波形相关意义“重复地震”研究综述
|
摘要
波形相关意义的"重复地震"在自然界中普遍存在,其数量远远超过我们的预期。近年来由于数字地震观测技术的普及和发展,有关"重复地震"的研究引起越来越多的关注。目前"重复地震"研究已被广泛应用于检测地壳介质性质变化、评估地震台网的定位精度、地震"复发"和断层深部滑动速率的估算等方面,在提高定位和震相识别精度、断层结构、震源物理及地震预测研究等方面也都显示出值得关注的应用潜力。本文对有关"重复地震"的最新研究及应用成果进行了总结和归纳。
'Repeating earthquakes',identified by cross-correlation of seismic waveforms,are found to be much more abundant in nature than conventionally expected.In recent years,with the development of digital seismic networks,waveform correlation and 'repeating earthquake' have drawn much attention in measuring crustal media variation,assessing the location accuracy at the network and estimating fault slip rates at depth or earthquake recurrence.Moreover,as a useful tool,'repeating earthquake' approach has also been used in the study of the assessment of phase picking accuracy,hypocenter location,the temporal variation of structures,physics of earthquake source as well as earthquake prediction.In this paper,we summarize the latest research about the application of 'repeating earthquakes'.
'Repeating earthquakes',identified by cross-correlation of seismic waveforms,are found to be much more abundant in nature than conventionally expected.In recent years,with the development of digital seismic networks,waveform correlation and 'repeating earthquake' have drawn much attention in measuring crustal media variation,assessing the location accuracy at the network and estimating fault slip rates at depth or earthquake recurrence.Moreover,as a useful tool,'repeating earthquake' approach has also been used in the study of the assessment of phase picking accuracy,hypocenter location,the temporal variation of structures,physics of earthquake source as well as earthquake prediction.In this paper,we summarize the latest research about the application of 'repeating earthquakes'.
引文
国家地震局震害防御司,1990,地震工作手册,334～335,北京:地震出版社。
蒋长胜、吴忠良,2005,由“重复地震”给出的中国地震台网的定位精度估计,中国地震,21(2),147～154。
蒋长胜、吴忠良、李宇彤,2008,首都圈地区“重复地震事件”及其在区域地震台网定位精度评价中的应用,地震物理学报,51(3),817～827。
李乐、陈棋福、钮凤林等,2008,利用“重复地震”估算丽江-宁蒗断裂带的深部滑动速率,科学通报,53(23),2925～2932。
李宇彤、吴忠良、蒋长胜等,2008,利用辽宁区域地震台网记录分析“重复地震”,地震学报,30(4),383～396。
林建民、王宝善、葛洪魁等,2006,重复地震及其在人工探测中的潜在应用,中国地震,22(1),1～9。
倪四道、王伟涛、李丽,2010,2010年4月14日玉树地震:一个有前震的破坏性地震,中国科学:地球科学,40(5),535～537。
彭汉书、吴忠良、蒋长胜等,2010,连续波形:数字地震台网的新前沿,中国地震,26(1),23～33。
周龙泉、刘桂萍、马宏生等,2007,利用重复地震观测地壳介质变化,地震,27(3),1～9。
Anooshehpoor A,Brune J N,2001,Quasi-static slip-rate shielding by locked and creeping zones as an explanation for repeatingearthquakes at Parkfield,Bull Seism Soc Amer,91,401～403.
Ariyoshi K,Matsuzawa T,Hino R,et al,2007,Triggered non-similar slip events on repeating earthquake asperities:Results from3D numerical simulations based on a friction law,Geophys Res Lett,34,L02308,5,doi:10.1029/2006GL028323.
Baisch S,Ceranna L,Harjes H P,2008,Earthquake Cluster::What Can We Learn from Waveform Similarity?Bull Seism SocAmer,9(6),2806～2814.
Beeler N M,Lockner D L,Hickman S H,2001,A simple stick-slip and creep-slip model for repeating earthquakes and itsimplication for microearthquakes at Parkfield,Bull Seism Soc Amer,91,1797～1804.
Bouchon M,Karabulut H,Aktar M,et al,2011,Extended Nucleation of the1999MW7.6Izmit Earthquak,Science,331,877～880,doi:10.1126/science.1197341.
Cassidy J F,Rogers G C,Waldhauser F,2000,Characterization of active faulting beneath the strait of Georgia,British Columbia,Bull Seism Soc Amer,90,1188～1199.
Chen K H,Bürgmann R,Nadeau R M,et al,2010a,Postseismic variations in seismic moment and recurrence interval of repeatingearthquakes,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,299,118～125.
Chen K H,Bürgmann R,Nadeau R M,2010b,Triggering effect of M4-5earthquakes on the earthquake cycle of repeating events atParkfield,Bull Seism Soc Amer,100(2),doi:10.1785/0120080369.
Chen K H,Nadeau R M,Rau R J,2007,Towards a universal rule on the recurrence interval scaling of repeating earthquakes?Geophys Res Lett,34,L16308,5,doi:10.1029/2007GL030554.
Chen K H,Nadeau R M,Rau R J,2008,Characteristic repeating earthquakes in an arc-continent collision boundary zone:TheChihshang fault of eastern Taiwan,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,276,262～272.
