地震趋势异常识别技术及其在碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层预测中的应用——以塔里木盆地英买2井区为例
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摘要
针对碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层,特别是杂乱弱振幅反射特征的储层预测难度较大。在对地震反射波形成机理分析的基础上,提出了地震趋势异常识别碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层的新方法。该方法利用趋势面分析技术,近似求取地层界面反射波,根据波的叠加原理,有效分解出缝洞型储层的地震响应,达到对缝洞型储层有效预测的目的。地震趋势异常技术不但能识别"串珠"状地震反射所代表的储层,同时可有效识别"杂乱"状弱振幅地震反射所代表的储层,这一新方法补充了缝洞型储层预测的方法,为井位部署提供依据,在实际应用中效果良好。
As for carbonate fractured-cavity reservoirs,especially for those characterized by chaotic weak reflection,it is very difficult to make a reservoir prediction.Based on analyzing formation mechanism of seismic reflection,a new method to recognize carbonate fractured-cavity reservoirs by using seismic trend anomaly was proposed.This method uses a technique of trend surface analysis to approximately obtain the interface reflection wave,effectively decomposes seismic reflection of fractured-cavity reservoirs according to principles of wave superposition,and finally predicts fractured-cavity carbonate reservoirs efficiently.The technique can not only recognize reservoirs represented by "beadlike" seismic reflection but also those by "chaotic" seismic reflection with weak amplitude.The method has produced good effects in practical application,such as providing a significant reference value for the geometric arrangement of wells and complementing the prediction of fractured-cavity reservoirs in the carbonate area of Tarim Basin.
As for carbonate fractured-cavity reservoirs,especially for those characterized by chaotic weak reflection,it is very difficult to make a reservoir prediction.Based on analyzing formation mechanism of seismic reflection,a new method to recognize carbonate fractured-cavity reservoirs by using seismic trend anomaly was proposed.This method uses a technique of trend surface analysis to approximately obtain the interface reflection wave,effectively decomposes seismic reflection of fractured-cavity reservoirs according to principles of wave superposition,and finally predicts fractured-cavity carbonate reservoirs efficiently.The technique can not only recognize reservoirs represented by "beadlike" seismic reflection but also those by "chaotic" seismic reflection with weak amplitude.The method has produced good effects in practical application,such as providing a significant reference value for the geometric arrangement of wells and complementing the prediction of fractured-cavity reservoirs in the carbonate area of Tarim Basin.
引文
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[14]胡中平.溶洞地震波"串珠状"形成机理及识别方法[J].中国西部油气地质,2006,2(4):423-426.Hu Zhongping.Mechanism and distinction method for the seismic"String Beads"characteristic[J].West China Petroleum Geoscience,2006,2(4):423-426.
[15]孙东,潘建国,潘文庆,等.塔中地区碳酸盐岩溶洞储层体积定量化正演模拟[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(6):871-882.Sun Dong,Pan Jianguo,Pan Wenqing,et al.Quantitative forwardmodelling of cavity volume in carbonate reservoirs in Tazhong area[J].Oil&Gas geology,2010,31(6):871-882.
[16]吴俊峰,姚姚,撒利明.碳酸盐岩特殊孔洞型构造地震响应特征分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(2):180-185.Wu Junfeng,Yao Yao,Sa Liming.Analysis on seismic response of special cavernous structure of carbonate[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(2):180-185.
[17]刘伟.洞穴型碳酸盐岩储层识别及预测技术[J].中外能源,2010,15(3):49-52.Liu Wei.Identification and prediction technology for cavernous carbonate reservoir[J].Sino-Global Energy,2010,15(3):49-52.
[18]刘建新.裂缝储层预测技术优选--以塔北地区奥陶系为例[J].海相油气地质,2010,15(3):65-69.Liu Jianxin.Technique optimum of prediction to fractured reservoirs:an example of Ordovician fractured reservoirs in Tabei region,Tarin Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2010,15(3):65-69.
[19]师永民,陈广坡,潘建国,等.储层综合预测技术在塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩中的应用[J].天然气工业,2004,24(12):51-53.Shi Yongmin,Chen Guangpo,Pan Jianguo,et al.Application of comprehensive reservoir prediction techniques to the carbonate rocks in Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2004,24(12):51-53.
