四川芦山地震灾害调查与灾后重建的相关问题分析
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摘要
2013年4月20日四川省芦山县发生Ms7.0级地震,发震断层为龙门山前山断裂,即大川—双石断裂。这是继2008年汶川地震后发生在龙门山断裂带的又一次强震。自4月25日起,笔者先后3次前往地震灾区进行地震灾害调查。本文小结主要的地震灾害情况,并简要讨论了灾后重建可能面临的问题。结果表明:相对于汶川地震,芦山地震的灾害相对较轻;沿发震断裂未发现明显的地表破裂带;崩塌滑坡的总体规模较小,也未出现明显的堰塞湖;滑坡点主要沿发震断层分布,岩性以三叠系上统须家河组地层为主;崩塌点主要出现在河流的峡谷段,岩性以砾岩为主,少量为侵入岩;建筑物损坏严重的基本上为砖木结构以及无圈梁或构造柱的砖混结构民居;灾后重建面临的主要地质灾害问题是主要公路的崩塌灾害以及宝兴县城的泥石流防治。
In April 20,2013,a strong earthquake measured Ms7.0 hitted Lushan county,Sichuan province,which was induced by Longmenshan front fault,i.e.Dachuan-Shuangshi fault.It was the second large earthquake occurred along Longmenshan fault zone since Wenchuan earthquake in 2008.From April 25on,the authors made three field visits to the quake-hit area.The disasters were summarized,and the potential problems during post-quake reconstruction were discussed.The results showed that compared with Wenchuan earthquake,the quake-induced disasters were lighter;no obvious surface ruptures were ever witnessed along the quake-inducing fault;both landslide and rockfall happened in small scale,so no large barrier lake was ever formed;landslide distributed along the seismogenic fault,and the rock types were Xujiahe Formation of Upper Triassic;rockfall appeared mainly in the gorge segment of rivers,and the rock types were mainly conglomerate and secondly intrusive rock;severe building damages were mainly brick-wood structured residential housings or brick-concrete-structured ones without constructional columns or ring beams;the major geohazard problems during post-quake reconstruction were rockfalls along major roads and debris flow in Baxing county town.
In April 20,2013,a strong earthquake measured Ms7.0 hitted Lushan county,Sichuan province,which was induced by Longmenshan front fault,i.e.Dachuan-Shuangshi fault.It was the second large earthquake occurred along Longmenshan fault zone since Wenchuan earthquake in 2008.From April 25on,the authors made three field visits to the quake-hit area.The disasters were summarized,and the potential problems during post-quake reconstruction were discussed.The results showed that compared with Wenchuan earthquake,the quake-induced disasters were lighter;no obvious surface ruptures were ever witnessed along the quake-inducing fault;both landslide and rockfall happened in small scale,so no large barrier lake was ever formed;landslide distributed along the seismogenic fault,and the rock types were Xujiahe Formation of Upper Triassic;rockfall appeared mainly in the gorge segment of rivers,and the rock types were mainly conglomerate and secondly intrusive rock;severe building damages were mainly brick-wood structured residential housings or brick-concrete-structured ones without constructional columns or ring beams;the major geohazard problems during post-quake reconstruction were rockfalls along major roads and debris flow in Baxing county town.
引文
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[9]谢和平,邓建辉,台佳佳,等.汶川大地震灾害与灾区重建的岩土工程问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1781-1791.XIE He-ping,DENG Jian-hui,TAI Jia-jia,et al.Wen-chuan Large Earthquake and Post-earthquake Recon-struction-related Geotechnical Problems[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(9):1781-1791.
[10]TAI J J,DENG J H,CHEN F,et al.Characterizationof Surface Rupture and Structural Damage in Hongk-ou Town During Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal ofEarthquake and Tsunami,2011,5(4):363-387.
[11]张岳桥,李海龙.龙门山断裂带西南段晚第四纪活动性调查与分析[J].第四纪研究,2010,30(4):699-710.ZHANG Yue-qiao,LI Hai-long.Late Quaternary ActiveFaulting Along the SW Segment of the LongmenshanFault Zone[J].Quaternary Sciences,2010,30(4):699-710.
