地震水平分辨力研究与应用
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摘要
地震分辨力一直是地震勘探研究的主要问题之一。与垂直分辨力相比,关于水平分辨力的研究和应用尚未引起人们足够的重视。通过对水平分辨力概念和前人关于水平分辨力定量估算方法的研究,讨论了三维偏移剖面的水平分辨力范围应当在λh/2和λ/2之间。与此同时,通过对一系列实例的分析,认为在垂直分辨力不足的条件下,当地质体水平展布范围足够大,或者沿某一方向的延伸足够大,以至于超出地震水平分辨力的限制时,综合利用各种地震属性和可视化显示技术确定地质体的平面展布范围是可能的。重视和加强地震水平分辨力的研究和应用对于未来地震勘探野外采集设计,地震资料质量评价,低幅构造识别,含油气检测,薄层砂体预测,河道、断裂、裂缝和溶洞的识别,以及地震油藏动态监测等具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。
Seismic resolution is always the key issue in seismic exploration. Study and application of horizontal resolution have not been paid much attention compared to that of vertical resolution. By studying of the concept of horizontal resolution and computation methods available, the author discussed the horizontal resolution of 3-D migration section which should be in the range between /2 and λ/2. Meanwhile, A series of examples were taken to show that it is possible to detect the areal range of geologic body by using various seismic attributes and visualization display technique when the geologic body spreads out large enough in plane or any direction so that it exceeds the limit of seismic horizontal resolution. It has important theoretical value and practical significance to pay attention to and enhance the study and application of horizontal resolution for design of seismic acquisition program, quality appraisal of seismic data, interpretation of low relief structural interpretation, detection of hydrocarbon potentials, prediction of thin sandstone reservoir, identification of underground river deposits, faults, fractures and caves, as well as seismic monitoring of reservoir performance.
Seismic resolution is always the key issue in seismic exploration. Study and application of horizontal resolution have not been paid much attention compared to that of vertical resolution. By studying of the concept of horizontal resolution and computation methods available, the author discussed the horizontal resolution of 3-D migration section which should be in the range between /2 and λ/2. Meanwhile, A series of examples were taken to show that it is possible to detect the areal range of geologic body by using various seismic attributes and visualization display technique when the geologic body spreads out large enough in plane or any direction so that it exceeds the limit of seismic horizontal resolution. It has important theoretical value and practical significance to pay attention to and enhance the study and application of horizontal resolution for design of seismic acquisition program, quality appraisal of seismic data, interpretation of low relief structural interpretation, detection of hydrocarbon potentials, prediction of thin sandstone reservoir, identification of underground river deposits, faults, fractures and caves, as well as seismic monitoring of reservoir performance.
引文
1 佩顿C E.地震地层学在油气勘探中的应用[M].牛毓 荃,徐怀大,陈俊生,等译.北京:石油工业出版社, 1980.3-13
2 Denham L R, Sheriff R E. What is horizontal resolution? [J]. Expanded Abstracts of 50th Annual Internal SEG Mtg, 1980, Session G17