[20]袁国芬.塔河油田碳酸盐岩储层地球物理响应特征[J].石油物探,2003,42(3):318-321.Yuan Guofen.The geophysical characteristics of carbonate reservoirs in Tahe oilfield,Tarim Basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2003,42(3):318-321.
[21]龙建东.缝洞型碳酸盐岩内部局域振幅横向差异性储层预测法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(1):58-61.Long Jiandong.Prediction of reservoir by laterally regional amplitude difference for fractured carbonate[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2003,38(1):58-61.
[22]孟祥霞,姚清洲,刘建新,等.趋势面分析技术在塔北英买2井区断裂识别中的应用[J].新疆石油地质,2010,31(5):546-547.Meng Xiangxia,Yao Qingzhou,Liu Jianxin,et al.Application of trend-surface analysis to fault recognition in Yingmai-2well area in Tabei area,Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2010,31(5):546-547.
[23]相桂生,舒航.地质趋势面分析的新方法[J].阜新矿业学院学报:自然科学版,1996,15(4):414-417.Xiang Guisheng,Shu Hang.A new method of analysing geology trend surface[J].Journal of Fuxin Mining Institute:Natural Science,1996,15(4):414-417.
[24]路鹏,周荣福,王玫,等.基于趋势面分析的煤层空间分布特征研究[J].中州煤炭,2009(5):9-10.Lu Peng,Zhou Rongfu,Wang Mei,et al.Research on coal seams spatialdistribution features based on trend surface analysis[J].Zhongzhou Coal,2009(5):9-10.
[2]白国平.世界碳酸盐岩大油气田分布特征[J].古地理学报,2006,8(2):241-250.Bai Guoping.Distribution patterns of giant carbonate fields in theworld[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2006,8(2):241-250.
[3]范嘉松.世界碳酸盐岩油气田的储层特征及其成藏的主要控制因素[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):23-30.Fan Jiasong.Characteristics of carbonate reservoirs for oil andgas fields in the world and essential controlling factors for theirformation[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12(3):23-30.
[4]阎相宾.塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2002,23(3):262-265.Yan Xiangbin.Characteristics of Ordovician carbonate rock reservoirsin Tahe oilfield[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2002,23(3):262-265.
[5]韩革华,漆立新,李宗杰,等.塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层预测技术[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(6):860-870.Han Gehua,Qi Lixin,Li Zongjie,et al.Prediction of the Ordovi-cian fractured vuggy carbonate reservoirs in Tahe oilfield[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2006,27(6):860-870.
[6]王士敏,鲁新便.塔河油田碳酸盐岩储层预测技术[J].石油物探,2004,43(2);153-158.Wang Shimin,Lu Xinbian.Prediction techniques for deep Car-bonate reservoir in Tahe oilfield[J].Geophysical Prospecting forPetroleum,2004,43(2);153-158.
[7]肖玉茹,何峰煜,孙义梅.古洞穴型碳酸盐岩储层特征研究——以塔河油田奥陶系古洞穴为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2003,24(1):75-80.Xiao Yuru,He Fengyu,Sun Yimei.Reservoir characteristics of paleocave carbonates:a case study of Ordovician paleocave in Tahe oilfield,Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2003,24(1):75-80.
[8]库丽曼,刘树根,徐国强,等.和田古隆起区下古生界碳酸盐岩储层特征[J].天然气工业,2004,24(6):25-29.Ku Liman,Liu Shugen,Xu Guoqiang,et al.Lower paleozoic carbonate rock reservoirs Characteristics of Hetian paleouplift area[J].Natural Gas Industry,2004,24(6):25-29.
[9]倪新锋,王招明,杨海军,等.塔北地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层岩溶作用[J].油气地质与采收率,2010,17(5):11-16.Ni Xinfeng,Wang Zhaoming,Yang Haijun,et al.Formation mechanism of Ordovician carbonate karst reservoir in the northern Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2010,17(5):11-16.
[10]刘立峰,孙赞东,杨海军.缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层地震综合预测--以塔里木盆地中古21井区为例[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2011,42(6):1731-1737.Liu Lifeng,Sun Zandong,Yang Haijun.Seismic integrative prediction of fracture-cavity carbonate reservoir:taking ZG21well area in Tarim Basin as an example[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2011,42(6):1731-1737.
