改善地震勘探记录的4项技术
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摘要
为改善地震勘探记录、提高信噪比,近年来提出了基于混沌理论的混沌振子滤波技术(CVM)、基于多道最小平方原理和CVM的时空域双曲滤波技术(HTDF)、基于时频分析和Wigner-Ville分布的时频峰值滤波技术(TFPF)以及基于独立分量分析(ICA)的多次波消减技术。用CVM技术可以在强随机噪声背景中确定同相轴的时空位置;HTDF是CVM的后续处理,使湮没在噪声中的同相轴显现出来。大量仿真实验和实际资料处理表明,TFPF技术可应用于消减地震记录中的随机噪声。基于ICA的多次波消减技术可确定输出信号的振幅和次序。上述4项技术若应用于实际资料,尚需要分别解决诸如计算时间、辅助性处理、因子振幅谱补频、变时窗技术、处理流程的系统工程等问题。
Recent years, to improve seismic prospecting records and increasing signal-to-noise ratio, some filtering techniques have been presented, such as the chaotic vibrator method (CVM) based on chaotic theory, the hyperbolic time-distance relation filtering (HTDF) based on the least-squares algorithm, the time-frequency peak filtering (TFPF) based on the time-frequency analysis and Wigner-Ville distribution, the technique decreasing multiples based on independent component analysis (ICA). The CVM is applied to ascertain the location of events with strong random noise. The HTDF is the processing technique following CVM to obtain a clear event recovery from the seismic prospecting records corrupted by random noise. Tests of these methods on both simulation experiments and practical seismic data processing show that the TFPF technique can successfully decrease the random noise. The technique to attenuation multiples based on ICA can differentiate the output signals. However, above four techniques have still some questions which require to be solved, such as the computation efficiency, the assistant processing, the supplement-frequency method of amplitude spectra of the filtering factors, the adapting time-window technique, the systematism of processing performance and so on. Above processing techniques are a part of theory and method in seismic data processing.
Recent years, to improve seismic prospecting records and increasing signal-to-noise ratio, some filtering techniques have been presented, such as the chaotic vibrator method (CVM) based on chaotic theory, the hyperbolic time-distance relation filtering (HTDF) based on the least-squares algorithm, the time-frequency peak filtering (TFPF) based on the time-frequency analysis and Wigner-Ville distribution, the technique decreasing multiples based on independent component analysis (ICA). The CVM is applied to ascertain the location of events with strong random noise. The HTDF is the processing technique following CVM to obtain a clear event recovery from the seismic prospecting records corrupted by random noise. Tests of these methods on both simulation experiments and practical seismic data processing show that the TFPF technique can successfully decrease the random noise. The technique to attenuation multiples based on ICA can differentiate the output signals. However, above four techniques have still some questions which require to be solved, such as the computation efficiency, the assistant processing, the supplement-frequency method of amplitude spectra of the filtering factors, the adapting time-window technique, the systematism of processing performance and so on. Above processing techniques are a part of theory and method in seismic data processing.
引文
[1]李月,杨宝俊.检测强噪声背景下周期信号的混沌系统[J].科学通报,2003,48(1):1920.LI Yue,YANG Bao-jun.Chaotic systemfor the detec-tion of periodic signals under the background of strong noise[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2003,48(5):508510.
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[11]刘秉正,彭建华.非线性动力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004.LI U Bing-zheng,PENG Jian-hua.Nonlinear dyna-mics[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2004.
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[13]李月,杨宝俊,赵雪平,等.检测地震勘探微弱同相轴的混沌振子算法[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(6):14281433.LI Yue,YANG Bao-jun,ZHAO Xue-ping,et al.An algorithmof chaotic vibrator to detect weak events in seismic prospecting records[J].Acta Geophysica Sin-ica,2005,48(6):14281433.
[14]李月.微弱周期信号的混沌振子检测[D].长春:吉林大学,2004.LI Yue.Chaotic vibrator detection of weak periodic signals[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2004.
[15]Christian B,Burkhard B.Esti mation of seismic ve-locities fromdeep reflection in theτ-pdomain[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,1999,155:279301.