3 Sheriff R E, Geldart L P. Exploration Seismology[M]. UK: Cambridge University Press, 1982, 152-155
4 Beylkin G, Oristaglio M, Miller D. Spatial resolution of migration algorithms[A]. In:Berkhout A J,Ridder J. Accoustical Imaging[C]. New York: Plenum Publication Company, 1985. 155-167
5 Safar M H. On the lateral resolution achieved by Kirchhoff migration[J]. Geophysics, 1985, 50 (8) :1 091-1 099
6 Wu R S, Toksoz M N. Diffraction tomography and multisource holography applied to seismic imaging[J]. Geophysics, 1987, 52(1):11 -25
7 Knapp R W. Fresnel zones in the light of broadband da-ta[J]. Geophysics, 1991, 56(3):354-359
8 Bruhl M, Vermeer G J O, Kiehn M. Fresnel zones for broadband data[J]. Geophysics, 1996,61(2): 600-604
9 Ebrom D A, Markley S A, McDonald J A. Horizontal resolution before migration for broadband data[J]. Expanded Abstract of 66th Annual Internat SEG Mtg, 1996, 1430-1433
10 Seggern V D. Spatial resolution of acoustic imaging with the Born approximation[J]. Geophysics, 1991, 56(9) :1 185-1202
11 Seggern V D. Depth-imaging resolution of 3 - D seismic recording patterns[J]. Geophysics, 1994, 59(5): 564-576
12 Chen Jing, Schuster G T. Resolution limits of migrated images[J]. Expanded Abstract of 66th Annual Internat SEG Mtg, 1996, 39-42
13 Chen J, Schuster G T. Resolution limits of migrated images[J]. Geophysics, 1999,64(8): 1 046-1 053
14 Vernzeer G J O. Factors affecting spatial resolution [J]. Expanded Abstract of 67th Annual Internat SEG Mtg, 1997, 27-30
15 Vernzeer G J O. Factors affecting spatial resolution [J]. The Leading Edge, 1998, 17(10):1 025 -1 030
16 Ma Zaitian, Jin Shengwen, Chen Jiubin,et al. Quantitative estimation of seismic imaging resolution[J]. Expanded Abstract of 72nd Annual Internat SEG Mtg, 2002, 2 281 - 2 284
17程玖兵,马在田,王成礼.地震成像的广义空间分辨率 [A].CPS／SEG国际地球物理会议,北京,2004
18李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路--高分辨率地震勘探 系统工程剖析[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994. 12-30
19凌云研究组.应用振幅的调谐作用探测地层厚度小于 1／4波长地质目标[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,38 (3):268-274
20凌云研究组.地震分辨率极限问题的研究[J].石油地 球物理勘探.2004,39(4):435-442
21俞寿朋.高分辨率地震勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版 社,1993.1-34
22 伯格O R,伍尔弗顿D C.地震地层学续篇--油气勘 探中的一种综合研究方法[M].袁秉衡,俞寿朋,黄子 齐,等译.石油工业出版社,1992.1-11,40-45
23 Brown A R. Interpretation of three-dimensional seismic data[J]. AAPG memoir 42, 1992,1 - 25
24 King G. 4D seismic improves reservoir management decisions Part2[J]. World Oil,217(4) :79-86
25 凌云研究组.地震分辨率极限问题的研究[M].石油 地球物理勘探,2004,39(4):435-442
26 Pedersen S L. Seismic reservoir monitoring on Gull-faks[J]. The leading edge, 1997, 16 (9): 1 247 - 1252
27 季玉新,王秀玲,曲寿利,等,罗家泥岩裂缝检测方法研 究的进展[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(4): 428-434
28 贺振华,黄德济.缝洞储层的地震检测和预测[J].勘探 地球物理进展,2003,26(2):79-83
29曲寿利.全方位P波属性裂缝检测方法[J].石油地球 物理勘探,2001,36(4):390-397
30 曲寿利,王鑫,季玉新,等.P波属性处理与裂缝检测技 术[J].石油物探,2002,41(增刊):85-89
31 季玉新.用地震资料检测裂缝性油气藏的方法[J].勘 探地球物理进展,2002,25(5):28-35
32 迟新刚,贺振华,黄德济.三维地震模糊边缘裂缝检测 方法[J].石油物探,2003,42(3):289-293
2 Denham L R, Sheriff R E. What is horizontal resolution? [J]. Expanded Abstracts of 50th Annual Internal SEG Mtg, 1980, Session G17
