地震沉积学研究方法和歧口凹陷沙河街组沙一段实例分析
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摘要
地震沉积学是当今国际沉积学研究热点,在薄层砂体勘探开发中已发挥了重要作用。本文根据地震沉积学的基本原理和陆相沉积盆地的研究实践,提出了适合中国陆相沉积盆地薄层砂体识别预测的地震沉积学研究流程,即在高频层序地层格架中,通过90度相位转换、分频处理、优选属性并开展地层切片、岩心刻度地层属性切片、识别薄层砂体、确定沉积体系类型和演化、预测岩性圈闭等工作。同时,以黄骅坳陷歧口凹陷沙河街组沉积体系和砂体预测为研究实例,开展地震沉积学研究,明确了沙河街组沙一段三角洲沉积体系及其演化,预测了有利岩性油气圈闭勘探地区。
Seismic sedimentology has aroused much attention among geologies both in China and abroad in that it plays an important role in the exploration and production of thin reservoirs. According to the theory of seismic sedimentology and practices in continental basins, this paper puts forward a program of seismic sedimentology suitable for China’s continental basins with lots of thin sand bodies: first, the high resolution sequence framework is built up and seismic data are converted to 90°phase, then seismic processing within different frequencies and stratal slicing with different seismic attributes were conducted, lithologies in cores are correlated with stratal slicing, thin sand bodies are determined in plane with seismic geomorphology so as to define depositional systems and their evolutions, and lastly, the favorable lithological traps are predicted. With the Shahejie Formation of Qikou depression as the studied object of seismic sedimentology, the authors determined the distribution of delta of Shahejie Formation in Qikou depression and forecasted the regions of beneficial lithologic traps.
Seismic sedimentology has aroused much attention among geologies both in China and abroad in that it plays an important role in the exploration and production of thin reservoirs. According to the theory of seismic sedimentology and practices in continental basins, this paper puts forward a program of seismic sedimentology suitable for China’s continental basins with lots of thin sand bodies: first, the high resolution sequence framework is built up and seismic data are converted to 90°phase, then seismic processing within different frequencies and stratal slicing with different seismic attributes were conducted, lithologies in cores are correlated with stratal slicing, thin sand bodies are determined in plane with seismic geomorphology so as to define depositional systems and their evolutions, and lastly, the favorable lithological traps are predicted. With the Shahejie Formation of Qikou depression as the studied object of seismic sedimentology, the authors determined the distribution of delta of Shahejie Formation in Qikou depression and forecasted the regions of beneficial lithologic traps.
引文
[1]Zeng Hongliu,Backus M M,Barrow K T,et al.Stratal slicing:Part I.Realistic3-D seismic model[J]:Geophysics,1998,63(2):502-513.
[2]Zeng Hongliu,Henry S C,Riola J P.Stratal slicing,part II:Real3-D seismic data:Geophysics,1998,63(2):514-522.
[3]Zeng Hongliu,Hentz T F,Wood L J.Stratal slicing of Miocene-Pliocene sediments in Vermilion Block50-Tiger Shoal area,Offshore Louisina[J].The Leading Edge,2001,20(4):408-418
[4]Zeng Hongliu.From Seismic Stratigraphy to Seismic Sedimentology:A Sensible Transition.Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions,2001,LI:413-420.
[5]Carter D C.3-D seismic geomorphology:Insights into fluvial reservoir deposition and performance,Widuri field,Java Sea[J].AAPG Bulletin,2003,87(6):909-934.
[6]Posamentier H W,Kolla V.Seismic geomorphology and stratigraphy of depositional elements in deep-water settings[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research.2003,73(3):367-388.
[7]Neuhaus D,Borgomano J,Jauffred J C.Quantitive Seismic Reservoir Characterization of an Oligocene-Miocene Carbonate Buildup:Malampaya Field,Philppines.Seismic Iamging of Carbonate Reservoirs and System,2004,AAPG Memoir81:169-183.
[8]Zeng Hongliu,Backus M M.Interpretive advantages of90°-phase wavelets:Part2-Seismic applications[J].Geophysics,2005,70(3):17-24.
