四川盆地西部新场地区须家河组四段9砂组地震沉积学
摘要
90°相位转换及地层切片技术是地震沉积学的重要研究手段。但实际研究中,小级别地震等时界面难以对比,简单地进行90°相位转换,不能正确反映岩性和地震反射的关系。文中通过分频解释技术对比追踪小级别地震等时界面,在保证合理信噪比的前提下,利用钻井控制的混合相位子波反褶积技术有效地提高了地震分辨率;同时使地震剖面零相位化,明确了地震反射的地质信息。依据该方法对四川盆地西部新场地区须家河组四段9砂组(T3x4(9))展开地震沉积学研究,认为T3x4(9)砂组内砂体普遍发育,水下分流河道不断地迁移改道,致使砂体互相叠置;根据砂体的延展方向,判断物源主要为北部龙门山岛链,其中由于多期水下分流河道叠置,新场地区中部砂体厚度最大。由于砾岩抗压实性能够对砂体的孔隙起到保护作用,新场地区中部水下分流河道叠置区的砂体物性较好,为勘探有利区。
The 90° phase conversion and slicing techniques are two important seismic sedimentology research approaches.However,tracing and correlation of small-scale isochronal seismic interfaces are challenging in reality,as the 90° phase conversion technique could not correctly reflect the relationship between lithology and seismic responses.The solution to the problem is to use SpecDecomp technology to trace the small-scale isochronal seismic interfaces and then improve seismic resolution with drilling-constrained mix-phase wavelet deconvolution technology while ensuring a rational signal-to-noise ratio.During the process,the seismic section is dephased and geological information is extracted from seismic responses.The new approach had been applied to the study of the 9th sand group of the fourth member of the Xujiahe Formation(T3x4(9))in Xinchang area of western Sichuan Basin.The result shows that sandbodies are well developed inside the group and are superimposed with one another as the underwater distributary channels moved and shifted frequently.According to the extension direction of the sandbodies,the authors judge that the Longmengshang island group in the north is the provenance.The central Xinchang area contains the thickest sandbody of all as a result of the superimposition of multiple phases of underwater distributary channels.As the compaction resistance of conglomerate can protect the pores of sandstone,the sandbodies in areas with superimposed underwater distributary channels have favorable physical properties,therefore are considered potential exploration targets.
The 90° phase conversion and slicing techniques are two important seismic sedimentology research approaches.However,tracing and correlation of small-scale isochronal seismic interfaces are challenging in reality,as the 90° phase conversion technique could not correctly reflect the relationship between lithology and seismic responses.The solution to the problem is to use SpecDecomp technology to trace the small-scale isochronal seismic interfaces and then improve seismic resolution with drilling-constrained mix-phase wavelet deconvolution technology while ensuring a rational signal-to-noise ratio.During the process,the seismic section is dephased and geological information is extracted from seismic responses.The new approach had been applied to the study of the 9th sand group of the fourth member of the Xujiahe Formation(T3x4(9))in Xinchang area of western Sichuan Basin.The result shows that sandbodies are well developed inside the group and are superimposed with one another as the underwater distributary channels moved and shifted frequently.According to the extension direction of the sandbodies,the authors judge that the Longmengshang island group in the north is the provenance.The central Xinchang area contains the thickest sandbody of all as a result of the superimposition of multiple phases of underwater distributary channels.As the compaction resistance of conglomerate can protect the pores of sandstone,the sandbodies in areas with superimposed underwater distributary channels have favorable physical properties,therefore are considered potential exploration targets.
引文
[1]Zeng Hongliu,Charles Kerans.Seismic frequency control oncarbonate seismic stratigraphy:A case study of the KingdomAbo sequence,west Texas[J].AAPG Bulletin,2003,87(2):273-293.
[2]Zeng Hongliu,John A,Katherine.Geomorphology-based auto-mated seismic facies analysis[J].SEG,2002,1-4.
[3]Zeng Hongliu,Stephen C Henry,John P Riola.Stratal slicing,part II:Real 3-D seismic data[J].Geopgysics,1998,63(2):514-522.
[4]Zeng Hongliu,William A,Ambrose.Seismic sedimentology andregional depositional systems in Mioceno Norte,Lake Maracai-bo,Venezuela[J].The Leading Edge,2001,11(2):92-108.
[5]张义娜,朱筱敏,刘长利.地震沉积学及其在中亚南部地区的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(1):74-79.Zhang Yi’na,Zhu Xiaomin,Liu Changli.Seismic sedimentolo-gy and its application in south area of central Asia[J].Petrole-um Exploration and Development,2009,36(1):74-79.