[11]温志新,王红漫,漆立新,等.塔河油田奥陶系缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层预测研究[J].地学前缘,2008,15(1):94-100.Wen Zhixin,Wang Hongman,Qi Lixin,et al.Research on the prediction of Ordovician carbonatite reservoir of fissure-cave type in the Tahe oilfield[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(1):94-100.
[12]王世星,曹辉兰,靳文芳,等.碳酸盐岩缝洞系统地震响应特征分析和塔中卡1区缝洞储层预测[J].石油物探,2005,44(5):421-427.Wang Shixing,Cao Huilan,Jin Wenfang,et al.Seismic response and prediction of fracture-cavity system in carbonate reservoir:a case study in the Ka-1field[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2005,44(5):421-427.
[13]Eberli G P,Masaferro J L.Sesimic imaging of carbonate reservoirs and systems[R].AAPG Memoir81,2004.
[14]胡中平.溶洞地震波"串珠状"形成机理及识别方法[J].中国西部油气地质,2006,2(4):423-426.Hu Zhongping.Mechanism and distinction method for the seismic"String Beads"characteristic[J].West China Petroleum Geoscience,2006,2(4):423-426.
[15]孙东,潘建国,潘文庆,等.塔中地区碳酸盐岩溶洞储层体积定量化正演模拟[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(6):871-882.Sun Dong,Pan Jianguo,Pan Wenqing,et al.Quantitative forwardmodelling of cavity volume in carbonate reservoirs in Tazhong area[J].Oil&Gas geology,2010,31(6):871-882.
[16]吴俊峰,姚姚,撒利明.碳酸盐岩特殊孔洞型构造地震响应特征分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(2):180-185.Wu Junfeng,Yao Yao,Sa Liming.Analysis on seismic response of special cavernous structure of carbonate[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(2):180-185.
[17]刘伟.洞穴型碳酸盐岩储层识别及预测技术[J].中外能源,2010,15(3):49-52.Liu Wei.Identification and prediction technology for cavernous carbonate reservoir[J].Sino-Global Energy,2010,15(3):49-52.
[18]刘建新.裂缝储层预测技术优选--以塔北地区奥陶系为例[J].海相油气地质,2010,15(3):65-69.Liu Jianxin.Technique optimum of prediction to fractured reservoirs:an example of Ordovician fractured reservoirs in Tabei region,Tarin Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2010,15(3):65-69.
[19]师永民,陈广坡,潘建国,等.储层综合预测技术在塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩中的应用[J].天然气工业,2004,24(12):51-53.Shi Yongmin,Chen Guangpo,Pan Jianguo,et al.Application of comprehensive reservoir prediction techniques to the carbonate rocks in Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2004,24(12):51-53.
[20]袁国芬.塔河油田碳酸盐岩储层地球物理响应特征[J].石油物探,2003,42(3):318-321.Yuan Guofen.The geophysical characteristics of carbonate reservoirs in Tahe oilfield,Tarim Basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2003,42(3):318-321.
[21]龙建东.缝洞型碳酸盐岩内部局域振幅横向差异性储层预测法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(1):58-61.Long Jiandong.Prediction of reservoir by laterally regional amplitude difference for fractured carbonate[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2003,38(1):58-61.
[22]孟祥霞,姚清洲,刘建新,等.趋势面分析技术在塔北英买2井区断裂识别中的应用[J].新疆石油地质,2010,31(5):546-547.Meng Xiangxia,Yao Qingzhou,Liu Jianxin,et al.Application of trend-surface analysis to fault recognition in Yingmai-2well area in Tabei area,Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2010,31(5):546-547.
[23]相桂生,舒航.地质趋势面分析的新方法[J].阜新矿业学院学报:自然科学版,1996,15(4):414-417.Xiang Guisheng,Shu Hang.A new method of analysing geology trend surface[J].Journal of Fuxin Mining Institute:Natural Science,1996,15(4):414-417.
[24]路鹏,周荣福,王玫,等.基于趋势面分析的煤层空间分布特征研究[J].中州煤炭,2009(5):9-10.Lu Peng,Zhou Rongfu,Wang Mei,et al.Research on coal seams spatialdistribution features based on trend surface analysis[J].Zhongzhou Coal,2009(5):9-10.
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