[9]Posamentier H W,Wood L J.Seismic Geomorphology-Applications to Hydrocarbon Exploration and Production.London:The Geological Society,2007:1-263.
[10]Wood L J,Kristine L.Quantitative seismic geomorphology of a Quaternary levee-channel system,offshore eastern Trinidad and Tobago,northeastern south America[J].AAPG Bulletin,2009,93(1):101-125.
[11]Hubbard S M,Smith D G.,Nielsen H.Seismic geomorphology and sedimentology of a tidally influenced river deposit,Lower Cretaceous Athabasca oil sands,Alberta,Canada[J].AAPG Bulletin,2011,95(7):1123-1145.
[12]Zeng Hongliu,Loucks R,Janson X.Three-dimensional seismic geomorphology and analysis of the Ordovician paleokarst drainage system in the central Tabei Uplift,northern Tarim Basin,western China[J].AAPG Bulletin,2011,95(12):2061-2083.
[13]林承焰,张宪国,董春梅.地震沉积学及其初步应用[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):69-71.Lin Chengyan,Zhang Xianguo,Dong Chunmei.Concept of seismic sedimentology and its preliminary application.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(2):69-71(in Chinese with English abstract).
[14]董艳蕾,朱筱敏,曾洪流,等.黄骅坳陷歧南凹陷古近系沙一层序地震沉积学研究[J].沉积学报,2008,26(2):234-240.Dong Yanlei,Zhu Xiaomin,Zeng Hongliu.Seismic Sedimentology Study on Shayi Sequence in Qinan Sag,Huanghua Depression[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica.2008,26(2):234-240(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]张义娜,朱筱敏,刘长利.地震沉积学及其在中亚南部地区的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(1):74-79.Yina Zhang,Xiaomin Zhu,Changli Liu,Seismic sedimentology and its application in south of Central Asia[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development[J],2009,36(1):74-79(in Chinese with English abstract).
[16]朱筱敏,刘长利,张义娜,等.地震沉积学在陆相湖盆三角洲砂体预测中的应用[J].沉积学报,2009,27(5):915-921.Zhu Xiaomin,Liu Changli,Zhang Yina,et al.On seismic sedimentology of lacustrine deltaic depositional systems[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2009,27(5):915-921(in Chinese with English abstract).
[17]朱筱敏,董艳蕾,胡廷惠,等.精细层序地层格架与地震沉积学研究——以泌阳凹陷核桃园组为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(4):615-624.Zhu Xiaomin,Dong Yanlei,Hu Tinghui,et al.Seismic sedimentology study of fine sequence stratigraphic framework:a case study of the Hetaoyuan Formation in the Biyang Sag[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2011,32(4):615-624(in Chinese with English abstract).
[18]曾洪流,朱筱敏,朱如凯,等.陆相坳陷型盆地地震沉积学研究规范[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(3):275-284.Zeng Hongliu,Zhu Xiaomin,Zhu Rukai,et al.Guidelines for seismic sedimentologic study in non-marine post rift basins[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(3):275-284(in Chinese with English abstract).
[19]朱筱敏,曾洪流,董艳蕾(译),地震沉积学,北京:石油工业出版社,2011.Zhu Xiaomin,Zeng Hongliu,Dong Yanlei(translator).Seismic Sedimentology[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011(in Chinese).
[20]朱筱敏.层序地层学,东营:石油大学出版社,2000.Zhu Xiaomin.Sequence Stratigraphy[M].Dongying:University of Petroleum Press,2000(in Chinese).
[2]Zeng Hongliu,Henry S C,Riola J P.Stratal slicing,part II:Real3-D seismic data:Geophysics,1998,63(2):514-522.
[3]Zeng Hongliu,Hentz T F,Wood L J.Stratal slicing of Miocene-Pliocene sediments in Vermilion Block50-Tiger Shoal area,Offshore Louisina[J].The Leading Edge,2001,20(4):408-418
[4]Zeng Hongliu.From Seismic Stratigraphy to Seismic Sedimentology:A Sensible Transition.Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions,2001,LI:413-420.
[5]Carter D C.3-D seismic geomorphology:Insights into fluvial reservoir deposition and performance,Widuri field,Java Sea[J].AAPG Bulletin,2003,87(6):909-934.
