农村家庭认知与响应地震灾害的特点及其家庭际差异——以2007年云南宁洱6.4级地震灾区为例
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摘要
以2007年云南宁洱6.4级地震灾区为例,通过现场访谈和问卷调查,分析了该地区农村家庭认知与响应地震灾害的特点及其家庭际的差异性。结果表明:当地农村家庭认知与响应地震灾害的水平尚不理想,综合防震减灾能力较弱;家庭对地震灾害知识和防震减灾技能的掌握程度,显著地影响着其在震时及震后的响应行为和态度,其中防震减灾技能的影响更显著;经济收入和教育背景不同的家庭,其地震灾害的认知水平和响应能力也呈现出明显的差异性,其中受教育程度的影响更明显,且可能是最根本的影响因素;家庭人口总数与家庭地震灾害认知与响应的综合能力呈显著的负相关关系,但这种影响也叠加了家庭经济文化因素的影响;对研究区而言,加强防震减灾实用技能和震时如何有效应对地震影响方面的教育,具有更重要的现实意义。
Taking the disaster area of Ms 6.4 Ning'er,Yunnan earthquake in 2007 as the example,this paper analyzed the features of earthquake disaster awareness and response of rural households and their inter-household differences by field interview and questionnaire survey.The results showed that the capability of rural households to cognize on earthquake disasters and response to the earthquake event in the studied area is not ideal.The comprehensive capability of earthquake disaster prevention and disaster loss reduction is low.The knowledge of earthquake disasters and disaster-coping skills of rural families significantly influence their responses to actual earthquake events,in which the effects of earthquake disaster-coping skills is more obvious.The features of earthquake disaster awareness and responses are obviously different if the families' economic and educational levels are different.The higher the education levels,or the better the economic situations of the families,the higher the capability of earthquake disaster awareness and responses of families are.The effect of educational factor is more significant than the effect of economic factor and may be the basic influencing factor.The size of rural families is remarkably in negative correlation with the comprehensive awareness and responses to earthquake disasters.However,this effect is strengthened by the economic and education factors.Therefore,a practical way to improve the capability of preventing earthquake disaster and reducing disaster loss of the families in the rural area is through promoting the development of social economic and educational levels and strengthening the publicity of the popular science knowledge on earthquake disasters,especially the education of practical skills.
Taking the disaster area of Ms 6.4 Ning'er,Yunnan earthquake in 2007 as the example,this paper analyzed the features of earthquake disaster awareness and response of rural households and their inter-household differences by field interview and questionnaire survey.The results showed that the capability of rural households to cognize on earthquake disasters and response to the earthquake event in the studied area is not ideal.The comprehensive capability of earthquake disaster prevention and disaster loss reduction is low.The knowledge of earthquake disasters and disaster-coping skills of rural families significantly influence their responses to actual earthquake events,in which the effects of earthquake disaster-coping skills is more obvious.The features of earthquake disaster awareness and responses are obviously different if the families' economic and educational levels are different.The higher the education levels,or the better the economic situations of the families,the higher the capability of earthquake disaster awareness and responses of families are.The effect of educational factor is more significant than the effect of economic factor and may be the basic influencing factor.The size of rural families is remarkably in negative correlation with the comprehensive awareness and responses to earthquake disasters.However,this effect is strengthened by the economic and education factors.Therefore,a practical way to improve the capability of preventing earthquake disaster and reducing disaster loss of the families in the rural area is through promoting the development of social economic and educational levels and strengthening the publicity of the popular science knowledge on earthquake disasters,especially the education of practical skills.
引文
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[12]李景宜.公众风险感知评价-以高校在校生为例[J].自然灾害学报,2005,14(6):153-156.LI Jingyi.Evaluation on public risk perception:a case study on college students[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2005,14(6):153-156.(in Chinese)
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[15]苏筠,刘南江,林晓梅.社会减灾能力信任及水灾风险感知的区域对比-基于江西九江和宜春公众的调查[J].长江流域资源与环境,2009,18(1):92-96.SU Yun,LIU Nanjiang,LIN Xiaomei.Regional comparison of the trust in social disaster reduction ability and public perception of flood risk-based on the survey and analysis to the public of Jiujiang and Yichun,Jiangxi Province[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2009,18(1):92-96(in Chinese).