[6]陈海清,范金源.地震资料解释新技术在柴达木岩性勘探中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(1):78-84.Chen Haiqing,Fan Jinyuan.Application of new techniques ofseismic data interpretation to lithologic exploration in Qaidambasin.[J].ogp,2008,43(Supplement 1):78-84.
[7]应明雄.地震沉积学在塔巴庙D气田的应用研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2009.Ying Mingxiong.The application and study of seismic sedimen-tology in gas fields Tabamiao D[D].Chengdu:Chengdu Uni-versity of Technology 2009.
[8]刘喜武,宁俊瑞,刘培体,等.地震时频分析与分频解释及频谱分解技术在地震沉积学与储层成像中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(5):1679-1688.Liu Xiwu,Ning Junrui,Liu Peiti,et al.Application of time-fre-quency analysis,frequency-dependent interpretation,and spec-tral decomposition in seismic sedimentology and reservoir ima-ging[J].Progress in Geophysics,2009,24(5):1679-1688.
[9]董春梅,张宪国,林承焰.有关地震沉积学若干问题的探讨[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(4):405-409.Dong Chunmei,Zhang Xianguo,Lin Chengyan.Discussion onseveral issues about seism ic sedim ento logy[J].O il Geophys-ical Prospecting,2006,41(4):405-409.
[10]林承焰,张宪国,董春梅.地震沉积学及其初步应用[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):69-71.Lin Chengyan,Zhang Xianguo,Dong Chunmei Concept of seis-mic sedimentology and its pre liminary application[J].ActaPetrolei Sinica,2007,28(2):69-71.
[11]李庆忠,张进.岩性油气田勘探———河道砂储集层的研究方法[M].山东青岛:海洋大学出版社,2006:130.Li Qingzhong,Zhang Jin.Exploration method of lithological oiland gas field:knowledge of continental river channel systemreservoir[M].Qingdao:China Ocean University Press,2006:130.
[12]韩喜,高兴友,车廷信,等.利用地震属性沿层分析方法研究河流相沉积环境[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(1):120-124.Han Xi,Gao Xingyou,Che Tingxin,et al.Using horizon attri-butes to study fluvial depositional environment[J].Oil Geo-physical Prospecting,2007,42(1):120-124.
[13]张军华,周振晓,谭明友,等.地震切片解释中的几个理论问题[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(3):348-352,361.Zhang Junhua,Zhou Zhenxiao,Tan Mingyou.Discussions onseveral issues in seismic slice interpretation[J].Oil Geophysi-cal Prospecting,2007,42(3):348-352,361.
[14]钱荣钧.对地震切片解释中一些问题的分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(4):482-487.Qian Rongjun.Analysis on some problems in stratal slice inter-pretation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(4):482-487.
[15]陈汉军,叶泰然,郭伟,等.云南曲靖盆地浅层气藏地震储层预测及勘探前景分析[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(2):207-213.Chen Hanjun,Ye Tairan,Guo Wei,et al.Seismic reservoir pre-diction and exploration prospect analysis of shallow gas reser-voirs in the Qujing Basin,Yunnan province[J].Oil&Gas Ge-ology,2009,30(2):207-213.
[16]朱筱敏,董艳蕾,胡廷惠,等.精细层序地层格架与地震沉积学研究———以泌阳凹陷核桃园组为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(4):615-624.Zhu Xiaomin,Dong Yanlei,Hu Tinghui,et al.Seismic sedime-ntology study of fine sequence stratigraphic framework:a casestudy of the Hetaoyuan Formation in the Biyang Sag[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2011,32(4):615-624.
[17]徐强,王英民,吕明,等.陆架边缘三角洲在层序地层格架中的识别及其意义———以南海白云凹陷为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(5):733-742.Xu Qiang,Wang Yingmin,Lv Ming,et al.Identification andsignificance of shelf margin delta in sequence stratigraphicframework:a case study of Baiyun Sag,South China Sea[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2011,32(5):733-742.
[2]Zeng Hongliu,John A,Katherine.Geomorphology-based auto-mated seismic facies analysis[J].SEG,2002,1-4.
[3]Zeng Hongliu,Stephen C Henry,John P Riola.Stratal slicing,part II:Real 3-D seismic data[J].Geopgysics,1998,63(2):514-522.
