油气勘探中的地震速度泡沫(Fizz)现象
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摘要
地下岩石孔隙中含有天然气会造成地震波传播速度的下降,但是这种含气量与速度下降量之间的关系一直没有被很清楚地认识到,因此造成很多勘探和开发上的决策失误.本文通过对Wood方程和Gassmann-Biot理论分析,定量地描述了岩石孔隙中天然气含量与波速之间的关系,叙述了由于极少量气造成很大速度变化的“速度泡沫”(Fizz gas)现象以及对这种速度假象进行识别的方法,并通过对中国某油田XD区块的实例研究验证了这种现象的存在及识别.
Seismic velocity decrease can be caused by pore rock bearing gas,but the relation between amount of the gas staying in the pore and the decrease amount of the velocity has not been recognized clearly,therefore,many mistakes have been made in exploration and production of oil and gas.Based on analysis to Wood equation and Gassmann theory,the quantitative relations between those two amounts have been described in this paper,and stated the "Fizz gas" phenomenon that cause large variation of velocity by little gas and how to discriminate this feint from real anomaly,finally to proved this phenomenon by real instance.
Seismic velocity decrease can be caused by pore rock bearing gas,but the relation between amount of the gas staying in the pore and the decrease amount of the velocity has not been recognized clearly,therefore,many mistakes have been made in exploration and production of oil and gas.Based on analysis to Wood equation and Gassmann theory,the quantitative relations between those two amounts have been described in this paper,and stated the "Fizz gas" phenomenon that cause large variation of velocity by little gas and how to discriminate this feint from real anomaly,finally to proved this phenomenon by real instance.
引文
[1]李斌,等.孔隙流体的声学性质[J].石油学报,2004,25(6):59~62.
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[5]Biot M A.Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid-saturated porous solid[J].Geophysics,1956,8(2):179~191.
[6]Gassmann F.Uber die dlastizitat por ser medien[J].Vierteli-ahrschr.Naturforsch.Ges.Zurich,1951,96:1~23.
[7]Batzle M L,Wang Z J.Seismic properties of pore fuids[J].Geophysics,1992,57:1396~1408.
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[10]Biot M A.General theory of three-dimensional consolidation:Journal of Applied Physics,1941,12:155~164.
[11]Brown J S,Korringa J.Onthe elastic properties of a porousrock on the compressibility of the pore.uid[J].Geophysics,1975,40:608~616.
[12]Castagna J P,Batzle M L,Eastwood R L.Relationship be-tween compressional-wave and shear-wave velocities in clasticsilicate rocks[J].Geophysics,1985,50:571~581.
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[15]刘礼农,崔凤林,张剑锋.三维复杂构造中地震波模拟的单程波方法[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(3):514~520.
[16]许琨,王妙月.利用地质规则块体建模方法的频率域有限元弹性波速度反演[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(4):708~717.
[17]邓继新,史謌,刘瑞,俞军.泥岩、页岩声速各向异性及其影响因素分析[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5):862~868.
[18]王德利,何樵登,韩立国.裂隙型单斜介质中多方位地面三分量记录模拟[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(2):386~393.
[19]王德利,何樵登,韩立国.单斜介质中方位NMO速度Thom-sen参数反演方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(1):249~255.
[20]卢明辉,唐建侯,杨慧珠,等.正交各向异性介质P波走时分析及Thomsen参数反演[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(5):1167~1171.
[21]杨文彩,杨午阳,程振炎.中国大陆科学钻探孔区的地震波速模型[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):477~489.
[22]陈国金,曹辉,吴永栓,等.速度差对井间走时层析成像质量的影响及其改进方法[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3):915~922.
[23]尤建军,常旭,刘伊克.VTI介质长偏移距非双曲动校正公式优化[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1770~1778.
[24]赵爱华,张美根,丁志峰.横向各向同性中地震波走时模拟[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1762~1769.
[2]牟永光主编.地震勘探资料数字处理方法[M].北京:石油出版社,224.
[3]钱绍新.研究烃类指示的反射系数图板和地震模型,《石油地球物理勘探技术报告集》[M].北京:石油部物探局研究院情报室出版,1982.
[4]李庆忠.亮点、暗点和平点,《石油地球物理勘探技术报告集》[M].北京:石油部物探局研究院情报室出版,1982.
[5]Biot M A.Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid-saturated porous solid[J].Geophysics,1956,8(2):179~191.
[6]Gassmann F.Uber die dlastizitat por ser medien[J].Vierteli-ahrschr.Naturforsch.Ges.Zurich,1951,96:1~23.
[7]Batzle M L,Wang Z J.Seismic properties of pore fuids[J].Geophysics,1992,57:1396~1408.
[8]Batzle M L,Han D,Castagna J P.Fluids and frequency de-pendent seismic velocities of rocks[J].The Leading Edge,2001,20:168~171.
[9]Berryman J G.Origin of Gassmann’s equations[J].Geophys-ics,1999,64:1627~1629.
[10]Biot M A.General theory of three-dimensional consolidation:Journal of Applied Physics,1941,12:155~164.
[11]Brown J S,Korringa J.Onthe elastic properties of a porousrock on the compressibility of the pore.uid[J].Geophysics,1975,40:608~616.
[12]Castagna J P,Batzle M L,Eastwood R L.Relationship be-tween compressional-wave and shear-wave velocities in clasticsilicate rocks[J].Geophysics,1985,50:571~581.
[13]Hamilton E L.Low sound velocities in high porosity sedi-ments[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1956,28:16~19.
[14]Han D,Batzle M.Velocity,density and modulus of hydro-carbon-Empirical modeling:2000b,70th Annual Interna-tional Meeting,Society of Exploration Geophysicists,Ex-panded Abstracts.
[15]刘礼农,崔凤林,张剑锋.三维复杂构造中地震波模拟的单程波方法[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(3):514~520.
[16]许琨,王妙月.利用地质规则块体建模方法的频率域有限元弹性波速度反演[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(4):708~717.
[17]邓继新,史謌,刘瑞,俞军.泥岩、页岩声速各向异性及其影响因素分析[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5):862~868.
[18]王德利,何樵登,韩立国.裂隙型单斜介质中多方位地面三分量记录模拟[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(2):386~393.
[19]王德利,何樵登,韩立国.单斜介质中方位NMO速度Thom-sen参数反演方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(1):249~255.
[20]卢明辉,唐建侯,杨慧珠,等.正交各向异性介质P波走时分析及Thomsen参数反演[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(5):1167~1171.
[21]杨文彩,杨午阳,程振炎.中国大陆科学钻探孔区的地震波速模型[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):477~489.
[22]陈国金,曹辉,吴永栓,等.速度差对井间走时层析成像质量的影响及其改进方法[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3):915~922.
[23]尤建军,常旭,刘伊克.VTI介质长偏移距非双曲动校正公式优化[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1770~1778.
[24]赵爱华,张美根,丁志峰.横向各向同性中地震波走时模拟[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1762~1769.
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