology and Geology,16(4):429 -439(in Chinese).
Zhou,R.J.,Pu,X.H.,He,Y.L.,et a1.,2000.Recent Activity of Minjiang Fault Zone,Uplift of Minshan Block and Their Relationship with Seismicity of Sichuan.Seismology and Geology,22(3):285-294(in Chinese with English abstract).
邓起东,于贵华,叶文华.1992.地震地表破裂参数与震级关系的研究.见:国家地震局地质研究所编.活动断裂研究(2).北京:地震出版社,247-264.
丁国瑜,1982.古地震标志问题.见:中国地震学会地震地质专业委员会编.中国活动断裂研究(3).北京:地震出版社,276-281.
付俊东,任金卫,张军龙,等,2011.东昆仑断裂东段下热尔断裂活动特征初步研究.中国地震,27(3):248-259.
付俊东,任金卫,张军龙,等,2012.东昆仑断裂东段塔藏断裂晚第四纪古地震研究.第四纪研究,32(3):473-483.
刘静,徐锡伟,李岩峰,等,2007.以海原断裂甘肃老虎山段为例浅析走滑断裂古地震记录的完整性——兼论古地震研究中的若干问题.地质通报,26(6):650-660.
毛凤英,张培震,1995.古地震研究的逐次限定法与新疆北部主要断裂带的古地震研究.见:国家地震局地质研究所编.活动断裂研究(4).北京:地震出版社,153-164.
冉勇康,邓起东,1999.古地震学研究的历史、现状和发展趋势.科学通报,44(1):12-20.
张军龙,陈长云,胡朝忠,等,2010.玉树Ms 7.1地震地表破裂带及其同震位移分布.地震,30(3):1-12.
张军龙,任金卫,付俊东,等,2012.东昆仑断裂带东部塔藏断裂地震地表破裂特征及其构造意义.地震,32(1):1-16.
赵小麟,邓起东,陈社发,1994.岷山隆起的构造地貌学研究.地震地质,16(4):429-439.
周荣军,蒲晓虹,何玉林,等,2000.四川岷江断裂带北段的新活动、岷山断块的隆起及其与地震活动的关系.地震地质,22(3):285-294.
Ding,G.Y.,1982.The PaleoearthquakesMark Problem.In:China Seismological Society of Professional Committee of the Earthquake Geology,ed.,Research on China Active Fault(The Third Edition).Seismological Press,Beijing,276-281(in Chinese).
Fu,J.D.,Ren,J.W.,Zhang,J.L.,et a1.,2011.A Preliminary Study on the Xiareer Fault of the East Kunlun Active Fault.Earthquake Research in China,27(3):248-259(in Chinese).
Fu,J.D.,Ren,J.W.,Zhang,J.L.,et a1.,2012.Research on Late Quaternary Paleoearthquakes on the Tazang-Fault on the Eastern Section of the Kunlun Active Fault.Quaternary Sciences,32(3):473-483(in Chinese).
Leonard,M.,2010.Earthquake Fault Scaling:Self-Consistent Relating of Rupture Length,Width,Average Displacement,and Moment Release.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,100(5A):1971-1988.doi:10.1785/0120090189
Liu,J.,Xu,X.W.,Li,Y.F.,et al.,2007.On the Completeness of Paleoseismic Records of Strike-Slip Faults:An Example from the Laohushan Segment of the Haiyuan Fault in Gansu,China:with a Discussion of Several Problems in the Paleoearthquake Study.Geological Bulletin of China,26(6):650-660(in Chinese with English abstract).
Mao,F.Y.,Zhang,P.Z.,1995.Method for Progressive Constraint for Paleoseismic Events and Paleoseismological Study of Major Fault Zone in Northern Xinjiang.In:Institute of Geology SSB,ed.,A Research on Active Faults(The Fourth Edition).Seismological Press,Beijing,153-164(in Chinese).
