藏东南及周边地区地震活动特征研究
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摘要
藏东南及周边地区是印度板块与欧亚板块动力碰撞的影响区,该区历史地震活动强烈,曾发生过1950年墨脱—察隅8.6级和1951年当雄8.0级地震。本文首先介绍藏东南及周边地区的地质构造背景,其次通过考察该地区强震活动情况和活动地块边界带相关段落的加卸载响应比(LURR)时序特征,分析了研究区的强震活动状态。从历史地震活动看,安达曼弧地区与喜马拉雅东构造结地区强震活动存在一定的动力关联,当前研究区域的周边动力环境表现为安达曼弧地区地震活动强烈和东构造结地区的持续平静。从地震活动图像看,1980年以来6级以上地震在藏东南及周边地区已经形成空区,表现类似于1950年墨脱—察隅地震前的空间分布特征。从活动地块边界带相关段落LURR时序特征看,喜马拉雅带东段现处于高应力状态,其次为澜沧江带与三江带。
Southeastern Tibet and surrounding area is influenced by the dynamic collision between Indian plate and Eurasian plate,with strong historic seismic activity,including the 1950 Medog-Zayu M8.6 earthquake and the 1951 Dangxiong M8.0 earthquake.In this paper,we first presented the tectonic setting of Southeastern Tibet and surrounding areas firstly and then analysed the characteristics of seismic activity in this region by investigating activities of strong earthquakes and Load/Unload Response Ratio(LURR) time series of segments of the boundaries among active tectonic blocks.In view of the historical seismicity,we found a certain kinematical association between the Andaman arc and the eastern Himalayan system,and the current dynamic environment surrounding the study area is strong seismicly in the Andaman arc and seismicly quiescent in eastern Himalayan system.From the image of seismic activities,earthquakes with magnitude larger than or equal to 6.0 since 1980 have formed a circular seismic gap in southeastern Tibet and surrounding areas,whose spatial distribution is similar to that during the 10 years before the 1950 Medog-Zayu M8.6 earthquake.In terms of the LURR time series for segments of the active tectonic boundaries in the region,the eastern segment of Himalayan boundary is in the high stress state,followed by the Lancang River and Sanjiang tectonic boundaries.
Southeastern Tibet and surrounding area is influenced by the dynamic collision between Indian plate and Eurasian plate,with strong historic seismic activity,including the 1950 Medog-Zayu M8.6 earthquake and the 1951 Dangxiong M8.0 earthquake.In this paper,we first presented the tectonic setting of Southeastern Tibet and surrounding areas firstly and then analysed the characteristics of seismic activity in this region by investigating activities of strong earthquakes and Load/Unload Response Ratio(LURR) time series of segments of the boundaries among active tectonic blocks.In view of the historical seismicity,we found a certain kinematical association between the Andaman arc and the eastern Himalayan system,and the current dynamic environment surrounding the study area is strong seismicly in the Andaman arc and seismicly quiescent in eastern Himalayan system.From the image of seismic activities,earthquakes with magnitude larger than or equal to 6.0 since 1980 have formed a circular seismic gap in southeastern Tibet and surrounding areas,whose spatial distribution is similar to that during the 10 years before the 1950 Medog-Zayu M8.6 earthquake.In terms of the LURR time series for segments of the active tectonic boundaries in the region,the eastern segment of Himalayan boundary is in the high stress state,followed by the Lancang River and Sanjiang tectonic boundaries.
引文
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[33]尹祥础.地震预测新途径的探索[J].中国地震,1987,3:1-7.
[34]尹祥础,尹灿.非线性系统的失稳前兆与地震预测[J].中国科学,1991,5:512-518.
[35]Yin X C,Zhang L P,Zhang H H,et al.LURR′s Twenty Years and its Perspective[J].Pure andApplied Geophysics,2006.163(11):2 317-2 341.
[36]Yin X C,Zhang L P,Zhang Y X,et al.The peak point of LURR and its significance[J].Concur-rency and Computation:Practice and Experience,2010,22(12):1 549-1 558.Doi:10.1002/cpe.1 514.
