我国地震地下流体观测台网调整与优化方案探讨
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摘要
本文首先简要介绍了我国地震地下流体观测台网的现状,然后针对其存在的主要问题提出了调整与优化的建议:1调整布局,重点加强我国中西部地区(105°E以西)的监测;2扩大规模,观测井(泉)数要达到1 000个左右;3全面提高观测井质量,淘汰不符合规范要求的观测井(泉),改造不完全符合规范要求的观测井,新建一批完全符合规范的观测井;4优化观测项目的组合,大力发展观测井(泉)水流量观测,强化以H2、He、CO2等为主测项的断层带土壤气观测,建立断层带土壤气观测网;5优化现有的观测模式,开展平面上的台阵式观测与垂向的多层次立体化观测;6完善与提升现有数字化观测技术水平.
The current situation of the earthquake subsurface fluid monitoring network in China is briefly introduced.And then,some suggestion on adjustment and optimization of the network are proposed.1 Change the layout of the existing monitoring network so as to focus on the middle-western China,particularly to the west of 105°E.2 Increase the number of monitoring wells or springs up to approximately 1 000.3 Improve the quality of monitoring network,eliminate and transform those wells or springs that do not meet for the standards and requirements at all.4 Optimize the monitoring items,focus on the monitoring of the wells or springs flows,the soil vapor in the vicinity of faults(main parameters are H2,He,CO2),and construct a soil vapor network.5 Optimize the existing monitoring modes,establish the plane array observation and vertical multi-level three-dimensional observation.6 Improve the existing digital monitoring technology.
The current situation of the earthquake subsurface fluid monitoring network in China is briefly introduced.And then,some suggestion on adjustment and optimization of the network are proposed.1 Change the layout of the existing monitoring network so as to focus on the middle-western China,particularly to the west of 105°E.2 Increase the number of monitoring wells or springs up to approximately 1 000.3 Improve the quality of monitoring network,eliminate and transform those wells or springs that do not meet for the standards and requirements at all.4 Optimize the monitoring items,focus on the monitoring of the wells or springs flows,the soil vapor in the vicinity of faults(main parameters are H2,He,CO2),and construct a soil vapor network.5 Optimize the existing monitoring modes,establish the plane array observation and vertical multi-level three-dimensional observation.6 Improve the existing digital monitoring technology.
引文
车用太,鱼金子.1991.试论地下水流量观测的重要性[J].地震,(5):74--77.Che Y T,Yu J Z.1991.Exploratory discussion on importance of observation underground water flow[J].Earthquake,(5):74--77(in Chinese).
车用太,鱼金子.1992.地震地下水动态观测井的质量评价方法初探[J].地震,(1):57--62.Che Y T,Yu J Z.1992.Preliminary approach to quality-evaluation method of seismo-ground water observation wells[J].Earthquake,(1):57--62(in Chinese).
车用太,鱼金子,刘五洲,易立新.1999.张北-尚义地震的地下流体异常场及其成因分析[J].地震学报,21(2):194 --201.Che Y T,Yu J Z,Liu W Z,Yi L X.1999.The anomalous field of underground fluids related to the Zhangbei-Shangyi earthquake and cause of its formation[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,21(2):194--201(in Chinese).
车用太,鱼金子,王广才.2002a.关于前兆台阵的概念及地下流体前兆台阵建设的方案讨论[J].国际地震动态,(9):1--5.Che Y T,Yu J Z,Wang G C.2002a.On concept of precursor array and discussion on construction plan for precursor array of subsurface fluid[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,(9):1--5(in Chinese).
车用太,鱼金子,刘五洲,易立新,徐峰,李介成,孙天林.2002b.三峡井网的布设与观测井建设[J].地震地质,24 (3):423--431.Che Y T,Yu J Z,Liu W Z,Yi L X,Xu F,Li J C,Sun T L.2002b.Arrangement of well network and establishment of observation well at Three-Gorges of the Yangtze river[J].Seismology and Geology,24(3):423--431(in Chinese).
车用太,鱼金子等编著.2006.地震地下流体学[M].北京:气象出版社:240--242.Che Y T,Yu J Z,et al ed.2006.Underground Fluids and Earthquake[M].Beijing:Metrological Press:240--242(in Chinese).