[16]苏桂武,马宗晋,王若嘉,等.汶川地震灾区民众认知与响应地震灾害的特点及其减灾宣教意义-以四川省德阳市为例[J].地震地质,2008,30(4):877-894.SU Guiwu,MA Zongjin,WANG Ruojia,et al.General features and their disaster-reduction education implications of the earthquake disastercognition and responses of the social public in Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake-hit area:a case study from Deyang prefecture-level city,SichuanProvince[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(4):877-894.(in Chinese)
[17]周旗,郁耀闯.山区乡村居民的自然灾害感知研究-以陕西省太白县咀头镇上白云村为例[J].山地学报,2008,26(5):571-576.ZHOU Qi,YU Yaochuang.Study on the natural disaster perception of village in a mountainous area:take Shangbaiyun village,Taibai county,asan example[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2008,26(5):571-576.(in Chinese)
[18]周旗,郁耀闯.乡村与城市社区居民灾害感知比较研究[J].西北大学学报:自然科学版,2009,39(1):149-154.ZHOU Qi,YU Yaochuang.Analysis on the disasters perception of village residents[J].Journal of Northwest University:Natural Science Edition,2009,39(1):149-154.(in Chinese)
[19]王若嘉,苏桂武,张书维,等.云南普洱地区中学生认知与响应地震灾害特点的初步研究-以2007年宁洱6.4级地震灾害为例[J].灾害学,2009,24(1):133-138.WANG Ruojia,SU Guiwu,ZHANG Shuwei,et al.A preliminary study on the characteristics of cognition on and response to earthquake disasterof the middle school students in Puer area,Yunnan Province,China:a case study on the 2007 Ninger earthquake of with Ms 6.4[J].Journalof Catastrophology,2009,24(1):133-138.(in Chinese)
[20]郁耀闯,周旗,王长燕.普通民众认知与响应汶川Ms8.0地震特征分析-以陕西勉县为例[J].地震地质,2010,32(2):269-281.YU Yaochuang,ZHOU Qi,WANG Changyan.Analysis to the characteristics of cognition and response of the public to Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earth-quake disaster:a case study from Mianxian County,Shaanxi Province[J].Seismology and Geology,2010,32(2):269-281.(in Chinese)
[21]徐春迪,周旗,郁耀闯.普通公众对汶川8.0级地震灾害认知与响应测评研究-以陕西南郑为例[J].地震研究,2010,33(3):336-343.XU Chundi,ZHOU Qi,YU Yaochuang.Research on the public perception and responses to the disaster of the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake-stricken area:a case study in Nanzheng in Southern Shaanxi[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2010,33(3):336-343.(in Chinese)
[22]普洱哈尼族彝族自治县统计年鉴[M].云南:普洱哈尼族彝族自治县统计局,2007.Pu'er Hani Yi Autonomous County Statistical Yearbook[M].Pu'er Hani Yi Autonomous County Bureau of Statistics,Yunnan,2007.(in Chi-nese)
[23]潘兴庆,陶忠,潘文,等.云南宁洱6.4级地震村镇民居震害分析[J].四川建筑科学研究,2007(增刊1):21-25.PAN Xingqing,TAO Zhong,PAN Wen,et al.Damage analysis of the rural houses from earthquake on June 3,2007,Ning'er,Yunnan Province[J].Sichuan Building Science,2007(S1):21-25.(in Chinese)
[24]郝大海.社会调查研究方法[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2005.HAO Dahai.Social Survey Method[M].Beijing:China Renmin University Press,2005.(in Chinese)
[25]风笑天.现代社会调查方法[M].4版.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2009.FENG Xiaotian.Modern Social Survey Method[M].4th Edition.Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press,2009.(in Chinese)
[2]UN-ISDR.Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015:building the resilience of nations and communities to disasters(HFA)[EB/OL].(2007-07-19).[2011-04-15].http://www.unisdr.org/eng/hfa/hfa.htm.
