地震子波频率浅析
|
摘要
地震子波频率概念的合理选择与准确应用对于地震采集设计、地震模拟研究、地震资料处理、地震属性分析以及质量评价等是非常重要的。针对目前地震子波频率由于定义方式出现的各种概念(视频率、主频、峰值频率、中心频率等)以及理解上出现的偏差等问题,首先从时间域定义和频率域定义2个方面进行了归纳和总结, 并在此基础上对3种常用地震子波(Ricker子波,Zinc子波,正弦指数衰减子波)进行了分析和研究,得出视频率与主频概念一致,但不同地震子波的峰值频率、中心频率和视频率(或主频)之间并不完全一致的结论;而对于实际地震资料,将峰值频率近似看作地震子波的主频是可以的,但在地震子波已知的情形下这样做是不恰当的,甚至可能会得出错误的结论和认识。
It is very important to choose accurately seismic wavelet frequency for seismic acquisition parameter design, seismic forward modeling, seismic data processing, seismic attribution analysis, seismic data appreciation etc. The issues of present seismic wavelet frequency caused by different concepts, such as apparent frequency, dominant frequency, peak frequency and centroid frequency, etc. , which are defined by different methods, and understanding deviation. definition of seismic wavelet frequency for time and frequency domain are concluded and summarized. On this basis, three kinds of seismic wavelets in common use such as Ricker and Zinc wavelets as well as sine wavelet with exponential attenuation characteristics are analyzed and a conclude is achieved that apparent frequency and dominant frequency are consistent in essence, but peak frequency and centroid frequency as well as apparent frequency or dominant frequency are not completely consistent with different seismic wavelets. For actual seismic data, peak frequency can approximately be used as dominant frequency, but it is not suitable when seismic wavelet is known for it can give out any wrong knowledge and results.
It is very important to choose accurately seismic wavelet frequency for seismic acquisition parameter design, seismic forward modeling, seismic data processing, seismic attribution analysis, seismic data appreciation etc. The issues of present seismic wavelet frequency caused by different concepts, such as apparent frequency, dominant frequency, peak frequency and centroid frequency, etc. , which are defined by different methods, and understanding deviation. definition of seismic wavelet frequency for time and frequency domain are concluded and summarized. On this basis, three kinds of seismic wavelets in common use such as Ricker and Zinc wavelets as well as sine wavelet with exponential attenuation characteristics are analyzed and a conclude is achieved that apparent frequency and dominant frequency are consistent in essence, but peak frequency and centroid frequency as well as apparent frequency or dominant frequency are not completely consistent with different seismic wavelets. For actual seismic data, peak frequency can approximately be used as dominant frequency, but it is not suitable when seismic wavelet is known for it can give out any wrong knowledge and results.
引文
1张军华,陆文志,王月英,等．薄层地球物理特征再认识 [J]．石油物探,2004,43(6):541-546
2凌云研究组．应用振幅的调谐作用探测地层厚度小于 1／4波长的地质目标[J]．石油地球物理勘探,2003,38 (3):268-274
3俞寿朋．高分辨率地震勘探[M]．北京:石油工业出版 社,1993．1-34
4牟永光．地震勘探资料数字处理方法[M]．北京:石油工 业出版社,1981．56-98
5杨宝俊,牛滨华,闫贫．勘探地震学导论[M]．长春:吉林 科学技术出版社,1992．75-137
6何樵登．地震勘探原理和方法[M]．北京:地质出版社, 1986．18-26
7陆基孟．地震勘探原理[M]．石油工业出版社,1982．1- 82
8李庆忠．走向精确勘探的道路——高分辨率地震勘探系 统工程剖析[M]．北京:石油工业出版社,1994．12-30
9俞寿朋．宽带Ricker子波[J]．石油地球物理勘探, 1996,31(5):605-616
10 Kallweit R S,Wood L C. The limits of resolution of zero-phase wavelets[J]. Geophysics, 1982,47 (7): 1 035-1 046
10谢里夫R E,吉尔达特L P．勘探地震学(第二版上册) [M]．初英,李承楚,王宏伟,等译．北京:石油工业出版 社,1999．234-235
12陈遵德．储层地震属性优化方法[M]．北京:石油工业 出版社,1998．20-22
13 Quan Y L, Harris J M. Seismic attenuation tomography using the frequency shift method[J]. Geophysics, 1997, 62(3):895-905
14钱绍瑚,刘来祥．零相位子波的垂向分辨率[J]．石油物 探,1988,27(3):1-9
15赵晨光．薄互层地震反射波的特征分析[J]．石油地球 物理勘探,1986,21(1):32-46
16苏盛甫．薄储集层的反射特征和定量解释方法[J]．石 油地球物理勘探,1988,23(4):387-402
2凌云研究组．应用振幅的调谐作用探测地层厚度小于 1／4波长的地质目标[J]．石油地球物理勘探,2003,38 (3):268-274
3俞寿朋．高分辨率地震勘探[M]．北京:石油工业出版 社,1993．1-34
4牟永光．地震勘探资料数字处理方法[M]．北京:石油工 业出版社,1981．56-98
5杨宝俊,牛滨华,闫贫．勘探地震学导论[M]．长春:吉林 科学技术出版社,1992．75-137
6何樵登．地震勘探原理和方法[M]．北京:地质出版社, 1986．18-26
7陆基孟．地震勘探原理[M]．石油工业出版社,1982．1- 82
8李庆忠．走向精确勘探的道路——高分辨率地震勘探系 统工程剖析[M]．北京:石油工业出版社,1994．12-30
9俞寿朋．宽带Ricker子波[J]．石油地球物理勘探, 1996,31(5):605-616
10 Kallweit R S,Wood L C. The limits of resolution of zero-phase wavelets[J]. Geophysics, 1982,47 (7): 1 035-1 046
10谢里夫R E,吉尔达特L P．勘探地震学(第二版上册) [M]．初英,李承楚,王宏伟,等译．北京:石油工业出版 社,1999．234-235
12陈遵德．储层地震属性优化方法[M]．北京:石油工业 出版社,1998．20-22
13 Quan Y L, Harris J M. Seismic attenuation tomography using the frequency shift method[J]. Geophysics, 1997, 62(3):895-905
14钱绍瑚,刘来祥．零相位子波的垂向分辨率[J]．石油物 探,1988,27(3):1-9
15赵晨光．薄互层地震反射波的特征分析[J]．石油地球 物理勘探,1986,21(1):32-46
16苏盛甫．薄储集层的反射特征和定量解释方法[J]．石 油地球物理勘探,1988,23(4):387-402
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心