[6]Posamentier H W,Kolla V.Seismic geomorphology and stratigraphy of depositional elements in deep-water settings[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research.2003,73(3):367-388.
[7]Neuhaus D,Borgomano J,Jauffred J C.Quantitive Seismic Reservoir Characterization of an Oligocene-Miocene Carbonate Buildup:Malampaya Field,Philppines.Seismic Iamging of Carbonate Reservoirs and System,2004,AAPG Memoir81:169-183.
[8]Zeng Hongliu,Backus M M.Interpretive advantages of90°-phase wavelets:Part2-Seismic applications[J].Geophysics,2005,70(3):17-24.
[9]Posamentier H W,Wood L J.Seismic Geomorphology-Applications to Hydrocarbon Exploration and Production.London:The Geological Society,2007:1-263.
[10]Wood L J,Kristine L.Quantitative seismic geomorphology of a Quaternary levee-channel system,offshore eastern Trinidad and Tobago,northeastern south America[J].AAPG Bulletin,2009,93(1):101-125.
[11]Hubbard S M,Smith D G.,Nielsen H.Seismic geomorphology and sedimentology of a tidally influenced river deposit,Lower Cretaceous Athabasca oil sands,Alberta,Canada[J].AAPG Bulletin,2011,95(7):1123-1145.
[12]Zeng Hongliu,Loucks R,Janson X.Three-dimensional seismic geomorphology and analysis of the Ordovician paleokarst drainage system in the central Tabei Uplift,northern Tarim Basin,western China[J].AAPG Bulletin,2011,95(12):2061-2083.
[13]林承焰,张宪国,董春梅.地震沉积学及其初步应用[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):69-71.Lin Chengyan,Zhang Xianguo,Dong Chunmei.Concept of seismic sedimentology and its preliminary application.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(2):69-71(in Chinese with English abstract).
[14]董艳蕾,朱筱敏,曾洪流,等.黄骅坳陷歧南凹陷古近系沙一层序地震沉积学研究[J].沉积学报,2008,26(2):234-240.Dong Yanlei,Zhu Xiaomin,Zeng Hongliu.Seismic Sedimentology Study on Shayi Sequence in Qinan Sag,Huanghua Depression[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica.2008,26(2):234-240(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]张义娜,朱筱敏,刘长利.地震沉积学及其在中亚南部地区的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(1):74-79.Yina Zhang,Xiaomin Zhu,Changli Liu,Seismic sedimentology and its application in south of Central Asia[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development[J],2009,36(1):74-79(in Chinese with English abstract).
[16]朱筱敏,刘长利,张义娜,等.地震沉积学在陆相湖盆三角洲砂体预测中的应用[J].沉积学报,2009,27(5):915-921.Zhu Xiaomin,Liu Changli,Zhang Yina,et al.On seismic sedimentology of lacustrine deltaic depositional systems[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2009,27(5):915-921(in Chinese with English abstract).
[17]朱筱敏,董艳蕾,胡廷惠,等.精细层序地层格架与地震沉积学研究——以泌阳凹陷核桃园组为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(4):615-624.Zhu Xiaomin,Dong Yanlei,Hu Tinghui,et al.Seismic sedimentology study of fine sequence stratigraphic framework:a case study of the Hetaoyuan Formation in the Biyang Sag[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2011,32(4):615-624(in Chinese with English abstract).
[18]曾洪流,朱筱敏,朱如凯,等.陆相坳陷型盆地地震沉积学研究规范[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(3):275-284.Zeng Hongliu,Zhu Xiaomin,Zhu Rukai,et al.Guidelines for seismic sedimentologic study in non-marine post rift basins[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(3):275-284(in Chinese with English abstract).
[19]朱筱敏,曾洪流,董艳蕾(译),地震沉积学,北京:石油工业出版社,2011.Zhu Xiaomin,Zeng Hongliu,Dong Yanlei(translator).Seismic Sedimentology[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011(in Chinese).
[20]朱筱敏.层序地层学,东营:石油大学出版社,2000.Zhu Xiaomin.Sequence Stratigraphy[M].Dongying:University of Petroleum Press,2000(in Chinese).
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