地震成藏学及其应用
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摘要
地震成藏学是继地震地层学、地震沉积学和油气成藏学之后的一门新兴边缘交叉学科分支,是地球物理勘探技术及其成果与现代油气成藏理论相结合的产物.通过对其研究方法、内容及关键技术分析,认为直接利用地震解释成果(构造解释剖面、岩性反演剖面、烃检测剖面等)进行油气成藏分析是其研究的独特方法,它以精细地震构造解释技术、高精度地震岩性反演技术和稳定的地震弹性参数反演及烃类检测技术为手段,以现代油气成藏理论为指导,结合地震资料及解释成果,在油气潜力预测和勘探开发方面展示出良好的应用前景.以塔南凹陷t46井区为例,发现日产近万方的油气井,论证了高精度地震岩性反演技术在隐蔽油气藏(主要是岩性油气藏)预测中的重要价值.
Seismic-petroleum accumulation science is a new branch of marginal intersection subject following seismic stratigraphy,seismic sedimentology and hydrocarbon accumulation,which is a combination of the geophysical exploration technology and modern hydrocarbon accumulation.Its research methods,contents and the key technologies are analyzed.Seismic-petroleum accumulation science is a kind of special research method,because it could easily analysis the process of hydrocarbon accumulation based on the results of seismic interpretation(such as structural interpretation sections,inversion profiles and hydrocarbon detection sections).The key methods for researching seismic-petroleum accumulation science contain fine structural seismic interpretation,high-precision seismic lithological inversion and stable seismic elastic parameter inversion and hydrocarbon detection technology.Application of the key techniques combined with seismic data and its results of interpretation,and modern hydrocarbon accumulation theory as a guidance,which shows the favorable prospect in oil and gas potential prediction and petroleum exploration and development.Application of seismic-petroleum accumulation science theory in forecasting subtle pool(especially lithologic reservoir),based on which a nearly ten thousands cubic meters oil-gas well is detected,has an important value revealed by an example of wellblock t46 in Tanan depression.
Seismic-petroleum accumulation science is a new branch of marginal intersection subject following seismic stratigraphy,seismic sedimentology and hydrocarbon accumulation,which is a combination of the geophysical exploration technology and modern hydrocarbon accumulation.Its research methods,contents and the key technologies are analyzed.Seismic-petroleum accumulation science is a kind of special research method,because it could easily analysis the process of hydrocarbon accumulation based on the results of seismic interpretation(such as structural interpretation sections,inversion profiles and hydrocarbon detection sections).The key methods for researching seismic-petroleum accumulation science contain fine structural seismic interpretation,high-precision seismic lithological inversion and stable seismic elastic parameter inversion and hydrocarbon detection technology.Application of the key techniques combined with seismic data and its results of interpretation,and modern hydrocarbon accumulation theory as a guidance,which shows the favorable prospect in oil and gas potential prediction and petroleum exploration and development.Application of seismic-petroleum accumulation science theory in forecasting subtle pool(especially lithologic reservoir),based on which a nearly ten thousands cubic meters oil-gas well is detected,has an important value revealed by an example of wellblock t46 in Tanan depression.
引文
[1]吕公河,于常青,董宁.叠后地震属性分析在油气田勘探开发中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):161-166.Lv G H,Yu C Q,Dong N.The application of post-stackseismic attribute analysis in the oil-gas exploration anddevelopment[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,21(1):161-166.
[2]苑书金.叠前地震反演技术的进展及其在岩性油气藏勘探中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):879-886.Yuan S J.Progress of pre-stack inversion and application inexploration of the lithological reservoirs[J].Progress inGeophys.(in Chinese),2007,22(3):879-886.
[3]张波,王真理,周水生,等.谱分解在含气检测中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(4):1360-1364.Zhang B,Wang Z L,Zhou S S,et al.Application of Spectraldecomposition to gas detection[J].Progress in Geophys.(inChinese),2010,25(4):1360-1364.
[4]罗群,黄捍东.地震成藏学的提出与应用[J].石油学报,2009,30(6):876-881.Luo Q,Huang H D.Research on seismic-petroleumaccumulation science and its application[J].Acta PetroleiSinica(in Chinese),2009,30(6):876-881.
[5]Perrodon A.Geodynanique Petroliece:Genese at RepartitionDesglament Hydrocarbones[M].Paris:Masson-ELFAquitaine,1980,381.
[6]Magoon L B,Dow W G.The Petroleum System[A].//Magoon L B,Dow W G,eds.The petroleum system:fromsource to trap[C].AAPG Memoir,1994,60:1-35.
[7]郝芳,邹华耀,蒋建群.油气成藏动力学及其研究进展[J].地学前缘,2000,7(3):11-21.Hao F,Zou H Y,Jiang J Q.Dynamics of petroleumaccumulation and its advances[J].Earth Science Frontiers(inChinese),2000,7(3):11-21.