车用太,鱼金子,刘成龙,翟彦忠,王建国,赵文忠.2007.京津冀地区地下流体数字化观测数据完整率及其地震前兆监测有效性的调查与分析[J].国际地震动态,(4):19--24.Che Y T,Yu J Z,Liu C L,Zhai Y Z,Wang J G,Zhao W Z.2007.The investigation and analysis on data integrity rate and validity of subsurface fluids digital monitoring for seismic precursors in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,(4):19--24(in Chinese).
车用太,鱼金子,朱成英.2014.关于地震地下水观测井建设的若干问题[J].内陆地震,28(3):195--201.Che Y T,Yu J Z,Zhu C Y.2014.Some problems about contruction of earthquake-underground water observation well[J].Inland Earthquake,28(3):195--201(in Chinese).
邓起东,冉永康,杨晓平,闵伟,楚全芝.2007.中国活动构造图(1∶400万)[M].北京:地震出版社:1.Deng Q D,Ran Y K,Yang X P,Min W,Chu Q Z.2007.Map of Active Tectonics in China(1∶4000000)[M].Beijing:Seismological Press:1(in Chinese).
冯恩国,王华,车用太,刘成龙,王伟,陈其锋,连边凯,刘保华,李月强.2012.我国地震地下流体观测现状的调查与分析[J].地震地磁观测与研究,33(5/6):202--207.Feng E G,Wang H,Che Y T,Liu C L,Wang W,Chen Q F,Lian B K,Liu B H,Li Y Q.2012.Investigation and anal-ysis on the current observation status of the seismic underground fluid in China[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,33(5/6):202--207(in Chinese).
国家质量技术监督局.2001.中国地震动参数区划图(GB/T 18306—2001)[S].北京:中国标准出版社:1.General Administration of Quality Supervision of the People’s Republic of China.2001.Seismic Ground Motion Parameter Zonation Map of China(GB/T18306—2001)[S].Beijing:China Standards Press:1(in Chinese).
国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.2004.地震台站观测环境技术要求,第4部分:地下流体台站(GB/T 19531.4—2004)[S].北京:中国标准出版社:56--58.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China,Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.2004.Technical Requirement for the Observational Environment of Seismic Stations,Part 4:Underground Fluid Observation(GB/T19531.4—2004)[S].Beijing:China Standards Press:56--58(in Chinese).
林元武,王基华,高松升.1998.北京及邻近地区断层气CO2观测与分析[G]∥地震危险性预测研究(1999年度).北京:地震出版社:134--141.Lin Y W,Wang J H,Gao S S.1998.Observation and analysis of fault gas CO2in Beijing and neighborhood region[G]∥Studies on the Prediction of Seismic Hazard(1999).Beijing:Seismological Press:134--141(in Chinese).
刘耀炜.2009.动力加载作用与地下水物理动态过程研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京):68--73.Liu Y W.2009.Dynamic Loading and Physical Dynamics Process of Groundwater[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing):68--73(in Chinese).
马玉川.2010.井水温度潮汐效应及其应变响应能力研究[D].北京:中国地震局地壳应力研究所:13.Ma Y C.2010.Tide Effect of Water Temperature in a Well and Its Capability of Response to Stress and Strain[D].Beijing:Institute of Crustal Dynamics,China Earthquake Administration:13(in Chinese).
万迪堃,贾化周,董守玉,兰秀英,黄保大.1990.马17井映震能力与异常机理探讨[G]∥地震预报方法实用化研究文集:水位水化专辑.北京:地震出版社:59--64.Wan D K,Jia H Z,Dong S Y,Lan X Y,Huang B D.1990.A discussion on the capacity reflection earthquakes and the abnormal mechanism for water level in Ma 17well[G]∥Collected Works of Studies on Practicability of Earthquake Prediction Methods:Water Level and Hydrochemistry.Beijing:Seismological Press:59--64(in Chinese).
汪成民主编.1990.中国地震地下水动态观测网[M].北京:地震出版社:40--44.Wang C M eds-in-chief.1990.Well Networks for Earthquake Prediction in China[M].Beijing:Seismological Press:40 --44(in Chinese).
岳明生.2005.地震预测研究发展战略几点思考[J].国际地震动态,(5):7--21.Yue M S.2005.Thoughts about the strategy for the development of earthquake prediction[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,(5):7--21(in Chinese).