[4]Zeng Hongliu,William A,Ambrose.Seismic sedimentology andregional depositional systems in Mioceno Norte,Lake Maracai-bo,Venezuela[J].The Leading Edge,2001,11(2):92-108.
[5]张义娜,朱筱敏,刘长利.地震沉积学及其在中亚南部地区的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(1):74-79.Zhang Yi’na,Zhu Xiaomin,Liu Changli.Seismic sedimentolo-gy and its application in south area of central Asia[J].Petrole-um Exploration and Development,2009,36(1):74-79.
[6]陈海清,范金源.地震资料解释新技术在柴达木岩性勘探中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(1):78-84.Chen Haiqing,Fan Jinyuan.Application of new techniques ofseismic data interpretation to lithologic exploration in Qaidambasin.[J].ogp,2008,43(Supplement 1):78-84.
[7]应明雄.地震沉积学在塔巴庙D气田的应用研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2009.Ying Mingxiong.The application and study of seismic sedimen-tology in gas fields Tabamiao D[D].Chengdu:Chengdu Uni-versity of Technology 2009.
[8]刘喜武,宁俊瑞,刘培体,等.地震时频分析与分频解释及频谱分解技术在地震沉积学与储层成像中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(5):1679-1688.Liu Xiwu,Ning Junrui,Liu Peiti,et al.Application of time-fre-quency analysis,frequency-dependent interpretation,and spec-tral decomposition in seismic sedimentology and reservoir ima-ging[J].Progress in Geophysics,2009,24(5):1679-1688.
[9]董春梅,张宪国,林承焰.有关地震沉积学若干问题的探讨[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(4):405-409.Dong Chunmei,Zhang Xianguo,Lin Chengyan.Discussion onseveral issues about seism ic sedim ento logy[J].O il Geophys-ical Prospecting,2006,41(4):405-409.
[10]林承焰,张宪国,董春梅.地震沉积学及其初步应用[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):69-71.Lin Chengyan,Zhang Xianguo,Dong Chunmei Concept of seis-mic sedimentology and its pre liminary application[J].ActaPetrolei Sinica,2007,28(2):69-71.
[11]李庆忠,张进.岩性油气田勘探———河道砂储集层的研究方法[M].山东青岛:海洋大学出版社,2006:130.Li Qingzhong,Zhang Jin.Exploration method of lithological oiland gas field:knowledge of continental river channel systemreservoir[M].Qingdao:China Ocean University Press,2006:130.
[12]韩喜,高兴友,车廷信,等.利用地震属性沿层分析方法研究河流相沉积环境[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(1):120-124.Han Xi,Gao Xingyou,Che Tingxin,et al.Using horizon attri-butes to study fluvial depositional environment[J].Oil Geo-physical Prospecting,2007,42(1):120-124.
[13]张军华,周振晓,谭明友,等.地震切片解释中的几个理论问题[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(3):348-352,361.Zhang Junhua,Zhou Zhenxiao,Tan Mingyou.Discussions onseveral issues in seismic slice interpretation[J].Oil Geophysi-cal Prospecting,2007,42(3):348-352,361.
[14]钱荣钧.对地震切片解释中一些问题的分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(4):482-487.Qian Rongjun.Analysis on some problems in stratal slice inter-pretation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(4):482-487.
[15]陈汉军,叶泰然,郭伟,等.云南曲靖盆地浅层气藏地震储层预测及勘探前景分析[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(2):207-213.Chen Hanjun,Ye Tairan,Guo Wei,et al.Seismic reservoir pre-diction and exploration prospect analysis of shallow gas reser-voirs in the Qujing Basin,Yunnan province[J].Oil&Gas Ge-ology,2009,30(2):207-213.
[16]朱筱敏,董艳蕾,胡廷惠,等.精细层序地层格架与地震沉积学研究———以泌阳凹陷核桃园组为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(4):615-624.Zhu Xiaomin,Dong Yanlei,Hu Tinghui,et al.Seismic sedime-ntology study of fine sequence stratigraphic framework:a casestudy of the Hetaoyuan Formation in the Biyang Sag[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2011,32(4):615-624.
[17]徐强,王英民,吕明,等.陆架边缘三角洲在层序地层格架中的识别及其意义———以南海白云凹陷为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(5):733-742.Xu Qiang,Wang Yingmin,Lv Ming,et al.Identification andsignificance of shelf margin delta in sequence stratigraphicframework:a case study of Baiyun Sag,South China Sea[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2011,32(5):733-742.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心