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[10]罗群,白新华.断裂控烃理论与实践——断裂活动与油气聚集研究[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1998:6-33.Luo Q,Bai X H.Fault Controlling Hydrocarbon Theory andPractice-Fault Activity and Petroleum Accumulating Research(in Chinese)[M].Wuhan:Chinese University of GeosciencesPress,1998:6-33.
[11]李宏义,姜振学,庞雄奇,等.柴北缘油气运移优势通道特征及其控油气作用[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2006,31(2):214-220.Li H Y,Jiang Z X,Pang X Q,et al.Dominant migrationpathway and its control on oil-gas migration in the northernedge of Qaidam basin[J].Earth Science(Journal of ChinaUniversity of Geosciences)(in Chinese),2006,31(2):214-220.
[12]汤良杰,金之钧,庞雄奇.多期叠合盆地油气运聚模式[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2000,24(4):67-70.Tang L J,Jin Z J,Pang X Q.Hydrocarbon migration andaccumulation models of superimposed basins[J].Journal ofthe University of Petroleum,China(Edition of NaturalScience)(in Chinese),2000,24(4):67-70.
[13]张善文,王英民,李群.应用坡折带理论寻找隐蔽油气藏[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(3):5-7.Zhang S W,Wang Y M,Li Q.Searching subtle traps usingthe theory of slope break[J].Petroleum Exploration andDevelopment(in Chinese),2003,30(3):5-7.
[14]熊翥.隐蔽油气藏勘探-地震数据的整理与解释[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(6):392-396.Xiong X.Aspects of subtle reservoir exploration:Seismicdata processing and interpretation[J].Progress in ExplorationGeophysics(in Chinese),2004,27(6):392-396.
[15]刘丽峰,杨怀义,蒋多元,等.三维精细构造解释的方法流程和关键技术[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):864-871.Liu L F,Yang H Y,Jiang D Y,et al.Primary exploration of3-D fine structure interpretation[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,21(3):864-871.
[16]黄捍东,罗群,付艳,等.地震相控非线性随机反演研究与应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(6):694-698.Huang H D,Luo Q,Fu Y,et al.Study and application ofseismic phase-controlled non-linear random inversion[J].OilGeophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2007,42(6):694-698.
[17]陆光辉,朱玉波,张宏,等.隐蔽圈闭识别技术发展概述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(2):177-182.Lu G H,Zhu Y B,Zhang H,et al.Review of identificationtechnologies for subtle traps[J].Progress in ExplorationGeophysics(in Chinese),2004,27(2):177-182.
[18]Payton C E编.地震地层学[M].牛毓荃译.北京:石油工业出版社,1980:56-69.Payton C E.Seismic Stratigraphy Application toHydrocarbon Exploration(in Chinese)[M].Niu L Q,Trans.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1980:56-69.
[19]林承焰,张宪国,董春梅.地震沉积学及其初步应用[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):69-72.Lin C Y,Zhang X G,Dong C M.Concept of seismicsedimentology and its preliminary application[J].ActaPetrolei Sinica(in Chinese),2007,28(2):69-72.
[20]罗群,姜振学,庞雄奇.断裂控藏机理与模式[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2007:313-314.Luo Q,Jiang Z X,Pang X Q.Mechanism and Model of FaultControlling Petroleum Accumulation(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2007:313-314.
[21]罗群,黄捍东.地震成藏学导论[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2012:1-11.Luo Q,Huang H D.Introduction of Petroleum AccumulatingSeismology(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Petroleum IndustryPress,2012:1-11.
[22]陈同俊,崔若飞,郎玉泉,等.煤田采区三维地震精细构造解释方法[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(2):573-578.Chen T J,Cui R F,Lang Y Q,et al.Detail structuralinterpretation methods of coal3-D seismic[J].Progress inGeophys.(in Chinese),2007,22(2):573-578.
[23]迟红霞.三维地震解释技术在油田开发中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(1):16-20.Chi H X.The application of three dimensional seismicinterpretation to development of oilfields[J].Progress inGeophys.(in Chinese),2010,25(1):16-20.
[24]王志君,黄军斌.利用相干技术和三维可视化技术识别微小断层和砂体[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(3):378-381.Wang Z J,Huang J B.Identification of micro-fault and sandbody by using coherence technique and 3-D visualization[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2001,36(3):378-381.
[25]张永刚.地震波阻抗反演技术的现状和发展[J].石油物探,2002,41(4):385-389.Zhang Y G.The present and future of wave impedanceinversion technique[J].Geophysical Prospecting forPetroleum(in Chinese),2002,41(4):385-389.
[26]傅红笋,韩波.二维波动方程速度的正则化-同伦-测井约束反演[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(6):1441-1448.Fu H S,Han B.A regularization homotopy method for theinverse problem of 2-D wave equation and well log constraintinversion[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(6):1441-1448.