[37]Zhang L P,Yin X C,Liang N G.Relation between Load/Unload Response Ratio and Damage Vari-able and its application[J].Concurrency and Computation:Practice and Experience,2010,22(12):1 534-1 548.Doi:10.1002/cpe.1 513.
[38]张国民,马宏生,王辉,等.中国大陆活动地块边界带与强震活动[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(3):602-610.
[39]张浪平,李志雄,邵志刚,等.中国大陆活动地块边界带强震趋势研究[J].地震,2010,30(3):53-63.
[40]Avouac J P,Tapponnier P.Kinematic model of active deformation in central Asia[J].Geophys ResLett,1993,20:895-898.
[41]Seno T,Sakurai T,Stein S.Can the Okhotsk Plate be discriminated from the North AmericanPlate?[J].J Geophys Res,1996,101,11 305-11 315.
[42]Hisashi Suito,Mikio Iizuka,Kazuro Hirahara.3-D viscoelastic FEM Modeling of crustal deforma-tion in Mrotheast Japan[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,2002,159:2 239-2 259.
[2]张国民,李献智,耿鲁明.印度板块北边界地震活动和中国大陆地震[J].地震,1994,14(3):1-9.
[3]傅征祥,姜立新.中国大陆及邻区大尺度浅源强震空间分布的不均匀性和板块耦合的力学机制[J].中国地震,1997,13(1):1-9.
[4]杨立明,梅秀苹.地震活动相关性定量方法及其在印度板块动力触角对中国西部地区地震影响中的应用[J].西北地震学报,2005,27(4):317-321.
[5]Steckler Michael S,Humayun Akhter S,Leonardo Seeber.Collision of the Ganges-BrahmaputraDelta with Burma Arc:Implications for earthquake hazard[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2008,273,367-378.
[6]Bilham R,Vinod K.Gaur,Peter Molnar.Himalayan Seismic Hazard[J].Science,2001,293:1 442-1 444.
[7]Paul J,Bürgmann R,Gaur V K,et al.The motion and active deformation of India[J].GeophysicalResearch Letters,2001,28(4):647-650.Doi:10.1029/2000GL011832.
[8]Schulte-Pelkum V,Monsalve G,Sheehan A,et al.Imaging the Indian subcontinent beneath the Hi-malaya[J].Nature,2005,435(30):1 222-1 225.
[9]丁林,钟大赉,潘欲生,等.东喜马拉雅构造结上新世以来快速抬升的裂变径迹证据[J].科学通报,1995,40(16):1 497-1 500.
[10]Tapponnier Pual,Xu Zhiqin,Francoise Roger,et al.Oblique stepwise rise and growth of the TibetPlateau[J].Science,2001,294(5 547):1 671-1 677.Doi:10.1126/science.105978.
[11]邓起东,张培震,冉永康,等.中国活动构造基本特征[J].中国科学(D),2002,32(12):1 020-1 031.
[12]张培震,邓起东,张国民,等.中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块[J].中国科学,2003,33(增刊):12-20.
[13]Alex Copley.Kinematics and dynamics of the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Geo-phys J Int,2008,174,1 081-1 100.
[14]Burchfiel B C.New technology:New geological challenges[J].GSA today,2004,14(2):4-10.
[15]Shen Zheng-kang,Jiangning L,üMin Wang,et al.Contemporary crustal deformation around thesoutheast borderland of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2005,110(B11409),Doi:10.1029/2004JB003421.
[16]唐荣昌,韩渭宾.四川活动断裂与地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1993.
[17]吕弋培,廖华,苏琴,等.川滇菱形块体边界的现今地壳形变[J].中国地震,2002,18(1):28-37.
[18]李京昌.滇西怒江断裂带新构造特征[J].地震地质,1998,20(4):312-320.
[19]Armijo R,Tapponnier P,Han Tonglin.Late Cenozoic right-lateral strike-slip faulting in southernTibet[J].J Geophys Res,1989,94:2 787-2 838.