Chen K H,Rau R J,Hu J C,2009,Variability of repeating earthquake behavior along the Longitudinal Valley fault zone of easternTaiwan,J Geophys Res,114,B05306,16,doi:10.1029/2007JB005518.
Cheng X,Niu F,Silver P G,et al,2007,Similar microearthquakes observed in western Nagano,Japan,and implications for rupturemechanics,J Geophys Res,112,B04306,13,doi:10.1029/2006JB004416.
Danesi S,Bannister S,Morelli A,2007,Repeating earthquakes from rupture of an asperity under an Antarctic outlet glacier,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,253,151～158.
Deichmann N,Garcia-Fernandez M,1992,Rupture geometry from high-precision relative hypocentre locations of microearthquakeruptures,Geophys J Int,110,501～517.
Dodge D A,Beroza G C,Ellsworth W L,1995,Foreshock sequence of the1992Landers,California earthquake and its implicationsfor earthquake nucleation,J Geophys Res,100,9865～9880.
Dreger D,Nadeau R M,Chung A,2007,Repeating earthquake finite source models:Strong asperities revealed on the San Andre asFault,Geophys Res Lett,34,L23302,doi:10,1029/2007GL031353.
Frémont M J,Malone S D,1987,High precision relative locations of earthquakes at Mount St.Helens,Washington,J GeophysRes,92,10233～10236.
Geller R J,Mueller C S,1980,Four similar earthquake in central California,Geophys Res Lett,10,821～824.
Got J L,Frechet J,Klein F W,1994,Deep fault plane geometry inferred from multiplet relative relocation beneath the south flank ofKilauea,J Geophys Res,99,15375～15386.
Grêt A,Snieder R,2005,Monitoring rapid temporal change in a volcano with coda wave interferometry,Geophys Res Lett,32,L06304,doi:10.1029/2004GL021143.
Hough S E,Field E H,1996,On the coherence of ground motion in the San Fernad Valley,Bull Seism Soc Amer,86,1724～1732.
Igarashi T,2010,Spatial changes of inter-plate coupling inferred from sequences of small repeating earthquakes in Japan,GeophysRes Lett,37,L20304,doi:10.1029/2010GL044609.
Igarashi T,Matsuzawa T,Hasegawa T,2003,Repeating earthquakes and interpolate aseismic slip in the northeastern Japansubduction zone,J Geophys Res,108,2249,doi:10.1029/2002JB001920.
Isacks B L,Sykes L R,Oliver J,1967,Spatial and temporal clustering of deep and shallow earthquakes in the Fiji-Tonga-Kermadecregion,Bull Seism Soc Amer,57,935～958.
Ito A,1985,High resolution relative hypocenters of similar earthquakes by cross spectral analysis method,J Phys Earth,33,279～294.
Johnson L R,2010,An earthquake model with interacting asperities,Geophys J Int,182,35,doi:10.1111/j.1365246X.2010.04680.x.
Kimura H,Kasahara K,Igarashi T,et al,2006,Repeating earthquake activities associated with the Philippine Sea plate subductionin the Kanto district,central Japan:A new plate configuration revealed by interplate aseismic slips,Tectonophysics,417,18,doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2005.06.013.
Kimura H,Kasahara K,Takeda T,2009,Subduction process of the Philippine Sea Plate off the Kanto district,central Japan,asrevealed by plate structure and repeating earthquakes,Tectonophysics,472,18～27.
Lees J M,1998,Multiplet analysis at Coso geothermal,Bull Seis Soc Amer,88,1127～1143.
Li L,Chen Q F,Cheng X,et al,2007,Spatial clustering and repeating of seismic events observed along the1976Tangshan fault,north China,Geophys Res Lett,34,L23309,doi:10.1029/2007GL031594.
Li L,Chen Q F,Niu F L,et al,2009,Slip rate along the Lijiang-Ninglang fault zone estimated from repeating microearthquakes,Chinese Science Bulletin,54,447～455.
Li Y T,Wu Z L,Peng H S,et al,2011,Time-lapse slip variation associated with a medium-size earthquake revealed by“repeating”micro-earthquakes:the1999Xiuyan,Liaoning,MS=5.4earthquake,Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci,11,1969～1981,doi:10.5194/nhess-11-1969-2011.
Lin C H,2004,Repeated foreshock sequences in the thrust faulting environment of eastern Taiwan,Geophys Res Lett,31,L13601,doi:10.1029/2004GLO19833.
Marone C,Vidale J E,Ellsworth W L,1995,Fault healing infeered from time dependent variations in source properties of repeatingearthquakes,Geophys Res Lett,22,3095～3098.
Matsubara M,Kimura H,Obara K,et al,2006,Small repeating earthquake activity beneath the Kanto and Tokai region,centralJapan,paper presented at The6th Joint Meeting of the UJNR Panel on Earthquake Research.
Matsubara M,Obara K,2010,High-velocity anomaly accompanied with repeating earthquake beneath the eastern Kanto region,central Japan,in Japan Geoscience Union Meeting2010,edited,p2,Makuhari,Chiba,Japan.
