2000年7～9月强地震的前兆次声波测量研究
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摘要
介绍强地震前兆观测的一种新方法———次声波法。在北京昌平安装次声三点阵 ,并测量到 2 0 0 0年 7～ 9月强地震的前兆次声波P -t曲线及波速波向图 ,经过快速傅立叶变换得到其三维动态频谱。频谱分析结果表明 :(1)强震前约 10天内常能测到振幅很强、方向可测的地震前兆次声。其三维动态频谱的特点是 :振幅由弱 (10～ 2 0Pa)到逐渐加强 (4 0～ 80Pa)或更大 ;周期先分散在 2～ 19分钟或 2 0～ 6 5分钟 ,最后连成一片 (2～ 6 5分钟 ) ;波形明显不同于流星雨次声、大风次声和雷雨次声 ;(2 )强震前兆次声三维动态频谱的最大振幅不仅受震级大小影响 ,而且与震源距离及深度都有关 ;(3)初步解释了强震前兆次声的产生机理和传播机制 ;(4 )若两地的三点阵波向相交 ,可预测震中位置。故地震前兆次声波的测量研究 ,有可能发展成为临震预报中一种较有效的新方法
A new method about measurement of the precursory infrasonic waves of strong earthquake is introduced.A tripartite array in Changping,Beijing was arranged.The infrasonic signals(P-t curve,velocity and direction of wave) stimulated by strong earthquakes from July to Sept,2000 were observed.With fast Fourier transformation,the three-dimensional dynamic frequency spectra were obtained.The results of the spectrum analysis are as follows:(1)10 days or so before occurrence of strong earthquakes,the precursory infrasound of earthquakes with strong amplitude and measurable direction can often be observed.The spectrum characteristics are the amplitudes of precursory infrasound vary from weak(10-20 Pa)to strong(40-80 Pa)or even stronger;their periods are in 2～19 min and 20～65 min respectively at first,and then became 2～65min.Their waveforms are distinctly different from that of meteror shower and strong wind.(2)The maximal amplitude of the precursory infrasound measured is related to not only the magnitude of earthquake,but also the distance and depth of epicenter and other factors.(3)The generating and propagating mechanism of the precursory infrasound of earthquakes are preliminarily explained.(4)If the directions of two remote tripartite arrays intersect,the location of epicenter will be obtained.So the measurements of the precursory infrasound could become a new and more effective method of impending prediction of strong earthquake.
A new method about measurement of the precursory infrasonic waves of strong earthquake is introduced.A tripartite array in Changping,Beijing was arranged.The infrasonic signals(P-t curve,velocity and direction of wave) stimulated by strong earthquakes from July to Sept,2000 were observed.With fast Fourier transformation,the three-dimensional dynamic frequency spectra were obtained.The results of the spectrum analysis are as follows:(1)10 days or so before occurrence of strong earthquakes,the precursory infrasound of earthquakes with strong amplitude and measurable direction can often be observed.The spectrum characteristics are the amplitudes of precursory infrasound vary from weak(10-20 Pa)to strong(40-80 Pa)or even stronger;their periods are in 2～19 min and 20～65 min respectively at first,and then became 2～65min.Their waveforms are distinctly different from that of meteror shower and strong wind.(2)The maximal amplitude of the precursory infrasound measured is related to not only the magnitude of earthquake,but also the distance and depth of epicenter and other factors.(3)The generating and propagating mechanism of the precursory infrasound of earthquakes are preliminarily explained.(4)If the directions of two remote tripartite arrays intersect,the location of epicenter will be obtained.So the measurements of the precursory infrasound could become a new and more effective method of impending prediction of strong earthquake.
引文
[1]焦明若,张国民.地震前兆复杂性成因机理研究的讨论(二)[J].地震,1998,18(2):112～118.
[2]李钧之,夏雅琴,陈维生.近几年日本强地震的临震前兆信息[J].北京工业大学学报,1995,21(4):1～12.
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[6]苏 ,田 维.2000年4月强地震的前兆次声波测量研究[A].见:中国科技发展经典文库[M ].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2001.549～551.
[7]FangSu,WeiTian.MeasureandstudyofprecursoryinfrasonicwavesofstrongearthquakesinMay2000[J].JournalofLowFrequencyNoise,Vibra tionandActiveControl,2001,20(4):(tobepublished).
[8]SuFang,TianWei.MeasureandstudyofprecursoryinfrasonicwavesofstrongearthquakesfromOctobertoDecemberof2000[J].PetroleumSci ence,2000,4(3):8～18.
[9]苏 ,苏 骁.1998年11月17日狮子座流星雨的次声观测[J].应用声学,2000,19(3):1～6.
[10]谢金来,谢照华.1993年7月2日日本北海道地震次声波[J].声学学报,1996,21(1):55～61.
[11]苏 田 维.4～8级大风的次声波三维动态频谱测量研究[J].石油大学学报,2002,26(待发表).
[12]屠 焰,赵树卿.奇异的次声[M].北京:科学出版社,1979.a)40～42,b)42～45,c)49～51,d)3.
[13]马宗晋,傅征祥,张郢珍,等[M].1966～1976年中国九大地震.北京:地震出版社,1982.126～127.
[14]施志远.动物预报地震的奥秘[M].北京:科学普及出版社,1993.42,50～51.
[15]RiceJR ,RuinaAL .Stabilityofsteadyfrictionalslipping[J].JournalofAppliedMechanics,1983,50:343～349.
[16]DieterichJH .Time-dependentfrictionandthemechanicsofstick-lip[J].PureandAppliedGeophysics,1978,116:790～806.
