2013年8月河北蔚县小震群遗漏地震检测与发震构造分析
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摘要
华北地区近年来小震群活动频繁,在有数字波形记录的中强地震相对缺乏的背景下,小震群发震构造精细研究可为华北地区地震危险性分析和地震趋势判断提供重要依据.本文利用匹配滤波技术对2013年8月22—25日河北蔚县小震群遗漏地震事件进行检测,并通过地震精定位和震源机制求解分析此次震群的发震构造.计算结果显示,通过互相关扫描检测到18次被地震台网常规分析遗漏的地震,约为地震目录给出的13次地震事件的1.38倍.该震群发震构造有北东向和北西向两组断裂,震群活动前期以北东向构造活动为主,后期地震主要发生在北西向构造,北西向构造在此次震群活动中地震频度和强度均高于北东向构造.震源机制计算结果显示北西向构造发震机制以正断拉张为主.
The increasing seismicity of small earthquake swarms have been observed in North China area during recent years.Due to the lack of digital waveform recordings of large earthquakes in this area,detailed seismogenic structure analysis of earthquake swarms is of significance to seismic risk analysis and earthquake tendency judgement.We herein used matched filter technique to detect missing earthquakes in Yuxian small earthquake swarm occurred during August 22 nd to 25 th,2013.By the technique we detected 18 missing earthquakes,which are about 1.38 times of 13 listed in the catalog.The seismogenic structure of the earthquake swarm can be divided into two parts.One is an NEtrending fault and more active in the early time of this earthquake swarm;the other is an NW-trending fault on which more earthquakes occurred in the later time.The seismicity is much stronger in the NW-trending fault than that in the NE-trending fault.According to focal mechanism of two lager earthquakes in the swarm,it is suggested that the mechanism of earthquakes occurred on the NW-trending fault are dominated by normal slip.
The increasing seismicity of small earthquake swarms have been observed in North China area during recent years.Due to the lack of digital waveform recordings of large earthquakes in this area,detailed seismogenic structure analysis of earthquake swarms is of significance to seismic risk analysis and earthquake tendency judgement.We herein used matched filter technique to detect missing earthquakes in Yuxian small earthquake swarm occurred during August 22 nd to 25 th,2013.By the technique we detected 18 missing earthquakes,which are about 1.38 times of 13 listed in the catalog.The seismogenic structure of the earthquake swarm can be divided into two parts.One is an NEtrending fault and more active in the early time of this earthquake swarm;the other is an NW-trending fault on which more earthquakes occurred in the later time.The seismicity is much stronger in the NW-trending fault than that in the NE-trending fault.According to focal mechanism of two lager earthquakes in the swarm,it is suggested that the mechanism of earthquakes occurred on the NW-trending fault are dominated by normal slip.
引文
陈连旺,陆远忠,张杰,许桂林,郭若眉.1999.华北地区三维构造应力场[J].地震学报,21(2):140-149.
Chen L W,Lu Y Z,Zhang J,Xu G L,Guo R M.1999.Three dimensional tectonic stress field in North China[J].ActaSeismologica Sinica,21(2):140-149(in Chinese).
崔子健,李志雄,陈章立,赵翠萍,郑斯华,周连庆.2012.判别小震群序列类型的新方法研究:谱振幅相关分析法[J].地球物理学报,55(5):1718-1724.
Cui Z J,Li Z X,Chen Z L,Zhao C P,Zheng S H,Zhou L Q.2012.A study on the new method for determining smallearthquake sequence type:Correlation analysis of spectral amplitude[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,55(5):1718-1724(in Chinese).
国家地震局震害防御司.1995.中国历史强震目录(公元前23世纪—公元1911年)[M].北京:地震出版社:475-477.
Department of Disaster Prevention,China Earthquake Administration.1995.China Historical Earthquake Catalog(23rd Century BC—1911 AD)[M].Beijing:Seismological Press:475-477(in Chinese).
胡新亮,刁桂苓,马瑾,李雪英,高景春,王勤彩.2004.利用数字地震记录的P,S振幅比资料测定小震震源机制解的可靠性分析[J].地震地质,26(2):347-354.
Hu X L,Diao G L,Ma J,Li X Y,Gao J C,Wang Q C.2004.Reliability analysis of focal mechanism solutions of microearthquakes determined from amplitude ratio of P and S recorded by digital seismograph[J].Seismology and Geology,26(2):347-354(in Chinese).
姜秀娥,陈非比.1983.区域震群与唐山大震[J].地震学报,5(2):145-157.
Jiang X E,Chen F B.1983.Regional earthquake swarms and the 1976Tangshan earthquake[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,5(2):145-157(in Chinese).