Matsubara M,Yagi Y,Obara K,2005,Plate boundary slip associated with the2003Off-Tokachi earthquake based on smallrepeating earthquake data,Geophys Res Lett,32,L08316,4,doi:10.1029/2004GL022310.
Matsumura S,2010,Discrimination of a preparatory stage leading to M7characteristic earthquakes off Ibaraki Prefecture,Japan,JGeophys Res,115,B01301,14,doi:10.1029/2009JB006584.
Matsuzawa T,Igarashi T,Hasegawa A,2002,Characteristic small-earthquake sequence of Sanriku,north Honshu,Japan,GeophysRes Lett,29,1543,doi:10.1029/2001GL014632.
Matsuzawa T,Uchida1N,Igarashi T,et al,2004,Repeating earthquakes and quasi-static slip on the plate boundary east off northernHonshu,Japan,Earth Planets Space,56,803～811.
Menke W,Lerner-Lam A L,Dobendorff B,et al,1990,Polarization and coherence of5to30Hz seismic wave fields at a hard-rocksite and their relevance to velocity heterogeneities in the crust,Bull Seism Soc Amer,80,430～449.
Moriya H,Niitsuma H,Baria R,2003,Multiplet-clustering analysis reveals structural details within the seismic cloud at the SoultzGeothermal Field,France,Bull Seism Soc Amer,93,1606～1620.
Nadeau R M,Foxall W,McEvilly T V,1995,Clustering and periodic recurrence of microseismicities on the San Andreas fault atParkfield,California,Science,267,503～507.
Nadeau R M,Johnson L R,1998,Seismological studies at Parkfield VI:Moment release rates and estimates of source parameters forsmall repeating earthquakes,Bull Seism Soc Amer,88,790～814.
Nadeau R M,McEvilly T V,1999,Fault slip rates at depth from recurrence intervals of repeating microearthquak,Science,285,718～721,doi:10.1126/science.285.5428.718.
Nadeau R M,Michelini A,Uhrhammer R A,et al,2004,Detailed kinematics,structure and recurrence of micro-seismicity in theSAFOD target region,Geophys Res Lett,31,L12S08,4,doi:10.1029/2003GL019409.
Nakahara H,2004,Correlation distance of waveforms for closely located events-I.Implication of the heterogeneous structure aroundthe source region of the1995Hyogo-Ken Nanbu,Japan,earthquake(MW=6.9),Geophys J Int,157,14,doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02278.x.
Nakamura A,Hasegawa A,Hirata N,et al,2002,Temporal variations of seismic wave velocity associated with1998M6.1Shizukuishi earthquake,Pure Appl Geophys,159,1183～1204.
Niu F,Silver P G,Nadeau R M,et al,2003,Migration of seismic scatterers associated with the1993Parkfield aseismic transientevent,Nature,426,544～548.
Pandolfi D,Bean C J,Saccorott G,2006,Coda wave interferometric detection of seismic velocity changes associated with the1999M=3.6event at Mt.Vesuvius,J Geophys Res,33,L06306,doi:10.1029/2005GL025355.
Peng Z,Ben-Zion Y,2005,Spatiotemporal variations of crustal anisotropy from similar events in aftershocks of the1999M7.4Izmitand M7.1Düzce,Turkey,earthquake sequences,Geophys J Int,160,17,doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02569.x.
Peng Z,Vidale J E,Houston H,2006,Anomalous early aftershock decay rate of the2004MW6.0Parkfield,California,earthquake,Geophys Res Lett,33,L17307,doi:10.1029/2006GL026744.
Peng Z,Vidale J E,Ishii M,et al,2007,Seismicity rate immediately before and after main shock rupture from highfrequencywaveforms in Japan,J Geophys Res,112,B03306,16,doi:10.1029/2006JB004386.
Peng Z,Zhao P,2009,Using new technique,scientists find eleven times more aftershocks for2004quake,Nature Geoscience,2,877～881.
Phillips W S,2000,Precise microearthquake locations and fluid flow in the geothermal reservoir at Soultz-sous-Forêts,France,BullSeism Soc Amer,90,212～228.
Poupinet G,Ellsworth W L,Fréchet J,1984,Monitoring velocity variations in the crust using earthquake doublets:an application tothe Calaveras fault,California,J Geophys Res,89,5719～5731.
Rau R J,Chen K H,Ching K E,2007,Repeating earthquakes and seismic potential along the northern Longitudinal Valley fault ofeastern Taiwan,Geophys Res Lett,34,L24301,6,doi:10.1029/2007GL031622.
Richards P G,Waldhauser F,Schaff D,et al,2006,The applicability of modern methods of earthquake location,Pure Appl Geophys,163,351～372.
Roberts P M,1991,Development of active doublet method for monitoring small changes in crustal properties,Seismol Res Lett,62(1),36～37.
Roberts P M,Phillips W S,Fehler M C,1992,Development of active doublet method for measuring small velocity and attenuationchanges in solids,J Acoust Soc Am,91(6),3291～3302.
Rubin A M,2002,Using repeating earthquakes to correct high-precision earthquake catalogs for time-dependent station delays,BullSeism Soc Amer,92,1647～1659.
Rubin A M,Gillard D,Got J L,1999,Streaks of microearthquakes along creeping faults,Nature,400,635～641.