张培震,邓起东,张国民,马瑾,甘卫军,闵伟,毛凤英,王琪.2003.中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块[J].中国科学:D辑,33(增刊):12--20.Zhang P Z,Deng Q D,Zhang G M,Ma J,Gan W J,Min W,Mao F Y,Wang Q.2003.Active tectonic blocks and strong earthquakes in the continent of China[J].Science in China:Series D,46(S1):13--24.
中国地震局.2006.地震台站建设规范:地下流体台站,第1部分:水位和水温台站(DB/T 20.1—2006)[S].北京:地震出版社:2--4.China Earthquake Administration.2006.Specification for the Construction of Seismic Station:Underground Fluid Station,Part 1:Water Level and Water Temperature Observatory(DB/T20.1—2006)[S].Beijing:Seismological Press:2--4(in Chinese).
中国地震局.2012.地震地下流体观测方法,第3部分:井水与泉水流量观测(DB/T 50—2012)[S].北京:地震出版社:6--12.China Earthquake Administration.2012.The Observation Methods of Seismic Underground Fluid,Part 3:Observation of Well and Spring Flow Rate(DB/T50—2012)[S].Beijing:Seismological Press:6--12(in Chinese).
Koizumi N.1989.Analysis of chemical composition and temperature of the groundwater having a flow rate fluctuation induced by earth tides[C]∥Proceedings of Japan--China(Taipei):Joint Seminar on Natural Hazard Mitigation.67--76.
车用太,鱼金子.1992.地震地下水动态观测井的质量评价方法初探[J].地震,(1):57--62.Che Y T,Yu J Z.1992.Preliminary approach to quality-evaluation method of seismo-ground water observation wells[J].Earthquake,(1):57--62(in Chinese).
车用太,鱼金子,刘五洲,易立新.1999.张北-尚义地震的地下流体异常场及其成因分析[J].地震学报,21(2):194 --201.Che Y T,Yu J Z,Liu W Z,Yi L X.1999.The anomalous field of underground fluids related to the Zhangbei-Shangyi earthquake and cause of its formation[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,21(2):194--201(in Chinese).
车用太,鱼金子,王广才.2002a.关于前兆台阵的概念及地下流体前兆台阵建设的方案讨论[J].国际地震动态,(9):1--5.Che Y T,Yu J Z,Wang G C.2002a.On concept of precursor array and discussion on construction plan for precursor array of subsurface fluid[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,(9):1--5(in Chinese).
车用太,鱼金子,刘五洲,易立新,徐峰,李介成,孙天林.2002b.三峡井网的布设与观测井建设[J].地震地质,24 (3):423--431.Che Y T,Yu J Z,Liu W Z,Yi L X,Xu F,Li J C,Sun T L.2002b.Arrangement of well network and establishment of observation well at Three-Gorges of the Yangtze river[J].Seismology and Geology,24(3):423--431(in Chinese).
车用太,鱼金子等编著.2006.地震地下流体学[M].北京:气象出版社:240--242.Che Y T,Yu J Z,et al ed.2006.Underground Fluids and Earthquake[M].Beijing:Metrological Press:240--242(in Chinese).
车用太,鱼金子,刘成龙,翟彦忠,王建国,赵文忠.2007.京津冀地区地下流体数字化观测数据完整率及其地震前兆监测有效性的调查与分析[J].国际地震动态,(4):19--24.Che Y T,Yu J Z,Liu C L,Zhai Y Z,Wang J G,Zhao W Z.2007.The investigation and analysis on data integrity rate and validity of subsurface fluids digital monitoring for seismic precursors in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,(4):19--24(in Chinese).
车用太,鱼金子,朱成英.2014.关于地震地下水观测井建设的若干问题[J].内陆地震,28(3):195--201.Che Y T,Yu J Z,Zhu C Y.2014.Some problems about contruction of earthquake-underground water observation well[J].Inland Earthquake,28(3):195--201(in Chinese).
邓起东,冉永康,杨晓平,闵伟,楚全芝.2007.中国活动构造图(1∶400万)[M].北京:地震出版社:1.Deng Q D,Ran Y K,Yang X P,Min W,Chu Q Z.2007.Map of Active Tectonics in China(1∶4000000)[M].Beijing:Seismological Press:1(in Chinese).
冯恩国,王华,车用太,刘成龙,王伟,陈其锋,连边凯,刘保华,李月强.2012.我国地震地下流体观测现状的调查与分析[J].地震地磁观测与研究,33(5/6):202--207.Feng E G,Wang H,Che Y T,Liu C L,Wang W,Chen Q F,Lian B K,Liu B H,Li Y Q.2012.Investigation and anal-ysis on the current observation status of the seismic underground fluid in China[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,33(5/6):202--207(in Chinese).