[3]史培军,邹铭,李保俊,等.从区域安全建设到风险管理体系的形成-从第一届世界风险大会看灾害与风险研究的现状与发展趋向[J].地球科学进展,2005,20(2):173-178.SHI Peijun,ZOU Ming,LI Baojun,et al.Regional safety construction and risk management system-the actuality and trend of the study of disasterand risk based on the world congress on risk[J].Advances in Earth Science,2005,20(2):173-178.(in Chinese)
[4]Riad J K,Norris F H,ruback R B.Predicting evacuation in two major disasters:risk perception,social influence,and access to resources[J].Journal of Applied Social Psychology,1999,29(5):918-934.
[5]Burton I,Huq S,Lim B,et al.From impacts assessment of adaptation priorities:the shaping of adaptation policy[J].Climate Policy,2002,2:145-159.
[6]Peacock W G,Brody S D,Highfield W.Hurricane risk perceptions among Florida's single family homeowners[J].Landscape and Urban Plan-ning,2005,73:120-135.
[7]IPCC.Climate Change 2007,The Physical Science Basis Summary For Policymakers,Contribution of working group I to the fourth assessment re-port of the intergovernmental panel on climate change[R].Paris,2007.
[8]谢晓非,徐联仓.风险认知研究概况及理论框架[J].心理学动态,1995,3(2):17-22.XIE Xiaofei,XU Liancang.Risk cognitive research:a review and theoretical framework[J].Journal of Developments in Psychology,1995,3(2):17-22.(in Chinese)
[9]谢晓非,徐联仓.一般社会情境中风险认知的实验研究[J].心理科学,1998,21(4):315-318.XIE Xiaofei,XU Liancang.Risk perception in general social situation[J].Psychological Science,1998,21(4):315-318.(in Chinese)
[10]李景宜,周旗,严瑞.国民灾害感知能力测评指标体系研究[J].自然灾害学报,2002,11(4):129-134.LI Jingyi,ZHOU Qi,YAN Rui.Study on index system for assessment of populace's ability in calamity perception[J].Journal of Natural Disas-ters,2002,11(4):129-134.(in Chinese)
[11]谢晓非,郑蕊.风险沟通与公众理性[J].心理科学进展,2003,11(4):375-361.XIE Xiaofei,ZHENG Ru.Risk communication and public rationality[J].Advance in Psychological Science,2003,11(4):375-361.(inChinese)
[12]李景宜.公众风险感知评价-以高校在校生为例[J].自然灾害学报,2005,14(6):153-156.LI Jingyi.Evaluation on public risk perception:a case study on college students[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2005,14(6):153-156.(in Chinese)
[13]岳丽霞,欧国强.居民山地灾害意识水平比较研究[J].灾害学,2005,20(3):117-120.YUE Lixia,OU Guoqiang.A study on resident's awareness of mountain hazards[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2005,20(3):117-120.(inChinese)
[14]苏筠,张美华,高立龙,等.防洪工程信任对公众水灾风险认知的影响初探-基于长江流域部分地区问卷调查的分析[J].自然灾害学报,2008,17(1):75-80.SU Yun,ZHANG Meihua,GAO Lilong,et al.2008.Impact of trust in flood prevention projects on public risk perception:an analysis based onquestionnaire in Yangtze River Basin[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2008,17(1):75-80.(in Chinese)
[15]苏筠,刘南江,林晓梅.社会减灾能力信任及水灾风险感知的区域对比-基于江西九江和宜春公众的调查[J].长江流域资源与环境,2009,18(1):92-96.SU Yun,LIU Nanjiang,LIN Xiaomei.Regional comparison of the trust in social disaster reduction ability and public perception of flood risk-based on the survey and analysis to the public of Jiujiang and Yichun,Jiangxi Province[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2009,18(1):92-96(in Chinese).