Rubinstein J L,Ellsworth W L,2010,Precise estimation of repeating earthquake moment:Example from Parkfield,California,BullSeism Soc Amer,100,1952～1961,doi:10.1785/0120100007.
Sammis C G,Rice J R,2001,Repeating earthquakes as low-stress-drop events at a border between locked and creeping faultpatches,Bull Seism Soc Amer,91,532～537.
Schaff D P,2010,Improvements to detection capability by cross-correlating for similar events:a case study of the1999Xiuyan,China,sequence and synthetic sensitivity tests,Geophys J Int,180,829～846.
Schaff D P,Beroza G C,2004,Coseismic and postseismic velocity changes measured by repeating earthquakes,J Geophys Res,109,B10302,doi:10.1029/2004JB003011.
Schaff D P,Beroza G C,Shaw B E,1998,Postseismic response of repeating aftershocks,Geophys Res Lett,25,4549～4552.
Schaff D P,Bokelmann G H R,Beroza G C,et al,2002,High resolution image of Calaveras Fault seismicity,J Geophys Res,107(B9),2186,doi:10.1029/2001JB000633.
Schaff D P,Richards P G,2004a,Repeating seismic events in China,Science,303,1176～1178.
Schaff D P,Richards P G,2004b,Lg-Wave Cross correlation and double-difference location:application to the1999Xiuyan,China,Sequence,Bull Seism Soc Amer,94,867～879.
Schaff D P,Waldhauser F,2005,Waveform cross-correlation-based differential travel-time measurements at the Northern CaliforniaSeismic Network,Bull Seism Soc Amer,95,2446～2461.
Schmidt D A,Bürgmann R,Nadeau R M,et al,2005,Distribution of aseismic slip rate on the Hayward fault inferred from seismicand geodetic data,J Geophys Res,110,B08406,15,doi:10.1029/2004JB003397.
Shearer P M,1997,Improving local earthquake locations using the L1norm and waveform cross correlation:application to theWhittier Narrows,California,aftershock sequence,J Geophys Res,102,8269～8283.
Shearer P M,1998,Evidence from a cluster of small earthquakes for a fault at18km depth beneath Oak Ridge,southern California,Bull Seism Soc Amer,88,1327～1336.
Snieder R,Hagerty M,2004,Monitoring change in volcanic interiors using coda wave interferometry:application to ArenalVolcano,Costa Rica,Geophys Res Lett,31,L09608,doi:10.1029/2004GL019670.
Song X D,Richards P G,1996,Seismological evidence for differential rotation of the Earth's inner core,Nature,382,221～224.
Templeton D C,Nadeau R M,Bürgmann R,2008,Behavior of repeating earthquake sequences in central California and theimplications for subsurface fault creep,Bull Seism Soc Amer,98(1),14,doi:10.1785/0120070026.
Uchida N,Igarashi T,Matsuzawa T,et al,2003a,Interplate quasi-static slip estimated from repeating earthquake analyses in thenortheastern Japan subduction zone(extended abstract),Thoku Geophys Journ,36,531～534.
Uchida N,Matsuzawa T,Ellsworth W L,et al,2007,Source parameters of a M4.8and its accompanying repeating earthquakes offKamaishi,NE Japan:Implications for the hierarchical structure of asperities and earthquake cycle,Geophys Res Lett,34,L20313,doi:10.1029/2007GL031263.
Uchida N,Matsuzawa T,Hasegawa A,et al,2003b,Interplate quasi-static slip off Sanriku,NE Japan,estimated from repeatingearthquakes,Geophys Res Lett,30(15),4,doi:10.1029/2003GL017452.
Uchida N,Matsuzawa T,Hasegawa A,et al,2005,Recurrence intervals of characteristic M4.8±0.1earthquakes off-Kamaishi,NE JapanComparison with creep rate estimated from small repeating earthquake data,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,233,155～165.
Uchida N,Matsuzawa T,Hirahara S,2006,Small repeating earthquakes and interplate creep around the2005Miyagi-oki earthquake(M=7.2),Earth Planets Space,58,1577～1580.
Uchida N,Matsuzawa T,Nakajima J,et al,2010,Subduction of a wedge-shaped Philippine Sea plate beneath Kanto,central Japan,estimated from converted waves and small repeating earthquakes,J Geophys Res,115,B07309,14,doi:10.1029/2009JB006962.
Vidale J E,Cochran E S,Kanamori H,et al,2003,After the lightning and before the thunder:ixon-Omori behavior of earlyaftershocks?EOS Trans,AGU,84,Fall meeting suppl,Abstract S31A-08.
Vidale J E,Ellsworth W L,Cole A,et al,1994,Variations in rupture process with recurrence interval in a repeated smallearthquake,Nature,368,624～626.
Wiens D A,Snider N O,2001,Repeating deep earthquakes:evidence for fault reactivation at great depth,Science,293,1463～1466.
Wu C,Koketsu K,Miyake H,2008,Source processes of the1978and2005Miyagi-oki,Japan,earthquakes:Repeated rupture ofasperities over successive large earthquakes,J Geophys Res,113,B08316,15,doi:10.1029/2007JB005189.