刘宝峰,张先康,张成科,宋松岩,周雪松.2000.华北文安—蔚县—察哈尔右翼中旗剖面S波资料的地质解释[J].地震地质,22(1):81-88.
Liu B F,Zhang X K,Zhang C K,Song S Y,Zhou X S.2000.Geological interpretation of S wave data along the Wenan-Yuxian-Cahayouzhongqi profile in North China[J].Seismology and Geology,22(1):81-88(in Chinese).
全国7级地震与地震形势跟踪组.2013.中国大陆地震大形势跟踪与趋势预测研究报告[M].北京:地震出版社:86-88.
Tracking Group of National M7Earthquake and Earthquake Situation.2013.The Tracking and Trend Forecasting Research Report of Earthquake Situation in China[M].Beijing:Seismological Press:86-88(in Chinese).
谭毅培,曹井泉,刘文兵,卞真付,孙安辉,邓莉,柳艳丽.2014.2013年3月涿鹿微震群遗漏地震事件检测和发震构造分析[J].地球物理学报,57(6):1847-1856.
Tan Y P,Cao J Q,Liu W B,Bian Z F,Sun A H,Deng L,Liu Y L.2014.Missing earthquakes detection and seismogenic structure analysis of the Zhuolu micro-earthquake swarm in March,2013[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,57(6):1847-1856(in Chinese).
徐锡伟,吴卫民,张先康,马胜利,马文涛,于贵华,顾梦林,江娃利.2002.首都圈地区地壳最新构造变动与地震[M].北京:科学出版社:71-74.
Xu X W,Wu W M,Zhang X K,Ma S L,Ma W T,Yu G H,Gu M L,Jiang W L.2002.Recent Crustal Tectonic Movement in the Capital Region and Its Associated Earthquakes[M].Beijing:Science Press:71-74(in Chinese).
张成科,张先康,盖玉杰,祝治平,张建狮,阮虹.1997.华北文安—蔚县—察右中旗剖面地壳上地幔速度结构与构造研究[J].华北地震科学,15(3):18-28.
Zhang C K,Zhang X K,Gai Y J,Zhu Z P,Zhang J S,Ruan H.1997.A study of crust and upper mantle structure onWen’an-Yuxian-Chayouzhongqi profile[J].North China Earthquake Sciences,15(3):18-28(in Chinese).
朱传镇,傅昌洪,罗胜利.1981.震群与大地震关系的研究(华北地区)[J].地震学报,3(2):105-117.
Zhu C Z,Fu C H,Luo S L.1981.Study of earthquake swarms in relation to large earthquakes(North China area)[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,3(2):105-117(in Chinese).
Bisrat S,DeShon H R,Rowe C.2012.Microseismic swarm activity in the New Madrid seismic zone[J].Bull SeismolSoc Am,102(3):1167-1178.
Blakely R J,Sherrod B L,Weaver C S,Rohay A C,Wells R E.2012.Tectonic setting of the Wooded Island earthquakeswarm,eastern Washington[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,102(4):1786-1795.
Evangelidis C P,Konstantinou K I,Melis N S,Charalabakis M,Stavrakakis G N.2008.Waveform relocation and focalmechanism analysis of an earthquake swarm in Trichonis Lake,western Greece[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,98(2):804-811.
Gibbons S J,Ringdal F.2006.The detection of low magnitude seismic events using array-based waveform correlation[J].Geophys J Int,165(1):149-166.
Kurz J H,Jahr T,Jentzsch G.2004.Earthquake swarm examples and a look at the generation mechanism of the Vogtland/western Bohemia earthquake swarms[J].Physics Earth Planet Inter,142(1/2):75-88.
Meng X,Yu X,Peng Z,Hong B.2012.Detecting earthquakes around Salton Sea following the 2010 MW7.2El MayorCucapah earthquake using GPU parallel computing[J].Procedia Computer Science,9:937-946.
Peng Z G,Vidale J E,Ishii M,Helmstetter A.2007.Seismicity rate immediately before and after main shock rupturefrom high-frequency waveforms in Japan[J].J Geophys Res,112:B03306.doi:10.1029/2006JB004386.
Peng Z,Zhao P.2009.Migration of early aftershocks following the 2004Parkfield earthquake[J].Nature Geoscience,2(12):877-881.
Schaff D P,Richards P G.2004.Lg-wave cross correlation and double difference location:Application to the 1999Xiuyan,China,sequence[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,94(3):867-879.
Schaff D P,Waldhauser F.2005.Waveform cross-correlation-based differential travel-time measurements at the NorthernCalifornia Seismic Network[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,95(6):2446-2461.
Schaff D P.2010.Improvements to detection capability by cross-correlating for similar events:A case study of the 1999Xiuyan,China,sequence and synthetic sensitivity tests[J].J Geophys Res,180(2):829-846.