3 Sheriff R E, Geldart L P. Exploration Seismology[M]. UK: Cambridge University Press, 1982, 152-155
4 Beylkin G, Oristaglio M, Miller D. Spatial resolution of migration algorithms[A]. In:Berkhout A J,Ridder J. Accoustical Imaging[C]. New York: Plenum Publication Company, 1985. 155-167
5 Safar M H. On the lateral resolution achieved by Kirchhoff migration[J]. Geophysics, 1985, 50 (8) :1 091-1 099
6 Wu R S, Toksoz M N. Diffraction tomography and multisource holography applied to seismic imaging[J]. Geophysics, 1987, 52(1):11 -25
7 Knapp R W. Fresnel zones in the light of broadband da-ta[J]. Geophysics, 1991, 56(3):354-359
8 Bruhl M, Vermeer G J O, Kiehn M. Fresnel zones for broadband data[J]. Geophysics, 1996,61(2): 600-604
9 Ebrom D A, Markley S A, McDonald J A. Horizontal resolution before migration for broadband data[J]. Expanded Abstract of 66th Annual Internat SEG Mtg, 1996, 1430-1433
10 Seggern V D. Spatial resolution of acoustic imaging with the Born approximation[J]. Geophysics, 1991, 56(9) :1 185-1202
11 Seggern V D. Depth-imaging resolution of 3 - D seismic recording patterns[J]. Geophysics, 1994, 59(5): 564-576
12 Chen Jing, Schuster G T. Resolution limits of migrated images[J]. Expanded Abstract of 66th Annual Internat SEG Mtg, 1996, 39-42
13 Chen J, Schuster G T. Resolution limits of migrated images[J]. Geophysics, 1999,64(8): 1 046-1 053
14 Vernzeer G J O. Factors affecting spatial resolution [J]. Expanded Abstract of 67th Annual Internat SEG Mtg, 1997, 27-30
15 Vernzeer G J O. Factors affecting spatial resolution [J]. The Leading Edge, 1998, 17(10):1 025 -1 030
16 Ma Zaitian, Jin Shengwen, Chen Jiubin,et al. Quantitative estimation of seismic imaging resolution[J]. Expanded Abstract of 72nd Annual Internat SEG Mtg, 2002, 2 281 - 2 284
17程玖兵,马在田,王成礼.地震成像的广义空间分辨率 [A].CPS／SEG国际地球物理会议,北京,2004
18李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路--高分辨率地震勘探 系统工程剖析[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994. 12-30
19凌云研究组.应用振幅的调谐作用探测地层厚度小于 1／4波长地质目标[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,38 (3):268-274
20凌云研究组.地震分辨率极限问题的研究[J].石油地 球物理勘探.2004,39(4):435-442
21俞寿朋.高分辨率地震勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版 社,1993.1-34
22 伯格O R,伍尔弗顿D C.地震地层学续篇--油气勘 探中的一种综合研究方法[M].袁秉衡,俞寿朋,黄子 齐,等译.石油工业出版社,1992.1-11,40-45
23 Brown A R. Interpretation of three-dimensional seismic data[J]. AAPG memoir 42, 1992,1 - 25
24 King G. 4D seismic improves reservoir management decisions Part2[J]. World Oil,217(4) :79-86
25 凌云研究组.地震分辨率极限问题的研究[M].石油 地球物理勘探,2004,39(4):435-442
26 Pedersen S L. Seismic reservoir monitoring on Gull-faks[J]. The leading edge, 1997, 16 (9): 1 247 - 1252
27 季玉新,王秀玲,曲寿利,等,罗家泥岩裂缝检测方法研 究的进展[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(4): 428-434
28 贺振华,黄德济.缝洞储层的地震检测和预测[J].勘探 地球物理进展,2003,26(2):79-83
29曲寿利.全方位P波属性裂缝检测方法[J].石油地球 物理勘探,2001,36(4):390-397
30 曲寿利,王鑫,季玉新,等.P波属性处理与裂缝检测技 术[J].石油物探,2002,41(增刊):85-89
31 季玉新.用地震资料检测裂缝性油气藏的方法[J].勘 探地球物理进展,2002,25(5):28-35
32 迟新刚,贺振华,黄德济.三维地震模糊边缘裂缝检测 方法[J].石油物探,2003,42(3):289-293
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