Yamawaki T,Nishimura T,Hamaguchi H,2004,Temporal change of seismic structure around Iwate volcano inferred from waveformcorrelation analysis of similar earthquakes,Geophys Res Lett,31,L24616,4,doi:10.1029/2004GL021103.
Yang H,Zhu L,Chu R,2009,Fault-plane determ ination of the18April2008Mount Carmel,Illinois,earthquake by detecting andrelocating aftershocks,Bull Seism Soc Amer,99,3413～3420.
Zhang J,Richards P G,Schaff D P,2008,Wide-scale detection of earthquake waveform doublets and further evidence for inner coresuper-rotation,Geophys J Int,174,14,doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03856.x.
Zhang J,Song X D,Li Y C,et al,2005,Inner core differential motion confirmed by earthquake waveform doublets,Science,309,1357～1360.
Zhao P,Peng Z,2008,Velocity contrast along the Calaveras fault from analysis of fault zone head waves generated by repeatingearthquakes,Geophys Res Lett,35,L01303,doi:10.1029/2007GL031810.
蒋长胜、吴忠良,2005,由“重复地震”给出的中国地震台网的定位精度估计,中国地震,21(2),147～154。
蒋长胜、吴忠良、李宇彤,2008,首都圈地区“重复地震事件”及其在区域地震台网定位精度评价中的应用,地震物理学报,51(3),817～827。
李乐、陈棋福、钮凤林等,2008,利用“重复地震”估算丽江-宁蒗断裂带的深部滑动速率,科学通报,53(23),2925～2932。
李宇彤、吴忠良、蒋长胜等,2008,利用辽宁区域地震台网记录分析“重复地震”,地震学报,30(4),383～396。
林建民、王宝善、葛洪魁等,2006,重复地震及其在人工探测中的潜在应用,中国地震,22(1),1～9。
倪四道、王伟涛、李丽,2010,2010年4月14日玉树地震:一个有前震的破坏性地震,中国科学:地球科学,40(5),535～537。
彭汉书、吴忠良、蒋长胜等,2010,连续波形:数字地震台网的新前沿,中国地震,26(1),23～33。
周龙泉、刘桂萍、马宏生等,2007,利用重复地震观测地壳介质变化,地震,27(3),1～9。
Anooshehpoor A,Brune J N,2001,Quasi-static slip-rate shielding by locked and creeping zones as an explanation for repeatingearthquakes at Parkfield,Bull Seism Soc Amer,91,401～403.
Ariyoshi K,Matsuzawa T,Hino R,et al,2007,Triggered non-similar slip events on repeating earthquake asperities:Results from3D numerical simulations based on a friction law,Geophys Res Lett,34,L02308,5,doi:10.1029/2006GL028323.
Baisch S,Ceranna L,Harjes H P,2008,Earthquake Cluster::What Can We Learn from Waveform Similarity?Bull Seism SocAmer,9(6),2806～2814.
Beeler N M,Lockner D L,Hickman S H,2001,A simple stick-slip and creep-slip model for repeating earthquakes and itsimplication for microearthquakes at Parkfield,Bull Seism Soc Amer,91,1797～1804.
Bouchon M,Karabulut H,Aktar M,et al,2011,Extended Nucleation of the1999MW7.6Izmit Earthquak,Science,331,877～880,doi:10.1126/science.1197341.
Cassidy J F,Rogers G C,Waldhauser F,2000,Characterization of active faulting beneath the strait of Georgia,British Columbia,Bull Seism Soc Amer,90,1188～1199.
Chen K H,Bürgmann R,Nadeau R M,et al,2010a,Postseismic variations in seismic moment and recurrence interval of repeatingearthquakes,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,299,118～125.
Chen K H,Bürgmann R,Nadeau R M,2010b,Triggering effect of M4-5earthquakes on the earthquake cycle of repeating events atParkfield,Bull Seism Soc Amer,100(2),doi:10.1785/0120080369.
Chen K H,Nadeau R M,Rau R J,2007,Towards a universal rule on the recurrence interval scaling of repeating earthquakes?Geophys Res Lett,34,L16308,5,doi:10.1029/2007GL030554.
Chen K H,Nadeau R M,Rau R J,2008,Characteristic repeating earthquakes in an arc-continent collision boundary zone:TheChihshang fault of eastern Taiwan,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,276,262～272.
Chen K H,Rau R J,Hu J C,2009,Variability of repeating earthquake behavior along the Longitudinal Valley fault zone of easternTaiwan,J Geophys Res,114,B05306,16,doi:10.1029/2007JB005518.
Cheng X,Niu F,Silver P G,et al,2007,Similar microearthquakes observed in western Nagano,Japan,and implications for rupturemechanics,J Geophys Res,112,B04306,13,doi:10.1029/2006JB004416.
Danesi S,Bannister S,Morelli A,2007,Repeating earthquakes from rupture of an asperity under an Antarctic outlet glacier,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,253,151～158.
Deichmann N,Garcia-Fernandez M,1992,Rupture geometry from high-precision relative hypocentre locations of microearthquakeruptures,Geophys J Int,110,501～517.
Dodge D A,Beroza G C,Ellsworth W L,1995,Foreshock sequence of the1992Landers,California earthquake and its implicationsfor earthquake nucleation,J Geophys Res,100,9865～9880.
