2010年4月14日玉树M_S7.1地震对余震的触发研究
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摘要
研究了2010年4月14日青海玉树7.1级地震产生的静态库仑破裂应力变化对余震及区域地震活动空间分布的影响。在考虑震源区附近区域构造应力场的基础上,由震源区构造应力和主震破裂产生的应力叠加,计算得到最容易破裂的余震断层面,进而计算玉树主震在上述余震断层面上产生的库仑破裂静态应力变化。结果表明,库仑应力变化图像与余震分布较为吻合,说明玉树主震对大部分余震有触发作用。利用相同方法计算了玉树主震对周边更大范围内地震的应力触发影响,发现大部分区域地震活动空间分布与库仑应力变化图像基本一致,中小地震大多发生在正向触发区域,但量值较小。对余震断层面与主震完全一致的情形进行了同样的计算,与前述方法计算结果的对比显示,考虑区域应力场的计算方式所得库仑破裂应力变化图像,能够更好地与余震及区域中小地震空间分布图像相吻合。
This paper calculates the static stress changes generated by the Yushu MS7.1 earthquake in Qinghai Province.On the basis of regional stress,we take into account the static stress change triggered by the Yushu MS7.1 earthquake to find the optional fault plane.We then calculate the coulomb stress changes on the optional fault.The results indicate that most of aftershocks are triggered by the main shock.The image of the coulomb stress changes is also in accord with regional earthquakes(ML≥3.0) distribution,but the value is lower than 0.01MPa.In addition,this paper calculates the coulomb stress changes of the aftershock fault planes same as the mainshock.The comparison with the results in the previous calculation shows that the image of coulomb stress changes obtained by using "optional fault" method is more consistent with the distribution of Yushu aftershocks and regional earthquakes.
This paper calculates the static stress changes generated by the Yushu MS7.1 earthquake in Qinghai Province.On the basis of regional stress,we take into account the static stress change triggered by the Yushu MS7.1 earthquake to find the optional fault plane.We then calculate the coulomb stress changes on the optional fault.The results indicate that most of aftershocks are triggered by the main shock.The image of the coulomb stress changes is also in accord with regional earthquakes(ML≥3.0) distribution,but the value is lower than 0.01MPa.In addition,this paper calculates the coulomb stress changes of the aftershock fault planes same as the mainshock.The comparison with the results in the previous calculation shows that the image of coulomb stress changes obtained by using "optional fault" method is more consistent with the distribution of Yushu aftershocks and regional earthquakes.
引文
邓起东、张培震、冉勇康等,2002,中国活动构造基本特征,中国科学D辑:地球科学,32(12),1020～1030。
韩竹军、董绍鹏、谢富仁等,2008,南北地震带北部5次(1561～1920年)M≥7级地震触发关系研究,地球物理学报,51(6),1776～1784。
郝金来,2011,2011年3月11日日本东北沿海地震与2010年4月14日玉树地震震源过程研究,博士学位论文,北京:中国科学院研究生院。
李闽峰、邢成起、蔡长星等,1995,玉树断裂活动性研究,地震地质,17(3),218～224。
刘桂萍、傅征祥,2000,1976年7月28日唐山7.8级地震触发的区域地震活动和静应力场变化,地震学报,22(5),17～26。
万永革、沈正康、曾跃华等,2008,唐山地震序列应力触发的粘弹性力学模型研究,地震学报,30(6),581～593。
闻学泽、徐锡伟、郑荣章等,2003,甘孜-玉树断裂的平均滑动速率与近代大地震破裂,中国科学D辑:地球科学,33(4),199～208。
许忠淮、汪素云、黄雨蕊等,1987,由多个小震推断的青甘和川滇地区地壳应力场的方向特征,地球物理学报,30(5),476～486。
张勇、许力生、陈运泰,2010,2010年青海玉树地震震源过程,中国科学D辑,地球科学,40(7),819～921。
周荣军、闻学泽、蔡长星等,1997,甘孜-玉树断裂带的近代地震与未来地震趋势估计,地震地质,19(2),115～124。
Brace W,Kohlstedt D,1980,Limits on lithospheric stress imposed by laboratory experiments,J Geophys Res,85(B11),6248～6252.
Byerlee J D,1968,Brittle-ductile transition in rocks,J Geophys Res,73,4741～4750.
Das S,Scholz C,1981,Off-fault aftershock clusters caused by shear stress increase,Bull Seism Soc Amer,71,1669～1675.
Hardebeck J L,Nazarech J J,Hauksson E,1998,The static stress changes triggering model:Constraints from two southern Californiaaftershock sequences,J Geophys Res,103,24427～24437.
Harris R A,1998,Introduction to special section:Stress triggers.stress shadows,and implications for seismic hazard,J GeophysRes,103,24347～24358.
Jaeger J C,Cook N G W,1976,Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics,585,New York:John Wiley.
King G C P,Stein R S,Lin J,1994,Static stress changes and the triggering of earthquakes,Bull Seismol Soc Am,84,935～953.