Ran,Y.K.,Deng,Q.D.,1999.History,Status and Trend about the Research of Paleosiesmology.Chinese Science Bulletin,44(1):12-20(in Chinese).
Schwartz,D.P.,Coppersmith,K.J.,1984.Fault Behavior and Characteristic Earthquakes:Examples from the Wasatch and San Andreas Fault Zones.Journal of Geophysical Research,89(B7):5681-5698.doi:10.1029/JB089iB07p05681
Tapponnier,P.,Xu,Z.Q.,Roger,F.,et a1.,2001.Oblique Stepwise Rise and Growth of the Tibet Plateau.Science,294(5547):1671-1677.doi:10.1126/science.105978
Wallace,R.E.,1981.Active Faults,Paleoseismology,and Earthquake Hazards in the Western United States.Maurice Ewing Serious,4:209-216.doi:10.1029/ME004p0209
Wells,D.L.,Coppersmith,K.J.,1994.New Empirical Relationships among Magnitude,Rupture Length,Rupture Width,Rupture Area,and Surface Displacement.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,84(4):974-1002
Zhang,J.L.,Chen,C.Y.,Hu.,C.Z.,et al.,2010.The Ms 7.1YushuEarthquake Surface Rupture and Its Coseismic Displacement.Earthquake,30(3):1-12(in Chinese).
Zhang,J.L.,Ren,J.W.,Fu,J.D.,et a1.,2012.The Earthquake Rupture Features and Tectonic Significance of the Tazang Fault in Eastern Part of the East Kunlun Fault Zones.Earthquake,32(1):1-16(in Chinese).
Zhao,X.L.,Deng,Q.D.,Chen,S.F.,1994.Tectonic Geomorphology of the Minshan Uplift in Western Sichuan,Southwestern China.Seismology and Geology,16(4):429 -439(in Chinese).
Zhou,R.J.,Pu,X.H.,He,Y.L.,et a1.,2000.Recent Activity of Minjiang Fault Zone,Uplift of Minshan Block and Their Relationship with Seismicity of Sichuan.Seismology and Geology,22(3):285-294(in Chinese with English abstract).
邓起东,于贵华,叶文华.1992.地震地表破裂参数与震级关系的研究.见:国家地震局地质研究所编.活动断裂研究(2).北京:地震出版社,247-264.
丁国瑜,1982.古地震标志问题.见:中国地震学会地震地质专业委员会编.中国活动断裂研究(3).北京:地震出版社,276-281.
付俊东,任金卫,张军龙,等,2011.东昆仑断裂东段下热尔断裂活动特征初步研究.中国地震,27(3):248-259.
付俊东,任金卫,张军龙,等,2012.东昆仑断裂东段塔藏断裂晚第四纪古地震研究.第四纪研究,32(3):473-483.
刘静,徐锡伟,李岩峰,等,2007.以海原断裂甘肃老虎山段为例浅析走滑断裂古地震记录的完整性——兼论古地震研究中的若干问题.地质通报,26(6):650-660.
毛凤英,张培震,1995.古地震研究的逐次限定法与新疆北部主要断裂带的古地震研究.见:国家地震局地质研究所编.活动断裂研究(4).北京:地震出版社,153-164.
冉勇康,邓起东,1999.古地震学研究的历史、现状和发展趋势.科学通报,44(1):12-20.
张军龙,陈长云,胡朝忠,等,2010.玉树Ms 7.1地震地表破裂带及其同震位移分布.地震,30(3):1-12.
张军龙,任金卫,付俊东,等,2012.东昆仑断裂带东部塔藏断裂地震地表破裂特征及其构造意义.地震,32(1):1-16.
赵小麟,邓起东,陈社发,1994.岷山隆起的构造地貌学研究.地震地质,16(4):429-439.
周荣军,蒲晓虹,何玉林,等,2000.四川岷江断裂带北段的新活动、岷山断块的隆起及其与地震活动的关系.地震地质,22(3):285-294.
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