[16]苏桂武,马宗晋,王若嘉,等.汶川地震灾区民众认知与响应地震灾害的特点及其减灾宣教意义-以四川省德阳市为例[J].地震地质,2008,30(4):877-894.SU Guiwu,MA Zongjin,WANG Ruojia,et al.General features and their disaster-reduction education implications of the earthquake disastercognition and responses of the social public in Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake-hit area:a case study from Deyang prefecture-level city,SichuanProvince[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(4):877-894.(in Chinese)
[17]周旗,郁耀闯.山区乡村居民的自然灾害感知研究-以陕西省太白县咀头镇上白云村为例[J].山地学报,2008,26(5):571-576.ZHOU Qi,YU Yaochuang.Study on the natural disaster perception of village in a mountainous area:take Shangbaiyun village,Taibai county,asan example[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2008,26(5):571-576.(in Chinese)
[18]周旗,郁耀闯.乡村与城市社区居民灾害感知比较研究[J].西北大学学报:自然科学版,2009,39(1):149-154.ZHOU Qi,YU Yaochuang.Analysis on the disasters perception of village residents[J].Journal of Northwest University:Natural Science Edition,2009,39(1):149-154.(in Chinese)
[19]王若嘉,苏桂武,张书维,等.云南普洱地区中学生认知与响应地震灾害特点的初步研究-以2007年宁洱6.4级地震灾害为例[J].灾害学,2009,24(1):133-138.WANG Ruojia,SU Guiwu,ZHANG Shuwei,et al.A preliminary study on the characteristics of cognition on and response to earthquake disasterof the middle school students in Puer area,Yunnan Province,China:a case study on the 2007 Ninger earthquake of with Ms 6.4[J].Journalof Catastrophology,2009,24(1):133-138.(in Chinese)
[20]郁耀闯,周旗,王长燕.普通民众认知与响应汶川Ms8.0地震特征分析-以陕西勉县为例[J].地震地质,2010,32(2):269-281.YU Yaochuang,ZHOU Qi,WANG Changyan.Analysis to the characteristics of cognition and response of the public to Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earth-quake disaster:a case study from Mianxian County,Shaanxi Province[J].Seismology and Geology,2010,32(2):269-281.(in Chinese)
[21]徐春迪,周旗,郁耀闯.普通公众对汶川8.0级地震灾害认知与响应测评研究-以陕西南郑为例[J].地震研究,2010,33(3):336-343.XU Chundi,ZHOU Qi,YU Yaochuang.Research on the public perception and responses to the disaster of the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake-stricken area:a case study in Nanzheng in Southern Shaanxi[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2010,33(3):336-343.(in Chinese)
[22]普洱哈尼族彝族自治县统计年鉴[M].云南:普洱哈尼族彝族自治县统计局,2007.Pu'er Hani Yi Autonomous County Statistical Yearbook[M].Pu'er Hani Yi Autonomous County Bureau of Statistics,Yunnan,2007.(in Chi-nese)
[23]潘兴庆,陶忠,潘文,等.云南宁洱6.4级地震村镇民居震害分析[J].四川建筑科学研究,2007(增刊1):21-25.PAN Xingqing,TAO Zhong,PAN Wen,et al.Damage analysis of the rural houses from earthquake on June 3,2007,Ning'er,Yunnan Province[J].Sichuan Building Science,2007(S1):21-25.(in Chinese)
[24]郝大海.社会调查研究方法[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2005.HAO Dahai.Social Survey Method[M].Beijing:China Renmin University Press,2005.(in Chinese)
[25]风笑天.现代社会调查方法[M].4版.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2009.FENG Xiaotian.Modern Social Survey Method[M].4th Edition.Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press,2009.(in Chinese)
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