Lin J,Stein R S,2004,Stress triggering in thrust and subduction earthquakes,and stress interaction between the southern SanAndreas and nearby thrust and strike-slip faults,J Geophys Res,109,B02303.
Okada Y,1992,1ntemal deformation due to shear an d tensile faults in a half-space,Bull Seism Soc Amer,82,1018～1040.
Reasenberg P A,Simpson R W,1992,Response of regional seismicity to the static stress change produced by the Loma Prietaearthquake,Science,255,1687～1690.
Rice J R,1992,Fault stress states,pore pressure distribution,and the weakness of the San Andreas fault,In:Evans B,Wong TFeds,Fault M echanics and Transport Properties of Rock,475～503,London:Academic Press.
Stein R S,1999,The role of stress transfer in earthquake occurrence,Nature,402,605～609.
Stein R S,King G C P,Lin J,1992,Change in failure stress on the southern San Andreas fault system caused by the1992magnitude=7.4Landers earthquake,Science,258,1328～1332.
Stein R S,King G C P,Lin J,1994,Stress triggering of the1994M=6.7Northridge,California,earthquake by its predecessors,Science,265(5177),1432～1435.
Toda S,Stein R S,Richards D K,et al,2005,Forecasting the evolution of seismicity in southern California:Animations built onearthquake stress transfer,J Geophys Res,111,B05S16,doi:10.1029/2004JB003415,2005.
韩竹军、董绍鹏、谢富仁等,2008,南北地震带北部5次(1561～1920年)M≥7级地震触发关系研究,地球物理学报,51(6),1776～1784。
郝金来,2011,2011年3月11日日本东北沿海地震与2010年4月14日玉树地震震源过程研究,博士学位论文,北京:中国科学院研究生院。
李闽峰、邢成起、蔡长星等,1995,玉树断裂活动性研究,地震地质,17(3),218～224。
刘桂萍、傅征祥,2000,1976年7月28日唐山7.8级地震触发的区域地震活动和静应力场变化,地震学报,22(5),17～26。
万永革、沈正康、曾跃华等,2008,唐山地震序列应力触发的粘弹性力学模型研究,地震学报,30(6),581～593。
闻学泽、徐锡伟、郑荣章等,2003,甘孜-玉树断裂的平均滑动速率与近代大地震破裂,中国科学D辑:地球科学,33(4),199～208。
许忠淮、汪素云、黄雨蕊等,1987,由多个小震推断的青甘和川滇地区地壳应力场的方向特征,地球物理学报,30(5),476～486。
张勇、许力生、陈运泰,2010,2010年青海玉树地震震源过程,中国科学D辑,地球科学,40(7),819～921。
周荣军、闻学泽、蔡长星等,1997,甘孜-玉树断裂带的近代地震与未来地震趋势估计,地震地质,19(2),115～124。
Brace W,Kohlstedt D,1980,Limits on lithospheric stress imposed by laboratory experiments,J Geophys Res,85(B11),6248～6252.
Byerlee J D,1968,Brittle-ductile transition in rocks,J Geophys Res,73,4741～4750.
Das S,Scholz C,1981,Off-fault aftershock clusters caused by shear stress increase,Bull Seism Soc Amer,71,1669～1675.
Hardebeck J L,Nazarech J J,Hauksson E,1998,The static stress changes triggering model:Constraints from two southern Californiaaftershock sequences,J Geophys Res,103,24427～24437.
Harris R A,1998,Introduction to special section:Stress triggers.stress shadows,and implications for seismic hazard,J GeophysRes,103,24347～24358.
Jaeger J C,Cook N G W,1976,Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics,585,New York:John Wiley.
King G C P,Stein R S,Lin J,1994,Static stress changes and the triggering of earthquakes,Bull Seismol Soc Am,84,935～953.
Lin J,Stein R S,2004,Stress triggering in thrust and subduction earthquakes,and stress interaction between the southern SanAndreas and nearby thrust and strike-slip faults,J Geophys Res,109,B02303.
Okada Y,1992,1ntemal deformation due to shear an d tensile faults in a half-space,Bull Seism Soc Amer,82,1018～1040.
Reasenberg P A,Simpson R W,1992,Response of regional seismicity to the static stress change produced by the Loma Prietaearthquake,Science,255,1687～1690.
Rice J R,1992,Fault stress states,pore pressure distribution,and the weakness of the San Andreas fault,In:Evans B,Wong TFeds,Fault M echanics and Transport Properties of Rock,475～503,London:Academic Press.
Stein R S,1999,The role of stress transfer in earthquake occurrence,Nature,402,605～609.
Stein R S,King G C P,Lin J,1992,Change in failure stress on the southern San Andreas fault system caused by the1992magnitude=7.4Landers earthquake,Science,258,1328～1332.
Stein R S,King G C P,Lin J,1994,Stress triggering of the1994M=6.7Northridge,California,earthquake by its predecessors,Science,265(5177),1432～1435.
Toda S,Stein R S,Richards D K,et al,2005,Forecasting the evolution of seismicity in southern California:Animations built onearthquake stress transfer,J Geophys Res,111,B05S16,doi:10.1029/2004JB003415,2005.
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