Dreger D,Nadeau R M,Chung A,2007,Repeating earthquake finite source models:Strong asperities revealed on the San Andre asFault,Geophys Res Lett,34,L23302,doi:10,1029/2007GL031353.
Frémont M J,Malone S D,1987,High precision relative locations of earthquakes at Mount St.Helens,Washington,J GeophysRes,92,10233～10236.
Geller R J,Mueller C S,1980,Four similar earthquake in central California,Geophys Res Lett,10,821～824.
Got J L,Frechet J,Klein F W,1994,Deep fault plane geometry inferred from multiplet relative relocation beneath the south flank ofKilauea,J Geophys Res,99,15375～15386.
Grêt A,Snieder R,2005,Monitoring rapid temporal change in a volcano with coda wave interferometry,Geophys Res Lett,32,L06304,doi:10.1029/2004GL021143.
Hough S E,Field E H,1996,On the coherence of ground motion in the San Fernad Valley,Bull Seism Soc Amer,86,1724～1732.
Igarashi T,2010,Spatial changes of inter-plate coupling inferred from sequences of small repeating earthquakes in Japan,GeophysRes Lett,37,L20304,doi:10.1029/2010GL044609.
Igarashi T,Matsuzawa T,Hasegawa T,2003,Repeating earthquakes and interpolate aseismic slip in the northeastern Japansubduction zone,J Geophys Res,108,2249,doi:10.1029/2002JB001920.
Isacks B L,Sykes L R,Oliver J,1967,Spatial and temporal clustering of deep and shallow earthquakes in the Fiji-Tonga-Kermadecregion,Bull Seism Soc Amer,57,935～958.
Ito A,1985,High resolution relative hypocenters of similar earthquakes by cross spectral analysis method,J Phys Earth,33,279～294.
Johnson L R,2010,An earthquake model with interacting asperities,Geophys J Int,182,35,doi:10.1111/j.1365246X.2010.04680.x.
Kimura H,Kasahara K,Igarashi T,et al,2006,Repeating earthquake activities associated with the Philippine Sea plate subductionin the Kanto district,central Japan:A new plate configuration revealed by interplate aseismic slips,Tectonophysics,417,18,doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2005.06.013.
Kimura H,Kasahara K,Takeda T,2009,Subduction process of the Philippine Sea Plate off the Kanto district,central Japan,asrevealed by plate structure and repeating earthquakes,Tectonophysics,472,18～27.
Lees J M,1998,Multiplet analysis at Coso geothermal,Bull Seis Soc Amer,88,1127～1143.
Li L,Chen Q F,Cheng X,et al,2007,Spatial clustering and repeating of seismic events observed along the1976Tangshan fault,north China,Geophys Res Lett,34,L23309,doi:10.1029/2007GL031594.
Li L,Chen Q F,Niu F L,et al,2009,Slip rate along the Lijiang-Ninglang fault zone estimated from repeating microearthquakes,Chinese Science Bulletin,54,447～455.
Li Y T,Wu Z L,Peng H S,et al,2011,Time-lapse slip variation associated with a medium-size earthquake revealed by“repeating”micro-earthquakes:the1999Xiuyan,Liaoning,MS=5.4earthquake,Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci,11,1969～1981,doi:10.5194/nhess-11-1969-2011.
Lin C H,2004,Repeated foreshock sequences in the thrust faulting environment of eastern Taiwan,Geophys Res Lett,31,L13601,doi:10.1029/2004GLO19833.
Marone C,Vidale J E,Ellsworth W L,1995,Fault healing infeered from time dependent variations in source properties of repeatingearthquakes,Geophys Res Lett,22,3095～3098.
Matsubara M,Kimura H,Obara K,et al,2006,Small repeating earthquake activity beneath the Kanto and Tokai region,centralJapan,paper presented at The6th Joint Meeting of the UJNR Panel on Earthquake Research.
Matsubara M,Obara K,2010,High-velocity anomaly accompanied with repeating earthquake beneath the eastern Kanto region,central Japan,in Japan Geoscience Union Meeting2010,edited,p2,Makuhari,Chiba,Japan.
Matsubara M,Yagi Y,Obara K,2005,Plate boundary slip associated with the2003Off-Tokachi earthquake based on smallrepeating earthquake data,Geophys Res Lett,32,L08316,4,doi:10.1029/2004GL022310.
Matsumura S,2010,Discrimination of a preparatory stage leading to M7characteristic earthquakes off Ibaraki Prefecture,Japan,JGeophys Res,115,B01301,14,doi:10.1029/2009JB006584.
Matsuzawa T,Igarashi T,Hasegawa A,2002,Characteristic small-earthquake sequence of Sanriku,north Honshu,Japan,GeophysRes Lett,29,1543,doi:10.1029/2001GL014632.
Matsuzawa T,Uchida1N,Igarashi T,et al,2004,Repeating earthquakes and quasi-static slip on the plate boundary east off northernHonshu,Japan,Earth Planets Space,56,803～811.
Menke W,Lerner-Lam A L,Dobendorff B,et al,1990,Polarization and coherence of5to30Hz seismic wave fields at a hard-rocksite and their relevance to velocity heterogeneities in the crust,Bull Seism Soc Amer,80,430～449.