Shally D R,Beroza G C,Ide S.2007.Non-volcanic tremor and low-frequency earthquake swarms[J].Nature,446(7133):305-307.
Stankova J,Bilek S L,Rowe C A,Aster R C.2008.Characteristics of the October 2005microearthquakes swarm and reactivation of similar event seismic swarms over decadal time periods near Socorro,New Mexico[J].Bull Seismol SocAm,98(1):93-105.
Tang C C,Peng Z G,Chao K,Chen C H,Lin C H.2010.Detecting low-frequency earthquakes within non-volcanictremor in southern Taiwan triggered by 2005 MW8.6Nias earthquake[J].Geophys Res Lett,37:L16307.doi:10.1029/2010GL043918.
van Trees H L.1968.Detection,Estimation and Modulation Theory[M].New York:John Wiley and Sons:208-210.
Waldhauser F,Ellsworth W L.2000.A double-difference earthquake location algorithm:Method and application to thenorthern Hayward fault,California[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,90(6):1353-1368.
Yamashita T.1998.Simulation of seismicity due to fliud migration in a fault zone[J].Geophys J Int,132(3):674-686.
Yang H,Zhu L,Chu R.2009.Fault-plane determination of the 18April 2008Mount Carmel,Illinois,earthquake by detecting and relocating aftershocks[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,99(6):3413-3420.
1 http://10 .5.202.37:8080/JOPENSCat/login.seam
Chen L W,Lu Y Z,Zhang J,Xu G L,Guo R M.1999.Three dimensional tectonic stress field in North China[J].ActaSeismologica Sinica,21(2):140-149(in Chinese).
崔子健,李志雄,陈章立,赵翠萍,郑斯华,周连庆.2012.判别小震群序列类型的新方法研究:谱振幅相关分析法[J].地球物理学报,55(5):1718-1724.
Cui Z J,Li Z X,Chen Z L,Zhao C P,Zheng S H,Zhou L Q.2012.A study on the new method for determining smallearthquake sequence type:Correlation analysis of spectral amplitude[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,55(5):1718-1724(in Chinese).
国家地震局震害防御司.1995.中国历史强震目录(公元前23世纪—公元1911年)[M].北京:地震出版社:475-477.
Department of Disaster Prevention,China Earthquake Administration.1995.China Historical Earthquake Catalog(23rd Century BC—1911 AD)[M].Beijing:Seismological Press:475-477(in Chinese).
胡新亮,刁桂苓,马瑾,李雪英,高景春,王勤彩.2004.利用数字地震记录的P,S振幅比资料测定小震震源机制解的可靠性分析[J].地震地质,26(2):347-354.
Hu X L,Diao G L,Ma J,Li X Y,Gao J C,Wang Q C.2004.Reliability analysis of focal mechanism solutions of microearthquakes determined from amplitude ratio of P and S recorded by digital seismograph[J].Seismology and Geology,26(2):347-354(in Chinese).
姜秀娥,陈非比.1983.区域震群与唐山大震[J].地震学报,5(2):145-157.
Jiang X E,Chen F B.1983.Regional earthquake swarms and the 1976Tangshan earthquake[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,5(2):145-157(in Chinese).
刘宝峰,张先康,张成科,宋松岩,周雪松.2000.华北文安—蔚县—察哈尔右翼中旗剖面S波资料的地质解释[J].地震地质,22(1):81-88.
Liu B F,Zhang X K,Zhang C K,Song S Y,Zhou X S.2000.Geological interpretation of S wave data along the Wenan-Yuxian-Cahayouzhongqi profile in North China[J].Seismology and Geology,22(1):81-88(in Chinese).
全国7级地震与地震形势跟踪组.2013.中国大陆地震大形势跟踪与趋势预测研究报告[M].北京:地震出版社:86-88.
Tracking Group of National M7Earthquake and Earthquake Situation.2013.The Tracking and Trend Forecasting Research Report of Earthquake Situation in China[M].Beijing:Seismological Press:86-88(in Chinese).
谭毅培,曹井泉,刘文兵,卞真付,孙安辉,邓莉,柳艳丽.2014.2013年3月涿鹿微震群遗漏地震事件检测和发震构造分析[J].地球物理学报,57(6):1847-1856.
Tan Y P,Cao J Q,Liu W B,Bian Z F,Sun A H,Deng L,Liu Y L.2014.Missing earthquakes detection and seismogenic structure analysis of the Zhuolu micro-earthquake swarm in March,2013[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,57(6):1847-1856(in Chinese).
徐锡伟,吴卫民,张先康,马胜利,马文涛,于贵华,顾梦林,江娃利.2002.首都圈地区地壳最新构造变动与地震[M].北京:科学出版社:71-74.