[2]中国地震局.四川省芦山“4.20”7.0级强烈地震已造成196人死亡[EB/OL].(2013-04-30)[2013-05-15].http://www.eqsc.gov.cn/zt/ljysdzzt_2191/swqk/201304/t20130430_26130.html.China Earthquake Administration.Death of 196Peo-ple by Lushan“4.20”Ms7.0Earthquake in SichuanProvince[EB/OL].(2013-04-30)[2013-05-15].http://www.eqsc.gov.cn/zt/ljysdzzt_2191/swqk/201304/t20130430_26130.html.
[3]中国地震局.四川省芦山“4.20”7.0级强烈地震共记录到余震8 791次[EB/OL].(2013-05-12)[2013-05-15].http://www.cea.gov.cn/publish/dizhenj/464/515/20130514143912363341965/index.html.China Earthquake Administration.8 791AftershocksRecorded After Lushan“4.20”Ms7.0Earthquake inSichuan Province[EB/OL].(2013-05-12)[2013-05-15].http://www.cea.gov.cn/publish/dizhenj/464/515/20130514143912363341965/index.html.
[4]唐荣昌,韩渭宾.四川活动断裂与地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1993.TANG Rong-chang,HAN Wei-bin.Active Faults andEarthquakes in Sichuan[M].Beijing:SeismologicalPress,1993.
[5]邓起东,陈社发,赵小麟.龙门山及其邻区的构造和地震活动及动力学[J].地震地质,1994,16(4):389-403.DENG Qi-dong,CHEN She-fa,ZHAO Xiao-lin.Tectonics,Seismisity and Dynamics of Longmenshan Mountainsand Its Adjacent Regions[J].Seismology and Geolo-gy,1994,16(4):389-403.
[6]陈国光,计凤桔,周荣军,等.龙门山断裂带晚第四纪活动性分段的初步研究[J].地震地质,2007,29(3):657-673.CHEN Guo-guang,JI Feng-ju,ZHOU Rong-jun,et al.Primary Research of Activity Segmentation of Long-menshan Fault Zone Since Late Quaternary[J].Seis-mology and Geology,2007,29(3):657-673.
[7]易桂喜,龙锋,乔慧珍,等.青藏高原东缘龙门山断裂带南西段地震危险性分析[J].国际地震动态,2012(6):97.YI Gui-xi,LONG Feng,QIAO Hui-zhen,et al.Earth-quake Risk Analysis of the SW Segment of Longmen-shan Fault Belt in the East Rim of Qinghai-TibetPlateau[J].Recent Developments in World Seismolo-gy,2012(6):97.
[8]秦向辉,陈群策,谭成轩,等.龙门山断裂带西南段现今地应力状态与地震危险性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(增1):2870-2876.QIN Xiang-hui,CHEN Qun-ce,TAN Cheng-xuan,et al.Analysis of Current Geostress State and Seismic Riskin Southwest Segment of Longmenshan Fracture Belt[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engi-neering,2013,32(S1):2870-2876.
[9]谢和平,邓建辉,台佳佳,等.汶川大地震灾害与灾区重建的岩土工程问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1781-1791.XIE He-ping,DENG Jian-hui,TAI Jia-jia,et al.Wen-chuan Large Earthquake and Post-earthquake Recon-struction-related Geotechnical Problems[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(9):1781-1791.
[10]TAI J J,DENG J H,CHEN F,et al.Characterizationof Surface Rupture and Structural Damage in Hongk-ou Town During Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal ofEarthquake and Tsunami,2011,5(4):363-387.
[11]张岳桥,李海龙.龙门山断裂带西南段晚第四纪活动性调查与分析[J].第四纪研究,2010,30(4):699-710.ZHANG Yue-qiao,LI Hai-long.Late Quaternary ActiveFaulting Along the SW Segment of the LongmenshanFault Zone[J].Quaternary Sciences,2010,30(4):699-710.
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