Moriya H,Niitsuma H,Baria R,2003,Multiplet-clustering analysis reveals structural details within the seismic cloud at the SoultzGeothermal Field,France,Bull Seism Soc Amer,93,1606～1620.
Nadeau R M,Foxall W,McEvilly T V,1995,Clustering and periodic recurrence of microseismicities on the San Andreas fault atParkfield,California,Science,267,503～507.
Nadeau R M,Johnson L R,1998,Seismological studies at Parkfield VI:Moment release rates and estimates of source parameters forsmall repeating earthquakes,Bull Seism Soc Amer,88,790～814.
Nadeau R M,McEvilly T V,1999,Fault slip rates at depth from recurrence intervals of repeating microearthquak,Science,285,718～721,doi:10.1126/science.285.5428.718.
Nadeau R M,Michelini A,Uhrhammer R A,et al,2004,Detailed kinematics,structure and recurrence of micro-seismicity in theSAFOD target region,Geophys Res Lett,31,L12S08,4,doi:10.1029/2003GL019409.
Nakahara H,2004,Correlation distance of waveforms for closely located events-I.Implication of the heterogeneous structure aroundthe source region of the1995Hyogo-Ken Nanbu,Japan,earthquake(MW=6.9),Geophys J Int,157,14,doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02278.x.
Nakamura A,Hasegawa A,Hirata N,et al,2002,Temporal variations of seismic wave velocity associated with1998M6.1Shizukuishi earthquake,Pure Appl Geophys,159,1183～1204.
Niu F,Silver P G,Nadeau R M,et al,2003,Migration of seismic scatterers associated with the1993Parkfield aseismic transientevent,Nature,426,544～548.
Pandolfi D,Bean C J,Saccorott G,2006,Coda wave interferometric detection of seismic velocity changes associated with the1999M=3.6event at Mt.Vesuvius,J Geophys Res,33,L06306,doi:10.1029/2005GL025355.
Peng Z,Ben-Zion Y,2005,Spatiotemporal variations of crustal anisotropy from similar events in aftershocks of the1999M7.4Izmitand M7.1Düzce,Turkey,earthquake sequences,Geophys J Int,160,17,doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02569.x.
Peng Z,Vidale J E,Houston H,2006,Anomalous early aftershock decay rate of the2004MW6.0Parkfield,California,earthquake,Geophys Res Lett,33,L17307,doi:10.1029/2006GL026744.
Peng Z,Vidale J E,Ishii M,et al,2007,Seismicity rate immediately before and after main shock rupture from highfrequencywaveforms in Japan,J Geophys Res,112,B03306,16,doi:10.1029/2006JB004386.
Peng Z,Zhao P,2009,Using new technique,scientists find eleven times more aftershocks for2004quake,Nature Geoscience,2,877～881.
Phillips W S,2000,Precise microearthquake locations and fluid flow in the geothermal reservoir at Soultz-sous-Forêts,France,BullSeism Soc Amer,90,212～228.
Poupinet G,Ellsworth W L,Fréchet J,1984,Monitoring velocity variations in the crust using earthquake doublets:an application tothe Calaveras fault,California,J Geophys Res,89,5719～5731.
Rau R J,Chen K H,Ching K E,2007,Repeating earthquakes and seismic potential along the northern Longitudinal Valley fault ofeastern Taiwan,Geophys Res Lett,34,L24301,6,doi:10.1029/2007GL031622.
Richards P G,Waldhauser F,Schaff D,et al,2006,The applicability of modern methods of earthquake location,Pure Appl Geophys,163,351～372.
Roberts P M,1991,Development of active doublet method for monitoring small changes in crustal properties,Seismol Res Lett,62(1),36～37.
Roberts P M,Phillips W S,Fehler M C,1992,Development of active doublet method for measuring small velocity and attenuationchanges in solids,J Acoust Soc Am,91(6),3291～3302.
Rubin A M,2002,Using repeating earthquakes to correct high-precision earthquake catalogs for time-dependent station delays,BullSeism Soc Amer,92,1647～1659.
Rubin A M,Gillard D,Got J L,1999,Streaks of microearthquakes along creeping faults,Nature,400,635～641.
Rubinstein J L,Ellsworth W L,2010,Precise estimation of repeating earthquake moment:Example from Parkfield,California,BullSeism Soc Amer,100,1952～1961,doi:10.1785/0120100007.
Sammis C G,Rice J R,2001,Repeating earthquakes as low-stress-drop events at a border between locked and creeping faultpatches,Bull Seism Soc Amer,91,532～537.
Schaff D P,2010,Improvements to detection capability by cross-correlating for similar events:a case study of the1999Xiuyan,China,sequence and synthetic sensitivity tests,Geophys J Int,180,829～846.
Schaff D P,Beroza G C,2004,Coseismic and postseismic velocity changes measured by repeating earthquakes,J Geophys Res,109,B10302,doi:10.1029/2004JB003011.
Schaff D P,Beroza G C,Shaw B E,1998,Postseismic response of repeating aftershocks,Geophys Res Lett,25,4549～4552.