[16]Sheriff R E.Encyclopedic dictionary of exploration geophysics.3rd ed[M].SEG:Geophysical references series1,USA,1994.
[17]Boashash B,Mesbah M.Signal enhancement by ti me-frequency pesk filtering[J].IEEE Trans Signal Processing,2004,52(4):929937.
[18]李月,郭华,唐方江,等.噪声通过混沌振子后统计特性的定性分析[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2002,32(3):287289.LI Yue,GUO Hua,TANG Fang-jiang,et al.The quallitative analysis of the statistical characteristics of the output noise fromchaotic oscillator[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2002,32(3):287289.
[2]金雷,李月,杨宝俊.用时频峰值滤波方法消减地震勘探资料中随机噪声的初步研究[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(3):724728.JIN Lei,LI Yue,YANG Bao-jun.Reduction of ran-dom noise for seismic data by ti me-frequency peakfil-tering[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(3):724728.
[3]陆文凯,骆毅,赵波,等.基于独立分量分析的多次波自适应相减技术[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5):886891.LU Wen-kai,LUO Yi,ZHAO Bo,et al.Adaptive multiple wave subtraction using independent compo-nent analysis[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,2004,47(5):886891.
[4]Duffing G.Erzwungene schwingungen bei veran-derlicher eigenfrequenz[M].Braunschweig:[s.n.],1918.
[5]Moon F C,Hol mes P J.A magnetoelastic strange at-tractor[J].J Sound Bib,1979,65(2):285296.
[6]Guckenhei mer J,Hol mes P J.Nonlinear oscillations,dynamical systems,and bifurcation of vector fields[M].New York:Springer-Verlag,1983.
[7]刘曾荣.混沌的微扰判据[M].上海:上海科技教育出版社,1994.LI U Zeng-rong.Perturbation criteria for chaos[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Scientific and Technological Edu-cation Publishing House,1994.
[8]刘式适,刘式达,谭本馗.非线性大气动力学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1996.LI U Shi-shi,LI U Shi-da,TAN Ben-kui.Nonlinear at mospheric dynamics[M].Beijing:The National De-fence Industrial Publishing House,1996.
[9]黄润生.混沌及其应用[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2000.HUANG Run-sheng.Chaos and its application[M].Wuhan:Wuhan University Press,2000.
[10]陈予恕,唐云,陆启韶,等.非线性动力学中的现代分析方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.CHEN Yu-shu,TANG Yun,LU Qi-shao,et al.Modern analytic method in nonlinear dynamics[M].Beijing:Science Press,2000.
[11]刘秉正,彭建华.非线性动力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004.LI U Bing-zheng,PENG Jian-hua.Nonlinear dyna-mics[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2004.
[12]LI Yue,YANG Bao-jun,DENG Xiao-ying,et al.Physical mechanism of the chaotic detection of the unknown frequency of weak harmonic signal and effects of damping ratio on the detection results[J].Chinese Physics,2004,13(9):13861390.
[13]李月,杨宝俊,赵雪平,等.检测地震勘探微弱同相轴的混沌振子算法[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(6):14281433.LI Yue,YANG Bao-jun,ZHAO Xue-ping,et al.An algorithmof chaotic vibrator to detect weak events in seismic prospecting records[J].Acta Geophysica Sin-ica,2005,48(6):14281433.
[14]李月.微弱周期信号的混沌振子检测[D].长春:吉林大学,2004.LI Yue.Chaotic vibrator detection of weak periodic signals[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2004.
[15]Christian B,Burkhard B.Esti mation of seismic ve-locities fromdeep reflection in theτ-pdomain[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,1999,155:279301.
[16]Sheriff R E.Encyclopedic dictionary of exploration geophysics.3rd ed[M].SEG:Geophysical references series1,USA,1994.
[17]Boashash B,Mesbah M.Signal enhancement by ti me-frequency pesk filtering[J].IEEE Trans Signal Processing,2004,52(4):929937.
[18]李月,郭华,唐方江,等.噪声通过混沌振子后统计特性的定性分析[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2002,32(3):287289.LI Yue,GUO Hua,TANG Fang-jiang,et al.The quallitative analysis of the statistical characteristics of the output noise fromchaotic oscillator[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2002,32(3):287289.
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