[20]任金卫,沈军,曹忠权,等.西藏东南部嘉黎断裂新知[J].地震地质,2000,22(4):344-350.
[21]Taylor M,Yin A.Active structures of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen and their relationships toearthquake distribution,contemporary strain field,and Cenozoic volcanism[J].Geosphere,2009,5(3):199-214.Doi:10.1130/GES00217.1.
[22]Tsutsumi H,Sato T.Tectonic geomorphology of the southernmost Sagaing Fault and surface rup-ture associated with the May 1930 Pegu(Bago)earthquake,Myanmar[J].Bulletin of the Seismolog-ical Society of America,2009,99(4):2 155-2 168.
[23]Socquet A,Vigny C,Chamot-Rooke N,et al.India and Sunda plates motion and deformation alongtheir boundary in Myanmar determined by GPS[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2006,111(B05406),Doi:10.1029/2005JB003877.
[24]Vigny C,Socquet A,Rangin C,et al.Present-day crustal deformation around Sagaing fault,Myan-mar[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2003,108(B11):2 533,Doi:10.1029/2002JB001999.
[25]Maurin T,Masson F,Rangin C,et al.First global positioning system results in northern Myanmar:Constant and localized slip along the Sagaing fault[J].Geology,2010,38(7):591-594.Doi:10.1130/G30872.1.
[26]国家地震局震害防御司.中国历史强震目录[M].北京:地震出版社,1995.
[27]中国地震局震害防御司.中国近代地震目录[M].北京:地震出版社,1999.
[28]中国地震局监测预报司.地震目录汇编[M].2004.
[29]陈立德,付虹.安达曼弧与缅甸、云南强震相关性研究[J].地震研究,2007,30(1):14-17.
[30]时振梁,汪良谋,傅征祥,等.中国大陆中长期强震危险性预测方法研究[M].北京:海洋出版社,1997.
[31]Yadav R B S,Bormann P,Rastogi B K,et al.A homogeneous and complete earthquake catalog forNortheast India and the adjoining region[J].Seismological Research Letters,2009,80(4):609-627.Doi:10.1785/gssrl.80.4.609.
[32]郭增建,马宗晋.中国特大地震研究(一)[M].北京:地震出版社,1988.
[33]尹祥础.地震预测新途径的探索[J].中国地震,1987,3:1-7.
[34]尹祥础,尹灿.非线性系统的失稳前兆与地震预测[J].中国科学,1991,5:512-518.
[35]Yin X C,Zhang L P,Zhang H H,et al.LURR′s Twenty Years and its Perspective[J].Pure andApplied Geophysics,2006.163(11):2 317-2 341.
[36]Yin X C,Zhang L P,Zhang Y X,et al.The peak point of LURR and its significance[J].Concur-rency and Computation:Practice and Experience,2010,22(12):1 549-1 558.Doi:10.1002/cpe.1 514.
[37]Zhang L P,Yin X C,Liang N G.Relation between Load/Unload Response Ratio and Damage Vari-able and its application[J].Concurrency and Computation:Practice and Experience,2010,22(12):1 534-1 548.Doi:10.1002/cpe.1 513.
[38]张国民,马宏生,王辉,等.中国大陆活动地块边界带与强震活动[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(3):602-610.
[39]张浪平,李志雄,邵志刚,等.中国大陆活动地块边界带强震趋势研究[J].地震,2010,30(3):53-63.
[40]Avouac J P,Tapponnier P.Kinematic model of active deformation in central Asia[J].Geophys ResLett,1993,20:895-898.
[41]Seno T,Sakurai T,Stein S.Can the Okhotsk Plate be discriminated from the North AmericanPlate?[J].J Geophys Res,1996,101,11 305-11 315.
[42]Hisashi Suito,Mikio Iizuka,Kazuro Hirahara.3-D viscoelastic FEM Modeling of crustal deforma-tion in Mrotheast Japan[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,2002,159:2 239-2 259.
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