单道接收地震资料的室内组合方法
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摘要
为了压制规则干扰,突出有效信号,野外地震资料采集通常使用各种类型的检波器组合模式。但由于地震仪带道能力增强,排列长度加长,使地震有效波视速度在远道减小,并受到不同程度的检波器组合压制,尤其是对高频有效信号的压制更为严重。由于数字检波器采取单道接收,因此易于在室内实现接收道组合。与野外检波器组合相比,室内组合具有其独特的优势。文中根据野外检波器组合的特点,对同口工区数字检波器单道(5m道距)接收、室内组合的资料分析后认为:①不同干扰波在时间域及频率域有着不同的分布特征,小道距有利于干扰波的分离和压制,大道距使信、噪分离困难。②接收道组合必须满足最大空间采样条件,并考虑有效波道间时差的影响,在保证记录到的有效波品质不降低的情况下最大程度地压制干扰波;单纯靠检波器组合压制面波是不完善的,要综合考虑各种因素。③在进行接收道组合时,对资料要进行严格的去相干噪声处理、道间振幅和相位的差异调整以及道间时差的校正等。
In order to suppress the regular interference and improve the useful signal, the field seismic data acquisition usually uses a variety of geophone array pattern to receive seismic wave. Since increasing channel capability in seismogram and length of spread, the apparent velocities of seismic useful waves are reduced in the far-offset traces and suppressed in different degree by geophone array,even more serious for high-frequency useful signals. The digital geophone can use single trace for receiving in the field and indoor receiver array can be implemented. In comparison with field geophone array, indoor array has his distinctive advantages. Based on the characters of field geophone array, analysis of data of single digital geophone receiving (5m group interval) and indoor array in Tongkou work area, the paper considered: ①Different interference waves have different distribution features in time and frequency domains, small group interval is of advantage for separation and suppression of interference waves and large group interval is difficult to separate the signal from noise. ②The receiver array should meet the maximum space sampling condition and consider the influence of moveout of useful waves between the traces, and suppression of interference waves in maximum degree should be under the condition that the quality of received useful waves are not decreased; it is not complete that only relying to geophone array to suppress the ground waves,also should comprehensively consider various factors. ③When carrying out receiver array, such processing as eliminating coherent noises, adjustment of amplitudes and phases difference between traces,and moveout correction between traces should be strictly implemented for data
In order to suppress the regular interference and improve the useful signal, the field seismic data acquisition usually uses a variety of geophone array pattern to receive seismic wave. Since increasing channel capability in seismogram and length of spread, the apparent velocities of seismic useful waves are reduced in the far-offset traces and suppressed in different degree by geophone array,even more serious for high-frequency useful signals. The digital geophone can use single trace for receiving in the field and indoor receiver array can be implemented. In comparison with field geophone array, indoor array has his distinctive advantages. Based on the characters of field geophone array, analysis of data of single digital geophone receiving (5m group interval) and indoor array in Tongkou work area, the paper considered: ①Different interference waves have different distribution features in time and frequency domains, small group interval is of advantage for separation and suppression of interference waves and large group interval is difficult to separate the signal from noise. ②The receiver array should meet the maximum space sampling condition and consider the influence of moveout of useful waves between the traces, and suppression of interference waves in maximum degree should be under the condition that the quality of received useful waves are not decreased; it is not complete that only relying to geophone array to suppress the ground waves,also should comprehensively consider various factors. ③When carrying out receiver array, such processing as eliminating coherent noises, adjustment of amplitudes and phases difference between traces,and moveout correction between traces should be strictly implemented for data
引文
[1] 陆基孟.地震勘探原理.山东东营:石油大学出版社,1990
[2] 伊尔马滋.地震数据处理.北京:石油工业出版社,1994
[3] 何樵登.地震勘探原理和方法.北京:地质出版社,1986
[4] 梁运基,立桂林.陆上高分辨率地震勘探检波器性能及参数选择分析.石油物探,2005,44(6):640~644
[5] 罗福龙,易碧金.地震检波器技术及应用.物探装备,2005,15(1):6~14
[2] 伊尔马滋.地震数据处理.北京:石油工业出版社,1994
[3] 何樵登.地震勘探原理和方法.北京:地质出版社,1986
[4] 梁运基,立桂林.陆上高分辨率地震勘探检波器性能及参数选择分析.石油物探,2005,44(6):640~644
[5] 罗福龙,易碧金.地震检波器技术及应用.物探装备,2005,15(1):6~14
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