2014年鲁甸M_S6.5地震触发滑坡编录及其对一些地震参数的指示
详细信息 本馆镜像全文    |  推荐本文 | | 获取馆网全文
摘要
2014年8月3日云南鲁甸MS6.5地震不仅直接造成建筑倒塌,还触发了大量的山体滑坡,一些滑坡掩埋了居民点,造成了严重的人员伤亡与财产损失。基于震后高分辨率TH01-02与SJ9A卫星影像,震前高分辨率GF1卫星影像,采用人工目视解译方法,建立了鲁甸地震滑坡编录图。并基于部分滑坡的野外照片与超高分辨率航片对解译结果进行验证。结果表明,鲁甸地震至少触发了1024处面积>100m2的滑坡。这些滑坡分布在一个面积约为250km2的区域内,滑坡覆盖面积为5.19km2,总体积约为2.2×107m3。滑坡分布区内的滑坡点密度约为4.03个·km-2,面密度约为2.04%,滑坡平均剥蚀厚度约为86.7mm。对震中周围不同方位的滑坡数量与面积进行了统计,结果显示,滑坡总体上呈NW-SE方向分布,且大多数滑坡位于震中的SE方向。这表明鲁甸地震发震构造更可能是一条NW向断层,且破裂方向是自NW向SE。这与其他地震、地质、地球物理等方面的证据所表现出来的发震断层性质相吻合。将鲁甸地震滑坡分布面积、滑坡数量、面积、体积与全球其他震例进行对比,结果表明,鲁甸地震滑坡分布区较小,但是大滑坡较多、滑坡体积相对大。这反映了鲁甸地震具有震源浅与地震能量衰减迅速的特点。
On August 3,2014,an earthquake with MS6. 5 occurred at Ludian County,Yunnan Province of China. The earthquake caused 617 deaths,112 missing, and 3,143 injured. Thousands of landslides were triggered by the earthquake and some of the landslides buried a few settlements,which resulted in significant casualties and property losses. In this study,we compiled an inventory of landslides triggered by the Ludian earthquake based on visual interpretation of high resolution satellite images,which are TH01- 02 and SJ9 A satellite images photoed post-earthquake and GF1 images shot pre-earthquake. Furthermore,some of the landslides were verified by field photos and / or very high resolution aerial photographs. The result shows the Ludian earthquake triggered at least 1024 landslides with an area equal to or larger than 100m2. The landslides are distributed in a 250km2 area,with a total landslide area of 5. 19km2 and a total volume of 2. 2 × 107m3. In the landslidedistributing area,the landslide number density is 4. 03km- 2,the landslide area density is 2. 04%,and the landslide erosion thickness is about 86. 7mm. The statistical result of landslide number and area in different directions of the epicenter shows that the main spread direction of the landslides is northwest-southeast and most of the landslides occurred southeast of the epicenter. This suggests that the seismogenic fault of the earthquake probably trends to northwest and the rupture direction is from northwest to southeast,which is consistent with evidences from seismic,geological,geophysical,as well as other aspects. Comparing the landslide distribution area,landslide number,landslide area,and landslide volume related to the Ludian earthquake with those of other earthquakes worldwide,the result shows that the earthquake registered a smaller landslide distribution area but a larger landslide area and a much larger landslide volume. It suggests that the hypocenter of the Ludian earthquake is shallow and seismic energy attenuation of the event is quite rapid.
引文
刁桂苓,王晓山,高国英,等.2010.以震源机制类型划分汶川、玉树地震构造块体归属[J].地球物理学报,53(8):1778—1783.DIAO Gui-ling,WANG Xiao-shan,GAO Guo-ying,et al.2010.Tectonic block attribution of Wenchuan and Yushuearthquake distinguished by focal mechanism type[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,53(8):1778—1783(inChinese).
    孙鑫喆,徐锡伟,陈立春,等.2010.青海玉树MS7.1地震2个典型地点的地表破裂特征[J].地震地质,32(2):338—344.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2010.02.017.SUN Xin-zhe,XU Xi-wei,CHEN Li-chun,et al.2010.Characteristics of surface rupture of the MS7.1 Yushu,Qinghai Province earthquake at two representative places[J].Seismology and Geology,32(2):338—344(inChinese).
    田颖颖,许冲,徐锡伟,等.2014.2014年鲁甸MS6.5地震震前与同震滑坡空间分布规律对比分析[J].地震地质,待刊.TIAN Ying-ying,XU Chong,XU Xi-wei,et al.2014.Spatial distribution analysis of coseismic and pre-earthquakelandslides triggered by the 2014 Ludian MS6.5 earthquake[J].Seismology and Geology,Submitted(inChinese).