Xu X W,Wu W M,Zhang X K,Ma S L,Ma W T,Yu G H,Gu M L,Jiang W L.2002.Recent Crustal Tectonic Movement in the Capital Region and Its Associated Earthquakes[M].Beijing:Science Press:71-74(in Chinese).
张成科,张先康,盖玉杰,祝治平,张建狮,阮虹.1997.华北文安—蔚县—察右中旗剖面地壳上地幔速度结构与构造研究[J].华北地震科学,15(3):18-28.
Zhang C K,Zhang X K,Gai Y J,Zhu Z P,Zhang J S,Ruan H.1997.A study of crust and upper mantle structure onWen’an-Yuxian-Chayouzhongqi profile[J].North China Earthquake Sciences,15(3):18-28(in Chinese).
朱传镇,傅昌洪,罗胜利.1981.震群与大地震关系的研究(华北地区)[J].地震学报,3(2):105-117.
Zhu C Z,Fu C H,Luo S L.1981.Study of earthquake swarms in relation to large earthquakes(North China area)[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,3(2):105-117(in Chinese).
Bisrat S,DeShon H R,Rowe C.2012.Microseismic swarm activity in the New Madrid seismic zone[J].Bull SeismolSoc Am,102(3):1167-1178.
Blakely R J,Sherrod B L,Weaver C S,Rohay A C,Wells R E.2012.Tectonic setting of the Wooded Island earthquakeswarm,eastern Washington[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,102(4):1786-1795.
Evangelidis C P,Konstantinou K I,Melis N S,Charalabakis M,Stavrakakis G N.2008.Waveform relocation and focalmechanism analysis of an earthquake swarm in Trichonis Lake,western Greece[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,98(2):804-811.
Gibbons S J,Ringdal F.2006.The detection of low magnitude seismic events using array-based waveform correlation[J].Geophys J Int,165(1):149-166.
Kurz J H,Jahr T,Jentzsch G.2004.Earthquake swarm examples and a look at the generation mechanism of the Vogtland/western Bohemia earthquake swarms[J].Physics Earth Planet Inter,142(1/2):75-88.
Meng X,Yu X,Peng Z,Hong B.2012.Detecting earthquakes around Salton Sea following the 2010 MW7.2El MayorCucapah earthquake using GPU parallel computing[J].Procedia Computer Science,9:937-946.
Peng Z G,Vidale J E,Ishii M,Helmstetter A.2007.Seismicity rate immediately before and after main shock rupturefrom high-frequency waveforms in Japan[J].J Geophys Res,112:B03306.doi:10.1029/2006JB004386.
Peng Z,Zhao P.2009.Migration of early aftershocks following the 2004Parkfield earthquake[J].Nature Geoscience,2(12):877-881.
Schaff D P,Richards P G.2004.Lg-wave cross correlation and double difference location:Application to the 1999Xiuyan,China,sequence[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,94(3):867-879.
Schaff D P,Waldhauser F.2005.Waveform cross-correlation-based differential travel-time measurements at the NorthernCalifornia Seismic Network[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,95(6):2446-2461.
Schaff D P.2010.Improvements to detection capability by cross-correlating for similar events:A case study of the 1999Xiuyan,China,sequence and synthetic sensitivity tests[J].J Geophys Res,180(2):829-846.
Shally D R,Beroza G C,Ide S.2007.Non-volcanic tremor and low-frequency earthquake swarms[J].Nature,446(7133):305-307.
Stankova J,Bilek S L,Rowe C A,Aster R C.2008.Characteristics of the October 2005microearthquakes swarm and reactivation of similar event seismic swarms over decadal time periods near Socorro,New Mexico[J].Bull Seismol SocAm,98(1):93-105.
Tang C C,Peng Z G,Chao K,Chen C H,Lin C H.2010.Detecting low-frequency earthquakes within non-volcanictremor in southern Taiwan triggered by 2005 MW8.6Nias earthquake[J].Geophys Res Lett,37:L16307.doi:10.1029/2010GL043918.
van Trees H L.1968.Detection,Estimation and Modulation Theory[M].New York:John Wiley and Sons:208-210.
Waldhauser F,Ellsworth W L.2000.A double-difference earthquake location algorithm:Method and application to thenorthern Hayward fault,California[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,90(6):1353-1368.
Yamashita T.1998.Simulation of seismicity due to fliud migration in a fault zone[J].Geophys J Int,132(3):674-686.
Yang H,Zhu L,Chu R.2009.Fault-plane determination of the 18April 2008Mount Carmel,Illinois,earthquake by detecting and relocating aftershocks[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,99(6):3413-3420.
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