国家质量技术监督局.2001.中国地震动参数区划图(GB/T 18306—2001)[S].北京:中国标准出版社:1.General Administration of Quality Supervision of the People’s Republic of China.2001.Seismic Ground Motion Parameter Zonation Map of China(GB/T18306—2001)[S].Beijing:China Standards Press:1(in Chinese).
国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.2004.地震台站观测环境技术要求,第4部分:地下流体台站(GB/T 19531.4—2004)[S].北京:中国标准出版社:56--58.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China,Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.2004.Technical Requirement for the Observational Environment of Seismic Stations,Part 4:Underground Fluid Observation(GB/T19531.4—2004)[S].Beijing:China Standards Press:56--58(in Chinese).
林元武,王基华,高松升.1998.北京及邻近地区断层气CO2观测与分析[G]∥地震危险性预测研究(1999年度).北京:地震出版社:134--141.Lin Y W,Wang J H,Gao S S.1998.Observation and analysis of fault gas CO2in Beijing and neighborhood region[G]∥Studies on the Prediction of Seismic Hazard(1999).Beijing:Seismological Press:134--141(in Chinese).
刘耀炜.2009.动力加载作用与地下水物理动态过程研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京):68--73.Liu Y W.2009.Dynamic Loading and Physical Dynamics Process of Groundwater[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing):68--73(in Chinese).
马玉川.2010.井水温度潮汐效应及其应变响应能力研究[D].北京:中国地震局地壳应力研究所:13.Ma Y C.2010.Tide Effect of Water Temperature in a Well and Its Capability of Response to Stress and Strain[D].Beijing:Institute of Crustal Dynamics,China Earthquake Administration:13(in Chinese).
万迪堃,贾化周,董守玉,兰秀英,黄保大.1990.马17井映震能力与异常机理探讨[G]∥地震预报方法实用化研究文集:水位水化专辑.北京:地震出版社:59--64.Wan D K,Jia H Z,Dong S Y,Lan X Y,Huang B D.1990.A discussion on the capacity reflection earthquakes and the abnormal mechanism for water level in Ma 17well[G]∥Collected Works of Studies on Practicability of Earthquake Prediction Methods:Water Level and Hydrochemistry.Beijing:Seismological Press:59--64(in Chinese).
汪成民主编.1990.中国地震地下水动态观测网[M].北京:地震出版社:40--44.Wang C M eds-in-chief.1990.Well Networks for Earthquake Prediction in China[M].Beijing:Seismological Press:40 --44(in Chinese).
岳明生.2005.地震预测研究发展战略几点思考[J].国际地震动态,(5):7--21.Yue M S.2005.Thoughts about the strategy for the development of earthquake prediction[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,(5):7--21(in Chinese).
张培震,邓起东,张国民,马瑾,甘卫军,闵伟,毛凤英,王琪.2003.中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块[J].中国科学:D辑,33(增刊):12--20.Zhang P Z,Deng Q D,Zhang G M,Ma J,Gan W J,Min W,Mao F Y,Wang Q.2003.Active tectonic blocks and strong earthquakes in the continent of China[J].Science in China:Series D,46(S1):13--24.
中国地震局.2006.地震台站建设规范:地下流体台站,第1部分:水位和水温台站(DB/T 20.1—2006)[S].北京:地震出版社:2--4.China Earthquake Administration.2006.Specification for the Construction of Seismic Station:Underground Fluid Station,Part 1:Water Level and Water Temperature Observatory(DB/T20.1—2006)[S].Beijing:Seismological Press:2--4(in Chinese).
中国地震局.2012.地震地下流体观测方法,第3部分:井水与泉水流量观测(DB/T 50—2012)[S].北京:地震出版社:6--12.China Earthquake Administration.2012.The Observation Methods of Seismic Underground Fluid,Part 3:Observation of Well and Spring Flow Rate(DB/T50—2012)[S].Beijing:Seismological Press:6--12(in Chinese).
Koizumi N.1989.Analysis of chemical composition and temperature of the groundwater having a flow rate fluctuation induced by earth tides[C]∥Proceedings of Japan--China(Taipei):Joint Seminar on Natural Hazard Mitigation.67--76.
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