    许冲.2014.2008年汶川地震前的中国大陆地震滑坡研究[J].科技导报,32(16):63—77.XU Chong.2014.Overview of earthquake-triggered landslides across China mainland before the 2008 WenchuanMW7.9 earthquake[J].Science&Technology Review,32(16):63—77(in Chinese).
    许冲,戴福初,徐锡伟.2010.汶川地震滑坡灾害研究综述[J].地质论评,56(6):860—874.XU Chong,DAI Fu-chu,XU Xi-wei.2010.Wenchuan earthquake induced landslides:An overview[J].GeologicalReview,56(6):860—874(in Chinese).
    许冲,徐锡伟,郑文俊,等.2013a.2013年四川省芦山“4.20”7.0级强烈地震触发滑坡[J].地震地质,35(3):641—660.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2013.03.018.XU Chong,XU Xi-wei,ZHENG Wen-jun,et al.2013a.Landslides triggered by the April 20,2013 Lushan,SichuanProvince MS7.0 strong earthquake of China[J].Seismology and Geology,35(3):641—660(in Chinese).
    许冲,徐锡伟,郑文俊.2013b.2013年7月22日岷县漳县MS6.6地震滑坡编录与空间分布规律分析[J].工程地质学报,21(5):736—749.XU Chong,XU Xi-wei,ZHENG Wen-jun.2013b.Compiling inventory of landslides triggered by Minxian-Zhangxianearthquake of July 22,2013 and their spatial distribution analysis[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,21(5):736—749(in Chinese).
    许冲,徐锡伟,郑文俊,等.2013c.2013年甘肃岷县漳县6.6级地震触发滑坡及其构造分析[J].地震地质,35(3):616—626.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2013.03.015.XU Chong,XU Xi-wei,ZHENG Wen-jun,et al.2013c.Landslides triggered by the 2013 Minxian-Zhangxian,GansuProvince MS6.6 earthquake and its tectonic analysis[J].Seismology and Geology,35(3):616—626(inChinese).
    许冲,肖建章.2013d.2013年芦山地震滑坡空间分布分析:以太平镇东北方向的一个典型矩形区为例[J].地震地质,35(2):436—451.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2013.02.021.XU Chong,XIAO Jian-zhang.2013d.Spatial analysis of landslides triggered by the 2013 MS7.0 Lushan earthquake:A case study of a typical rectangle area in the northeast of Taiping Town[J].Seismology and Geology,35(2):436—451(in Chinese).
    许冲,徐锡伟.2013e.2008年汶川地震导致的斜坡物质响应率及其空间分布规律分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,32(S2):3888—3908.XU Chong,XU Xi-wei.2013e.Response rate of seismic slope mass movements related with the 2008 Wenchuanearthquake and its spatial distribution analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,32(S2):3888—3908(in Chinese).
    许冲,徐锡伟.2014.21世纪初几次大地震事件触发滑坡基础数据建设[J].地震地质,36(1):90—104.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2014.02.008.XU Chong,XU Xi-wei.2014.Construction of basic earthquake-triggered landslides dataset for several large earthquakeevents at the beginning of the twenty-first century[J].Seismology and Geology,36(1):90—104(in Chinese).
    许冲,徐锡伟,徐澔德.2014.2013年中国芦山地震滑坡编录与导致的斜坡物质损失量[A].第1届中国地球科学联合学术年会.北京.15,活动断层长期滑动习性、深部结构与地震,781—784.XU Chong,XU Xi-wei,XU Hao-de.2014.Inventory and caused net volume loss of landslides triggered by theLushan,China earthquake of 20 April 2013[C].In:The 1stSession of the Joint Annual Conference on EarthScience of China,Beijing.15,the Long-term Slip Behavior of Active Faults,Deep Structure and Earthquake,781—784(in Chinese).
    许冲,徐锡伟,于贵华.2012.玉树地震滑坡分布调查及其特征与形成机制[J].地震地质,34(1):47—62.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2012.01.006.XU Chong,XU Xi-wei,YU Gui-hua.2012.Study on the characteristics,mechanism,and spatial distribution ofYushu earthquake triggered landslides[J].Seismology and Geology,34(1):47—62(in Chinese).
    徐锡伟,江国焰,于贵华,等.2014a.鲁甸6.5级地震发震断层判定及其构造属性讨论[J].地球物理学报,57(9):3060—3068.XU Xi-wei,JIANG Guo-yan,YU Gui-hua,et al.2014a.Discussion on seismogenic fault of the Ludian MS6.5earthquake and its tectonic attribution[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,57(9):3060—3068(in Chinese).
    徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青,等.2008.汶川MS8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造[J].地震地质,30(3):597—629.XU Xi-wei,WEN Xue-ze,YE Jian-qing,et al.2008.The MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and itsseismogenic structure[J].Seismology and Geology,30(3):597—629(in Chinese).
