对“中国西部的地震灾害与水电大坝”一文的商榷
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摘要
我国西部处于构造活动带,在水电开发过程中的地震和水库诱发地震问题一直受到公众的关注。本文对约翰.杰克逊先生"中国西部地震灾害与水电大坝"中的一些问题做了针对性的讨论,对其文章的专业性和某些结论提出了质疑。本文认为"中国西部地震灾害与水电大坝"的作者,引用的基础资料都是极小比例尺的图件,精度较差,不能作为精细论证的依据。构造板块学认为:构造板块的边缘地带,构造运动最活跃,板内次级断裂活动性就相对差些。我国西部除西藏处于板块碰撞的边缘地带外,四川、云南等大片水电能源蕴藏地属于板内构造,并非最活跃区。通过对近代地震工程学的发展和翔实的事例论证,说明他得出我国西部建坝是"灾难性后果的危险尝试"的结论是荒谬的。最后,对汶川大地震与水库诱发地震的问题进行了阐述。
As located at tectonic activity zone,the development of hydropower facilities in southwest China has been a public concern for the high risk of earthquake and reservoir induced earthquake.In this article we discus some questions raised by John Jackson in the article titled "Earthquake Hazards and Large Dams in Western China".In his article,the southwestern China is classified as "high to very high" seismic zone based on global seismic zonation map with a very small scale.Since the scale of the map is very small the accuracy is not high enough so that should not be used as a fine demonstration basis.We strongly disagree the argument of "catastrophic consequences" pointed in the article.In the end we discussed the relationship between occurrence of Wenchuan earthquake and reservoir induced earthquake.
As located at tectonic activity zone,the development of hydropower facilities in southwest China has been a public concern for the high risk of earthquake and reservoir induced earthquake.In this article we discus some questions raised by John Jackson in the article titled "Earthquake Hazards and Large Dams in Western China".In his article,the southwestern China is classified as "high to very high" seismic zone based on global seismic zonation map with a very small scale.Since the scale of the map is very small the accuracy is not high enough so that should not be used as a fine demonstration basis.We strongly disagree the argument of "catastrophic consequences" pointed in the article.In the end we discussed the relationship between occurrence of Wenchuan earthquake and reservoir induced earthquake.
引文
范晓,2008.汶川大地震地下的奥秘.中国国家地理,6:36—50.
傅征祥等,2009.板块构造和地震活动性.北京:地震出版社.
郭永刚,常廷改,苏克忠,2008.汶川8.0级特大地震与紫坪铺水库蓄水关系的讨论.震灾防御技术,3(3):259—265.
胡聿贤,1988.地震工程学.北京:地震出版社.
李敏,汪雍熙,2009.紫坪铺水库诱发地震预测意见回顾与蓄水后的验证.见:汶川大地震工程震害调查分析与研究.北京:科学出版社,94—106.
沈崇刚,陈厚群等,1974.新丰江水库地震及其对大坝的影响.中国科学,2:184—205.
夏其发,1992.《世界水库诱发地震震例基本参数汇总表》暨水库诱发地震评述(一).中国地质灾害与防治学报,4(3):95—100.
夏其发,李敏,常廷改等,2012.水库地震评价与预测.北京:中国水利水电出版社.
中华人民共和国国家标准,2001.中国地震动参数区划图(GB18306-2001).北京:中国标准出版社.
中华人民共和国国家标准,2008.水库诱发地震危险性评价(GB21075-2007).北京:中国标准出版社.
中国代表团,1976.第一届国际诱发地震讨论会概况及加拿大参观纪要.北京:科学技术文献出版社.
中国水利水电科学研究院,1997.水工建筑物抗震设计规范(SL203-97).北京:中国水利水电出版社.
John Jackson,2012.Earthquake Hazards and Large Dams in Western China.Probe.International,April.
傅征祥等,2009.板块构造和地震活动性.北京:地震出版社.
郭永刚,常廷改,苏克忠,2008.汶川8.0级特大地震与紫坪铺水库蓄水关系的讨论.震灾防御技术,3(3):259—265.
胡聿贤,1988.地震工程学.北京:地震出版社.
李敏,汪雍熙,2009.紫坪铺水库诱发地震预测意见回顾与蓄水后的验证.见:汶川大地震工程震害调查分析与研究.北京:科学出版社,94—106.
沈崇刚,陈厚群等,1974.新丰江水库地震及其对大坝的影响.中国科学,2:184—205.
夏其发,1992.《世界水库诱发地震震例基本参数汇总表》暨水库诱发地震评述(一).中国地质灾害与防治学报,4(3):95—100.
夏其发,李敏,常廷改等,2012.水库地震评价与预测.北京:中国水利水电出版社.
中华人民共和国国家标准,2001.中国地震动参数区划图(GB18306-2001).北京:中国标准出版社.
中华人民共和国国家标准,2008.水库诱发地震危险性评价(GB21075-2007).北京:中国标准出版社.
中国代表团,1976.第一届国际诱发地震讨论会概况及加拿大参观纪要.北京:科学技术文献出版社.
中国水利水电科学研究院,1997.水工建筑物抗震设计规范(SL203-97).北京:中国水利水电出版社.
John Jackson,2012.Earthquake Hazards and Large Dams in Western China.Probe.International,April.
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