不同方向地震动作用下水平层状边坡动力响应特性
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摘要
在斜坡的动力响应分析中,地震动的激振方向是影响斜坡动力响应规律的主要因素之一。本文以"5·12"汶川地震灾区典型斜坡岩性及结构为模拟特征,通过对水平层状岩质斜坡开展振动台模型试验,探究地震动方向对斜坡动力响应规律的影响。以输入峰值加速度0.3 g的正弦波和天然波为例,着重对比分析斜坡模型在水平向、竖直向及合成向激振波作用下的加速度动力响应规律。研究结果表明:水平向上,在不同频率的地震动作用下,斜坡的中上部的加速度动力响应较之下部更为显著,X向地震动作用下斜坡的加速度动力响应沿高程呈较强的线性增大特征,而Z向地震动作用下斜坡的动力响应却表现出明显的非线性,且斜坡在合成向天然波作用下的响应规律表现出明显的P-Δ效应;竖直向上,Z向地震动作用下斜坡坡表和坡内的加速度响应值会随着频率的增加而不断减小,出现逐渐衰减和频散的现象。
In the slope dynamic response analysis,the seismic ground motion direction is one of the main factors affecting slope dynamic responses.This article takes the lithology and structure of typical slope in"5·12"Wenchuan Earthquake-stricken area as simulation characteristics,by carrying out the shaking table model test on the horizontal layered rock slope,explores the influence of seismic ground motion direction on the slope dynamic responses.Taking sine wave and natural wave with peak acceleration 0.3 g as an example,the article focuses on the acceleration responses in vertical and horizontal directions.The results show that,the acceleration responses of the upper part is more significant than the lower part under the action of seismic ground motion with different frequencies.The slope acceleration responses along the height is increased under the action of X seismic ground motion,but seismic responses of the slope show obvious nonlinear characteristics under the action of Z ground motion.The slope acceleration responses show obvious P-Δ effect under the action of synthetic natural ground motion.In the upright direction with the frequency increasing,the acceleration responses constantly decrease and appear gradually attenuation on the surface and in the interior of the slope.
In the slope dynamic response analysis,the seismic ground motion direction is one of the main factors affecting slope dynamic responses.This article takes the lithology and structure of typical slope in"5·12"Wenchuan Earthquake-stricken area as simulation characteristics,by carrying out the shaking table model test on the horizontal layered rock slope,explores the influence of seismic ground motion direction on the slope dynamic responses.Taking sine wave and natural wave with peak acceleration 0.3 g as an example,the article focuses on the acceleration responses in vertical and horizontal directions.The results show that,the acceleration responses of the upper part is more significant than the lower part under the action of seismic ground motion with different frequencies.The slope acceleration responses along the height is increased under the action of X seismic ground motion,but seismic responses of the slope show obvious nonlinear characteristics under the action of Z ground motion.The slope acceleration responses show obvious P-Δ effect under the action of synthetic natural ground motion.In the upright direction with the frequency increasing,the acceleration responses constantly decrease and appear gradually attenuation on the surface and in the interior of the slope.
引文
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[14]钟伟芳,聂国华.弹性散射波理论[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1997:137-197.ZHONG Weifang,NIE Guohua.Elastic scattering wave theory[M].Wuhan:Press of Huazhong University of Science and Technology,1997:137-197.(in Chinese)
[2]王存玉,王思敬.边坡模型振动实验研究[A].岩体工程地质力学问题(七)[M].中国科学院地质研究所主编.北京:科学出版社,1987.WANG Cunyu,WANG Sijing.Investigation on vibration tests of slope models[A].Rock engineering geological mechanics problems(seven)[M].Beijing:Science Press,1987.(in Chinese)
[3]祁生文,伍法权.边坡动力响规律研究[J].中国科学(E辑),2003,33(增1):28-40.QI Shengwen,WU Faquan.Study on dynamicresponses of slope[J].Science in China(Series E),2003,33(Supp 1):28-40.(in Chinese)
[4]黄润秋.汶川8.0级地震触发崩滑灾害机制及其地质力学模式[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(6):1239-1249.HUANG Runqiu.Mechanics and geomechanical modes of landslide hazards triggered by Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2009,28(6):1239-1249.(in Chinese)
[5]许强,黄润秋.“5.12”汶川大地震诱发大型崩滑灾害动力特征初探[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):721-729.XU Qiang,HUANG Runqiu.Kinetics charateristics of large landslides triggered by May 12th Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Ge-ology,2008,l6(6):721-729.(in Chinese)
[6]非明伦,樊跃新,崔建文,等.施甸5.9级地震震害与竖向地震力作用[J].地震研究,2003,26(3):292-298.FEI Minglun,FAN Yuexin,CUI Jianwen,et al.Earthquake damages for M5.9 Shidian earthquake and vertical earthquake force function[J].Jour-nal of Seismological Research,2003,26(3):292-298.(in Chinese)
[7]邹威,许强,刘汉香.强震作用下岩质斜坡动力响应特性的大型振动台试验方案设计[J].地震灾害与环境保护,2011,22(3):88-91.ZOU Wei,XU Qiang,LIU Hanxiang.Designing the model for testing the dynamic resongse of rock slopes[J].Journal of Geological Hazards andEnvironment Preservation,2011,22(3):88-91.(in Chinese)
[8]袁文忠.相似理论与静力学模型研究[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,1995:21-27.YUAN Wenzhong.Simulation theory and static model test[M].Chengdu:Southwest Jiao tong University Press,1995:21-27.(in Chinese)
[9]黄润秋,李为乐.“5.12”汶川大地震触发地质灾害的发育分布规律研究[J].岩土力学与工程地质学报,2008,27(12):2585～2592.HUANG Runqiu,LI Weile.Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May,2008[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(12):2585-2592.(in Chinese)
[10]谢洪,王士革,孔纪名.“5.12”汶川地震次生山地灾害的分布与特点[J].山地学报,2008,26(4):396-400.XIE Hong,WANG Shige,KONG Jiming.Distribution and characteristics of mountain hazards induced by the earthquake of May 12 in Wenchuan,in China[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2008,26(4):396-400.(in Chinese)
[11]吕西林,陈跃庆,陈波,等.结构-地基动力相互作用体系振动台模型试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(4):20-29.LU Xilin,CHEN Yueqing,CHEN Bo,et al.Soil structure dynamic interaction system by shaking table model test research[J].Journal of Earth-quake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2000,20(4):20-29.(in Chinese)
[12]胡聿贤.地震工程学[M].北京:地震出版社,2006:163-165.HU Yuxian.Earthquake Engineering[M].Beijing:Earthquake Publishing House,2006:163-165.(in Chinese)
[13]周剑,张路青,王学良.水平层状岩体边坡动力响应中的结构面效应研究[J].工程地质学报,2011/19(3):353-358.ZHOU Jian,ZHANG Luqing,WANG Xueliang.Effect of structural plane on dynamic response of rock slopes with horizontal strata[J].Journal ofEngineering Geology,2000,20(4):20-29.(in Chinese).
[14]钟伟芳,聂国华.弹性散射波理论[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1997:137-197.ZHONG Weifang,NIE Guohua.Elastic scattering wave theory[M].Wuhan:Press of Huazhong University of Science and Technology,1997:137-197.(in Chinese)
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