    徐锡伟,许冲,李西.2014b.鲁甸地震地表破裂带及其发震构造[EB/OL][Z].http:∥www.eq-igl.ac.cn/wwwroot/c_000000090002/d_1445.html.XU Xi-wei,XU Chong,LI Xi.2014b.Coseismic surface ruptures and seismogenic fault of the Ludian earthquake[EB/OL][Z].http:∥www.eq-igl.ac.cn/wwwroot/c_000000090002/d_1445.html(in Chinese).
    郑文俊,闵伟,何文贵,等.2013.2013年甘肃岷县漳县6.6级地震震害分布特征及发震构造分析[J].地震地质,35(3):604—615.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2013.03.014.ZHENG Wen-jun,MIN Wei,HE Wen-gui,et al.2013.Distribution of the related disaster and causative tectonic ofthe Minxian-Zhangxian MS6.6 earthquake on July 22,2013,Gansu[J].Seismology and Geology,35(3):604—615(in Chinese).
    周庆,江亚风,吴果,等.2014.芦山地震崩滑灾害空间分布及相关问题探讨[J].地震地质,36(2):344—357.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2014.02.006.ZHOU Qing,JIANG Ya-feng,WU Guo,et al.2014.Distribution of coseismic landslides in Lushan earthquake anddiscussion on related problems[J].Seismology and Geology,36(2):344—357(in Chinese).
    Basharat M,Rohn J,Baig M S,et al.2014.Spatial distribution analysis of mass movements triggered by the 2005kashmir earthquake in the Northeast Himalayas of Pakistan[J].Geomorphology,26:203—214.
    Gorum T,Korup O,van Westen C J,et al.2014.Why so few?Landslides triggered by the 2002 Denali earthquake,Alaska[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,95:80—94.
    Guzzetti F,Mondini A C,Cardinali M,et al.2012.Landslide inventory maps:New tools for an old problem[J].Earth-Science Reviews,112(1-2):42—66.
    Harp E L,Jibson R W.1995.Inventory of landslides triggered by the 1994 Northridge,California earthquake[EB/OL][Z].http:∥pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/ofr-95-0213/plate1.gif;http:∥geo-nsdi.er.usgs.gov/metadata/open-file/95-213/.
    Harp E L,Keefer D K,Sato H P,et al.2011.Landslide inventories:The essential part of seismic landslide hazardanalyses[J].Engineering Geology,122(1-2):9—21.
    Harp E L,Tanaka K,Sarmiento J,et al.1984.Landslides from the May 25-27,1980,Mammoth Lakes,California,earthquake sequence[R].US Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1612,Reston VA:The Survey;Denver,CO:For Sale by Branch of Distribution,Scale 1:62,500.
    Jibson R W,Harp E L,Schulz W,et al.2004.Landslides triggered by the 2002 Denali Fault,Alaska,earthquakeand the inferred nature of the strong shaking[J].Earthquake Spectra,20(3):669—691.
    Kamp U,Growley B J,Khattak G A,et al.2008.GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping for the 2005 kashmirearthquake region[J].Geomorphology,101(4):631—642.
    Keefer D K.1984.Landslides caused by earthquakes[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,95(4):406—421.
    Keefer D K.1994.The importance of earthquake-induced landslides to long-term slope erosion and slope-failurehazards in seismically active regions[J].Geomorphology,10(1-4):265—284.
    Keefer D K.2002.Investigating landslides caused by earthquakes-A historical review[J].Surveys in Geophysics,23(6):473—510.
    Larsen I J,Montgomery D R,Korup O.2010.Landslide erosion controlled by hillslope material[J].NatureGeoscience,3(4):247—251.
    Liao H W,Lee C T.2000.Landslides triggered by the Chi-Chi earthquake[A].In:Proceedings of the 21st AsianConference on Remote Sensing,Taipei.1-2:383—388.
    Liu L N,Xu C,Xu X W,et al.2014.Interactive statistical analysis of predisposing factors for earthquake-triggeredlandslides:A case study of the 2013 Lushan,China MS7.0 earthquake[J].Environmental Earth Sciences.doi:10.1007/s12665-014-3758—8.
    Murphy W.1995.The geomorphological controls on seismically triggered landslides during the 1908 Straits of Messinaearthquake,Southern Italy[J].Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology,28(1):61—74.
    Pearce A J,O'Loughlin C L.1985.Landsliding during a M 7.7 earthquake:Influence of geology and topography[J].Geology,13(12):855—858.
    Rodriguez C E,Bommer J J,Chandler R J.1999.Earthquake-induced landslides:1980-1997[J].Soil Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering,18(5):325—346.
    Royden L H,Burchfiel B C,van der Hilst R D.2008.The geological evolution of the Tibetan plateau[J].Science,321(5892):1054—1058.