Schaff D P,Bokelmann G H R,Beroza G C,et al,2002,High resolution image of Calaveras Fault seismicity,J Geophys Res,107(B9),2186,doi:10.1029/2001JB000633.
Schaff D P,Richards P G,2004a,Repeating seismic events in China,Science,303,1176～1178.
Schaff D P,Richards P G,2004b,Lg-Wave Cross correlation and double-difference location:application to the1999Xiuyan,China,Sequence,Bull Seism Soc Amer,94,867～879.
Schaff D P,Waldhauser F,2005,Waveform cross-correlation-based differential travel-time measurements at the Northern CaliforniaSeismic Network,Bull Seism Soc Amer,95,2446～2461.
Schmidt D A,Bürgmann R,Nadeau R M,et al,2005,Distribution of aseismic slip rate on the Hayward fault inferred from seismicand geodetic data,J Geophys Res,110,B08406,15,doi:10.1029/2004JB003397.
Shearer P M,1997,Improving local earthquake locations using the L1norm and waveform cross correlation:application to theWhittier Narrows,California,aftershock sequence,J Geophys Res,102,8269～8283.
Shearer P M,1998,Evidence from a cluster of small earthquakes for a fault at18km depth beneath Oak Ridge,southern California,Bull Seism Soc Amer,88,1327～1336.
Snieder R,Hagerty M,2004,Monitoring change in volcanic interiors using coda wave interferometry:application to ArenalVolcano,Costa Rica,Geophys Res Lett,31,L09608,doi:10.1029/2004GL019670.
Song X D,Richards P G,1996,Seismological evidence for differential rotation of the Earth's inner core,Nature,382,221～224.
Templeton D C,Nadeau R M,Bürgmann R,2008,Behavior of repeating earthquake sequences in central California and theimplications for subsurface fault creep,Bull Seism Soc Amer,98(1),14,doi:10.1785/0120070026.
Uchida N,Igarashi T,Matsuzawa T,et al,2003a,Interplate quasi-static slip estimated from repeating earthquake analyses in thenortheastern Japan subduction zone(extended abstract),Thoku Geophys Journ,36,531～534.
Uchida N,Matsuzawa T,Ellsworth W L,et al,2007,Source parameters of a M4.8and its accompanying repeating earthquakes offKamaishi,NE Japan:Implications for the hierarchical structure of asperities and earthquake cycle,Geophys Res Lett,34,L20313,doi:10.1029/2007GL031263.
Uchida N,Matsuzawa T,Hasegawa A,et al,2003b,Interplate quasi-static slip off Sanriku,NE Japan,estimated from repeatingearthquakes,Geophys Res Lett,30(15),4,doi:10.1029/2003GL017452.
Uchida N,Matsuzawa T,Hasegawa A,et al,2005,Recurrence intervals of characteristic M4.8±0.1earthquakes off-Kamaishi,NE JapanComparison with creep rate estimated from small repeating earthquake data,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,233,155～165.
Uchida N,Matsuzawa T,Hirahara S,2006,Small repeating earthquakes and interplate creep around the2005Miyagi-oki earthquake(M=7.2),Earth Planets Space,58,1577～1580.
Uchida N,Matsuzawa T,Nakajima J,et al,2010,Subduction of a wedge-shaped Philippine Sea plate beneath Kanto,central Japan,estimated from converted waves and small repeating earthquakes,J Geophys Res,115,B07309,14,doi:10.1029/2009JB006962.
Vidale J E,Cochran E S,Kanamori H,et al,2003,After the lightning and before the thunder:ixon-Omori behavior of earlyaftershocks?EOS Trans,AGU,84,Fall meeting suppl,Abstract S31A-08.
Vidale J E,Ellsworth W L,Cole A,et al,1994,Variations in rupture process with recurrence interval in a repeated smallearthquake,Nature,368,624～626.
Wiens D A,Snider N O,2001,Repeating deep earthquakes:evidence for fault reactivation at great depth,Science,293,1463～1466.
Wu C,Koketsu K,Miyake H,2008,Source processes of the1978and2005Miyagi-oki,Japan,earthquakes:Repeated rupture ofasperities over successive large earthquakes,J Geophys Res,113,B08316,15,doi:10.1029/2007JB005189.
Yamawaki T,Nishimura T,Hamaguchi H,2004,Temporal change of seismic structure around Iwate volcano inferred from waveformcorrelation analysis of similar earthquakes,Geophys Res Lett,31,L24616,4,doi:10.1029/2004GL021103.
Yang H,Zhu L,Chu R,2009,Fault-plane determ ination of the18April2008Mount Carmel,Illinois,earthquake by detecting andrelocating aftershocks,Bull Seism Soc Amer,99,3413～3420.
Zhang J,Richards P G,Schaff D P,2008,Wide-scale detection of earthquake waveform doublets and further evidence for inner coresuper-rotation,Geophys J Int,174,14,doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03856.x.
Zhang J,Song X D,Li Y C,et al,2005,Inner core differential motion confirmed by earthquake waveform doublets,Science,309,1357～1360.
Zhao P,Peng Z,2008,Velocity contrast along the Calaveras fault from analysis of fault zone head waves generated by repeatingearthquakes,Geophys Res Lett,35,L01303,doi:10.1029/2007GL031810.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心