龙门山断裂带中南段的一个破裂空段——芦山地震的震后效应
摘要
2013年4月20日,在青藏高原东缘的龙门山断裂带的南段发生了芦山7.0级地震.通过地壳剪切波分裂的分析,揭示了龙门山断裂带域的地壳主压应力方向及其与断裂之间的关联.芦山地震余震的定位结果显示,芦山地震的破裂与汶川地震的破裂没有贯通,在芦山与汶川之间形成了一个"破裂空段".本文建议,应关注芦山地震与汶川地震之间"破裂空段"的应力变化.采用不依赖于天然地震记录的井下人工源观测技术是一种有意义的科学尝试.
引文
1)王琼,高原.青藏东南缘背景噪声的瑞利波相速度层析成像及强震活动.中国科学:地球科学,评审中
2)中国地震局地震预测研究所.工作信息.2013.第31,33,34期
1Gao Y,Wu Z L,Liu Z,et al.Seismic source characteristics of nine strong earthquakes from1988to1990and earthquake activity since1970in the Sichuan-Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)zone of China.Pure Appl Geophy,2000,157:1423–1443
2高原,van der Lee S,Giardini D,等.使用振型叠加方法研究1997年11月8日西藏玛尼地震震源机制.地球物理学报,2001,44(增刊):98–106
3Zhang Z J,Deng Y F,Liu C,et al.Seismic structure and rheology of the crust under mainland China.Gondwana Res,2013,23:1455–1483
4Wang Z,Zhao D P,Wang J.Deep structure and seismogenesis of the north-south seismic zone in southwest China.J Geophys Res,2010,115:B12334,doi:10.1029/2010JB007797
5张忠杰,陈赟,田小波.青藏高原东缘地壳上地幔结构及其动力学意义.地质科学,2009,44:1136–1150
6雷建设,赵大鹏,苏金荣,等.龙门山断裂带地壳精细结构与汶川地震发震机理.地球物理学报,2009,52:339–345
7Zhang Z,Deng Y,Teng J,et al.An overview of the crustal structure of the Tibetan plateau after35years of deep seismic soundings.J Asian Earth Sci,2011,40:977–989
8张永久,高原,石玉涛,等.四川区域地震台网的剪切波分裂研究.地震学报,2008,30:123–134
9高原,石玉涛,梁维,等.剪切波分裂系统分析系统SAM(2007)——软件系统.中国地震,2008,24:345–353
10石玉涛,高原,赵翠萍,等.汶川地震余震序列的地震各向异性.地球物理学报,2009,52:398–407
11高原,吴晶.利用剪切波各向异性推断地壳主压应力场——以首都圈地区为例.科学通报,2008,53:2933–2939
12Gao Y,Wu J,FukaoY,et al.Shear-wave splitting in the crust in North China:Stress,faults and tectonic implications.Geophys J Int,2011,187:642–654
13Gao Y,Shi Y T,Wu J,et al.Shear-wave splitting in the crust:Regional compressive stress from polarizations of fast shear-waves.Earthquake Sci,2012,25:35–45
14石玉涛,高原,张永久,等.松潘-甘孜地块东部,川滇地块北部与四川盆地西部的地壳剪切波分裂.地球物理学报,2013,56:481–494
15Waldhauser F,Ellsworth L W.A double-difference earthquake location algorithm:Method and application to the Northern Hayward Fault,California.Bull Seism Soc Amer,2000,90:1353–1368
16赵博,高原,石玉涛.华北地区小震精定位及其构造意义.地震,2013,33:12–21
17Zhao B,Shi Y T,Gao Y.Seismic relocation,focal mechanism and crustal seismic anisotropy associated with the M S7.1Yushu earthquake and its aftershocks.Earthquake Sci,2012,25:111–119
18高原,周蕙兰,郑斯华,等.测定震源深度的意义的初步讨论.中国地震,1997,13:321–329
19Zhao B,Shi Y T,Gao Y.Relocation of aftershock of the Wenchuan M s8.0earthquake and its implication to seismotectonics.Earthquake Sci,2011,24:107–113
20张勇,冯万鹏,许力生,等.2008年汶川大地震的时空破裂过程.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008,38:1186–1194
21王卫民,赵连锋,李娟,等.四川汶川8.0级地震震源过程.地球物理学报,2008,51:1403–1410
22江在森,方颖,武艳强,等.汶川8.0级地震前区域地壳运动与变形动态过程.地球物理学报,2009,52:505–518
23Zhang Z,Wang Y,Chen Y,et al.Crustal structure across Longmenshan fault belt from passive source seismic profiling.Geophys Res Lett,2009,36:L17310,doi:10.1029/2009GL039580
24Zhang Z,Yuan X,Chen Y,et al.Seismic signature of the collision between the east Tibetan escape flow and the Sichuan Basin.Earth Planet Sci Lett,2010,292:254–264
25LüY,Zhang Z,Pei S,et al.2.5-Dimensional tomography of uppermost mantle beneath Sichuan-Yunnan and surrounding regions.Tectonophysics,2013,doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2013.03.008
26闻学泽,张培震,杜方,等.2008年汶川8.0级地震发生的历史与现今地震活动背景.地球物理学报,2009,52:444–454
27张瑞青,吴庆举,李永华,等.汶川中强余震震源深度的确定及其意义.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008,38:1234–1241
28丁志峰,武岩,王辉,等.2008年汶川地震震源区横波分裂的变化特征.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008,38:1600–1604
29Gao Y,Crampin S.Observations of stress relaxation before earthquakes.Geophys J Int,2004,157:578–582
30Gao Y,Crampin,S.Shear-wave splitting and earthquake forecasting.Terra Nova,2008,20:440–448
31Crampin S,Gao Y,Peacock S.Stress-forecasting(not predicting)earthquakes:A paradigm shift?Geology,2008,36:427–430