    Sato H P,Hasegawa H,Fujiwara S,et al.2007.Interpretation of landslide distribution triggered by the 2005 NorthernPakistan earthquake using SPOT 5 imagery[J].Landslides,4(2):113—122.
    Sato H P,Sekiguchi T,Kojiroi R,et al.2005.Overlaying landslides distribution on the earthquake source,geologicaland topographical data:The Mid Niigata prefecture earthquake in 2004,Japan[J].Landslides,2(2):143—152.
    Sepúlveda S A,Serey A,Lara M,et al.2010.Landslides induced by the April 2007 Aysén Fjord earthquake,Chilean Patagonia[J].Landslides,7(4):483—492.
    Tapponnier P,Peltzer G,Armijo R.1986.On the mechanics of the collision between India and Asia[J].GeologicalSociety,London,Special Publications,19(1):113—157.
    Tapponnier P,Xu Z Q,Roger F,et al.2001.Oblique stepwise rise and growth of the Tibet Plateau[J].Science,294(5547):1671—1677.
    Wang H B,Sassa K,Xu W Y.2007.Analysis of a spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2004 Chuetsuearthquakes of Niigata Prefecture,Japan[J].Natural Hazards,41(1):43—60.
    Wang W N,Wu H L,Nakamura H,et al.2003.Mass movements caused by recent tectonic activity:The 1999 Chichi earthquake in central Taiwan[J].The Island Arc,12(4):325—334.
    Xu C.2014a.Preparation of earthquake-triggered landslide inventory maps using remote sensing and GIS technologies:Principles and case studies[J].Geoscience Frontiers.doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2014.03.004.
    Xu C.2014b.Do buried-rupture earthquakes trigger less landslides than surface-rupture earthquakes for reverse faults?[J].Geomorphology,216:53—57.
    Xu C,Xu X W.2014a.The spatial distribution pattern of landslides triggered by the 20 April 2013 Lushan earthquakeof China and its implication to identification of the seismogenic fault[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,59(13):1416—1424.
    Xu C,Xu X W.2014b.Statistical analysis of landslides caused by the MW6.9 Yushu,China,earthquake of April 14,2010[J].Natural Hazards,72(2):871—893.
    Xu X W,Wen X Z,Yu G H,et al.2009.Coseismic reverse-and oblique-slip surface faulting generated by the 2008MW7.9 Wenchuan earthquake,China[J].Geology,37(6):515—518.
    Xu C,Xu X W,Yao Q,et al.2013a.GIS-based bivariate statistical modeling for earthquake-triggered landslidessusceptibility mapping related to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake,China[J].Quarterly Journal of EngineeringGeology and Hydrogeology,46(2):221—236.
    Xu C,Xu X W,Zhou B G,et al.2013b.Revisions of the M 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake seismic intensity map basedon co-seismic landslide abundance[J].Natural Hazards,69(3):1459—1476.
    Xu C,Xu X W,Yu G H.2013c.Landslides triggered by slipping-fault-generated earthquake on a plateau:Anexample of the 14 April 2010,MS7.1,Yushu,China earthquake[J].Landslides,10(4):421—431.
    Xu X W,Wen X Z,Han Z J,et al.2013d.Lushan MS7.0 earthquake:A blind reserve-fault event[J].ChineseScience Bulletin,58(28-29):3437—3443.
    Xu C,Xu X W,Yao X,et al.2014a.Three(nearly)complete inventories of landslides triggered by the May 12,2008Wenchuan MW7.9 earthquake of China and their spatial distribution statistical analysis[J].Landslides,11(3):441—461.
    Xu C,Xu X W,Shyu J B H,et al.2014b.Landslides triggered by the 22 July 2013 Minxian-Zhangxian,China,MW5.9 earthquake:Inventory compiling and spatial distribution analysis[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,92:125—142.
    Xu C,Shyu J B H,Xu X W.2014c.Landslides triggered by the 12 January 2010 Port-au-Prince,Haiti,MW=7.0earthquake:Visual interpretation,inventory compiling,and spatial distribution statistical analysis[J].NaturalHazards and Earth System Sciences,14(7):1789—1818.
    Xu X W,Xu C,Li X,et al.2015.The Ludian MW6.2 earthquake:A minimum earthquake with primary surfaceruptures in the eastern Tibetan plateau[J].Seismological Research Letters,Accepted.
    Yagi H,Sato G,Higaki D,et al.2009.Distribution and characteristics of landslides induced by the Iwate-MiyagiNairiku Earthquake in 2008 in Tohoku District,Northeast Japan[J].Landslides,6(4):335—344.
    Zhang P Z,Wen X Z,Shen Z K,et al.2010.Oblique,high-angle,listric-reverse faulting and associateddevelopment of strain:The Wenchuan earthquake of May 12,2008,Sichuan,China[J].Annual Review ofEarth and Planetary Sciences,38:353—382.

版权所有:© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心