[17]DieterichJH .Earthquakenucleationonfaultswithrateandstatedependentstrength[J].Tectonophysics,1992,211:115～134.
[18]OhnakaM .Earthquakesourcenucleation:aphysicalmodelforshort-termprecursors[J].Tectonophysics,1992,211:149～178.
[19]冯德益,潘琴龙,郑斯华,等.长周期形变波及其所反映的短期和临震地震前兆[J].地震学报,1984,6(1):41～56.
[20]李世愚,刘万琴,郑治真,等.房山矿震震前井下长周期事件记录的的分析[A].见:中国地震学会第七次学术大会论文摘要集[C].北京:地震出版社,1998.120.
[21]Hill,D .P .,Fischer,K .M .LahrandJ .M .Coakley.Earthquakesoundsgeneratedbybody-wavesgroundmotion[J].Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1976,66(4):1157～1172.
[22]李建国,刘祖沅,陈献程.浙江湖南镇水库1982年5月22日31级地震序列的近场地声观测和初步研究[J].地震学报,1985,7(3):314～324.
[23]何祚镛,赵玉芳.声学理论基础[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1981.67～70.
[24]Georges.T .M .HFDopplerstudiesoftravelingionosphericdisturbances[J].J.Atmos.Terr.Phys.,1968,30:735.
[25]谢金来,杨训仁.美国航天飞机“挑战者号”爆炸时所产生的次声波[J].声学学报,1986,11(3):189.
[26]YangXun-Ren,XieJin-Lai.DetectionandanalysisoftheinfrasonicwavesattachedtothetragicexplosionofU .S .spaceshuttle“Challenger”[J].JournalofLowFrequencyNoiseandVibration,1986,5(3):100～103.
[2]李钧之,夏雅琴,陈维生.近几年日本强地震的临震前兆信息[J].北京工业大学学报,1995,21(4):1～12.
[3]李志雄,高荣胜.1997年新疆伽师几次中强地震的短临预报过程[J].地震,1997,17(3):327～330.
[4]李均之,夏雅琴,陈维生,等.临震前兆观测方法的研究[A].见:中国天灾综合预测研究[M ].北京:地震出版社,199975～79.
[5]苏 ,苏 骁.强地震临震预报的前兆次声测量研究[J].石油大学学报,2000,24(6):106～112.
[6]苏 ,田 维.2000年4月强地震的前兆次声波测量研究[A].见:中国科技发展经典文库[M ].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2001.549～551.
[7]FangSu,WeiTian.MeasureandstudyofprecursoryinfrasonicwavesofstrongearthquakesinMay2000[J].JournalofLowFrequencyNoise,Vibra tionandActiveControl,2001,20(4):(tobepublished).
[8]SuFang,TianWei.MeasureandstudyofprecursoryinfrasonicwavesofstrongearthquakesfromOctobertoDecemberof2000[J].PetroleumSci ence,2000,4(3):8～18.
[9]苏 ,苏 骁.1998年11月17日狮子座流星雨的次声观测[J].应用声学,2000,19(3):1～6.
[10]谢金来,谢照华.1993年7月2日日本北海道地震次声波[J].声学学报,1996,21(1):55～61.
[11]苏 田 维.4～8级大风的次声波三维动态频谱测量研究[J].石油大学学报,2002,26(待发表).
[12]屠 焰,赵树卿.奇异的次声[M].北京:科学出版社,1979.a)40～42,b)42～45,c)49～51,d)3.
[13]马宗晋,傅征祥,张郢珍,等[M].1966～1976年中国九大地震.北京:地震出版社,1982.126～127.
[14]施志远.动物预报地震的奥秘[M].北京:科学普及出版社,1993.42,50～51.
[15]RiceJR ,RuinaAL .Stabilityofsteadyfrictionalslipping[J].JournalofAppliedMechanics,1983,50:343～349.
[16]DieterichJH .Time-dependentfrictionandthemechanicsofstick-lip[J].PureandAppliedGeophysics,1978,116:790～806.
[17]DieterichJH .Earthquakenucleationonfaultswithrateandstatedependentstrength[J].Tectonophysics,1992,211:115～134.
[18]OhnakaM .Earthquakesourcenucleation:aphysicalmodelforshort-termprecursors[J].Tectonophysics,1992,211:149～178.
[19]冯德益,潘琴龙,郑斯华,等.长周期形变波及其所反映的短期和临震地震前兆[J].地震学报,1984,6(1):41～56.
[20]李世愚,刘万琴,郑治真,等.房山矿震震前井下长周期事件记录的的分析[A].见:中国地震学会第七次学术大会论文摘要集[C].北京:地震出版社,1998.120.
[21]Hill,D .P .,Fischer,K .M .LahrandJ .M .Coakley.Earthquakesoundsgeneratedbybody-wavesgroundmotion[J].Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1976,66(4):1157～1172.
[22]李建国,刘祖沅,陈献程.浙江湖南镇水库1982年5月22日31级地震序列的近场地声观测和初步研究[J].地震学报,1985,7(3):314～324.
[23]何祚镛,赵玉芳.声学理论基础[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1981.67～70.
[24]Georges.T .M .HFDopplerstudiesoftravelingionosphericdisturbances[J].J.Atmos.Terr.Phys.,1968,30:735.
[25]谢金来,杨训仁.美国航天飞机“挑战者号”爆炸时所产生的次声波[J].声学学报,1986,11(3):189.
[26]YangXun-Ren,XieJin-Lai.DetectionandanalysisoftheinfrasonicwavesattachedtothetragicexplosionofU .S .spaceshuttle“Challenger”[J].JournalofLowFrequencyNoiseandVibration,1986,5(3):100～103.
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