32Niu F,Silver P,Daley T,et al.Preseismic velocity changes observed from active source monitoring at the Parkfield SAFOD drill site.Nature,2008,454,doi:10.1038/nature07111
2)中国地震局地震预测研究所.工作信息.2013.第31,33,34期
1Gao Y,Wu Z L,Liu Z,et al.Seismic source characteristics of nine strong earthquakes from1988to1990and earthquake activity since1970in the Sichuan-Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)zone of China.Pure Appl Geophy,2000,157:1423–1443
2高原,van der Lee S,Giardini D,等.使用振型叠加方法研究1997年11月8日西藏玛尼地震震源机制.地球物理学报,2001,44(增刊):98–106
3Zhang Z J,Deng Y F,Liu C,et al.Seismic structure and rheology of the crust under mainland China.Gondwana Res,2013,23:1455–1483
4Wang Z,Zhao D P,Wang J.Deep structure and seismogenesis of the north-south seismic zone in southwest China.J Geophys Res,2010,115:B12334,doi:10.1029/2010JB007797
5张忠杰,陈赟,田小波.青藏高原东缘地壳上地幔结构及其动力学意义.地质科学,2009,44:1136–1150
6雷建设,赵大鹏,苏金荣,等.龙门山断裂带地壳精细结构与汶川地震发震机理.地球物理学报,2009,52:339–345
7Zhang Z,Deng Y,Teng J,et al.An overview of the crustal structure of the Tibetan plateau after35years of deep seismic soundings.J Asian Earth Sci,2011,40:977–989
8张永久,高原,石玉涛,等.四川区域地震台网的剪切波分裂研究.地震学报,2008,30:123–134
9高原,石玉涛,梁维,等.剪切波分裂系统分析系统SAM(2007)——软件系统.中国地震,2008,24:345–353
10石玉涛,高原,赵翠萍,等.汶川地震余震序列的地震各向异性.地球物理学报,2009,52:398–407
11高原,吴晶.利用剪切波各向异性推断地壳主压应力场——以首都圈地区为例.科学通报,2008,53:2933–2939
12Gao Y,Wu J,FukaoY,et al.Shear-wave splitting in the crust in North China:Stress,faults and tectonic implications.Geophys J Int,2011,187:642–654
13Gao Y,Shi Y T,Wu J,et al.Shear-wave splitting in the crust:Regional compressive stress from polarizations of fast shear-waves.Earthquake Sci,2012,25:35–45
14石玉涛,高原,张永久,等.松潘-甘孜地块东部,川滇地块北部与四川盆地西部的地壳剪切波分裂.地球物理学报,2013,56:481–494
15Waldhauser F,Ellsworth L W.A double-difference earthquake location algorithm:Method and application to the Northern Hayward Fault,California.Bull Seism Soc Amer,2000,90:1353–1368
16赵博,高原,石玉涛.华北地区小震精定位及其构造意义.地震,2013,33:12–21
17Zhao B,Shi Y T,Gao Y.Seismic relocation,focal mechanism and crustal seismic anisotropy associated with the M S7.1Yushu earthquake and its aftershocks.Earthquake Sci,2012,25:111–119
18高原,周蕙兰,郑斯华,等.测定震源深度的意义的初步讨论.中国地震,1997,13:321–329
19Zhao B,Shi Y T,Gao Y.Relocation of aftershock of the Wenchuan M s8.0earthquake and its implication to seismotectonics.Earthquake Sci,2011,24:107–113
20张勇,冯万鹏,许力生,等.2008年汶川大地震的时空破裂过程.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008,38:1186–1194
21王卫民,赵连锋,李娟,等.四川汶川8.0级地震震源过程.地球物理学报,2008,51:1403–1410
22江在森,方颖,武艳强,等.汶川8.0级地震前区域地壳运动与变形动态过程.地球物理学报,2009,52:505–518
23Zhang Z,Wang Y,Chen Y,et al.Crustal structure across Longmenshan fault belt from passive source seismic profiling.Geophys Res Lett,2009,36:L17310,doi:10.1029/2009GL039580
24Zhang Z,Yuan X,Chen Y,et al.Seismic signature of the collision between the east Tibetan escape flow and the Sichuan Basin.Earth Planet Sci Lett,2010,292:254–264
25LüY,Zhang Z,Pei S,et al.2.5-Dimensional tomography of uppermost mantle beneath Sichuan-Yunnan and surrounding regions.Tectonophysics,2013,doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2013.03.008
26闻学泽,张培震,杜方,等.2008年汶川8.0级地震发生的历史与现今地震活动背景.地球物理学报,2009,52:444–454
27张瑞青,吴庆举,李永华,等.汶川中强余震震源深度的确定及其意义.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008,38:1234–1241
28丁志峰,武岩,王辉,等.2008年汶川地震震源区横波分裂的变化特征.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008,38:1600–1604
29Gao Y,Crampin S.Observations of stress relaxation before earthquakes.Geophys J Int,2004,157:578–582
30Gao Y,Crampin,S.Shear-wave splitting and earthquake forecasting.Terra Nova,2008,20:440–448
31Crampin S,Gao Y,Peacock S.Stress-forecasting(not predicting)earthquakes:A paradigm shift?Geology,2008,36:427–430
32Niu F,Silver P,Daley T,et al.Preseismic velocity changes observed from active source monitoring at the Parkfield SAFOD drill site.Nature,2008,454,doi:10.1038/nature07111
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