[27]杨培杰,印兴耀.非线性二次规划贝叶斯叠前反演[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(6):1876-1882.Yang P J,Yin X Y.Non-linear quadratic programmingBayesian prestack inversion[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2008,51(6):1876-1882.
[28]黄捍东,张如伟,孟宪军,等.基于小波变换的叠前弹性参数反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(5):562-567.Huang H D,Zhang R W,Meng X J,et al.Wavelettransform based prestack seismic elastic parameter inversion[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2008,43(5):562-567.
[29]周水生,宜伟,郝召兵,等.基于叠前反演的流体敏感属性实验研究及应用[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(6):1985-1992.Zhou S S,Yi W,Hao Z B,et al.Experiment research andapplication of fluid sensitive attributes based on the pre-stackinversion[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,55(6):1985-1992.
[30]魏超,郑晓东,李劲松.非线性AVO反演方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(8):2110-2116.Wei C,Zhang X D,Li J S.A study on nonlinear AVOinverse method[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(8):2110-2116.
[31]金惠,曾富英,张绍胜,等.柴达木盆地三湖地区的烃类检测技术研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(增刊1):185-190.Jin H,Zeng F Y,Zhang S S,et al.The research ofhydrocarbon detection technology on three lakes in QaidamBasin area[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2010,45(sup.1):185-190.
[2]苑书金.叠前地震反演技术的进展及其在岩性油气藏勘探中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):879-886.Yuan S J.Progress of pre-stack inversion and application inexploration of the lithological reservoirs[J].Progress inGeophys.(in Chinese),2007,22(3):879-886.
[3]张波,王真理,周水生,等.谱分解在含气检测中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(4):1360-1364.Zhang B,Wang Z L,Zhou S S,et al.Application of Spectraldecomposition to gas detection[J].Progress in Geophys.(inChinese),2010,25(4):1360-1364.
[4]罗群,黄捍东.地震成藏学的提出与应用[J].石油学报,2009,30(6):876-881.Luo Q,Huang H D.Research on seismic-petroleumaccumulation science and its application[J].Acta PetroleiSinica(in Chinese),2009,30(6):876-881.
[5]Perrodon A.Geodynanique Petroliece:Genese at RepartitionDesglament Hydrocarbones[M].Paris:Masson-ELFAquitaine,1980,381.
[6]Magoon L B,Dow W G.The Petroleum System[A].//Magoon L B,Dow W G,eds.The petroleum system:fromsource to trap[C].AAPG Memoir,1994,60:1-35.
[7]郝芳,邹华耀,蒋建群.油气成藏动力学及其研究进展[J].地学前缘,2000,7(3):11-21.Hao F,Zou H Y,Jiang J Q.Dynamics of petroleumaccumulation and its advances[J].Earth Science Frontiers(inChinese),2000,7(3):11-21.
[8]庞雄奇,王亚春.煤系源岩排烃门限理论研究与应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001:63-99.Pang X Q,Wang Y C.Expelling Hydrocarbon ThresholdTheory and Its Application of Coal Formation Source Rock(inChinese)[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2001:63-99.
[9]李德生.中国含油气盆地构造学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002.Li D S.Tectonics of Oil and Gas Basins in China(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2002.
[10]罗群,白新华.断裂控烃理论与实践——断裂活动与油气聚集研究[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1998:6-33.Luo Q,Bai X H.Fault Controlling Hydrocarbon Theory andPractice-Fault Activity and Petroleum Accumulating Research(in Chinese)[M].Wuhan:Chinese University of GeosciencesPress,1998:6-33.
[11]李宏义,姜振学,庞雄奇,等.柴北缘油气运移优势通道特征及其控油气作用[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2006,31(2):214-220.Li H Y,Jiang Z X,Pang X Q,et al.Dominant migrationpathway and its control on oil-gas migration in the northernedge of Qaidam basin[J].Earth Science(Journal of ChinaUniversity of Geosciences)(in Chinese),2006,31(2):214-220.
[12]汤良杰,金之钧,庞雄奇.多期叠合盆地油气运聚模式[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2000,24(4):67-70.Tang L J,Jin Z J,Pang X Q.Hydrocarbon migration andaccumulation models of superimposed basins[J].Journal ofthe University of Petroleum,China(Edition of NaturalScience)(in Chinese),2000,24(4):67-70.
[13]张善文,王英民,李群.应用坡折带理论寻找隐蔽油气藏[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(3):5-7.Zhang S W,Wang Y M,Li Q.Searching subtle traps usingthe theory of slope break[J].Petroleum Exploration andDevelopment(in Chinese),2003,30(3):5-7.
[14]熊翥.隐蔽油气藏勘探-地震数据的整理与解释[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(6):392-396.Xiong X.Aspects of subtle reservoir exploration:Seismicdata processing and interpretation[J].Progress in ExplorationGeophysics(in Chinese),2004,27(6):392-396.
[15]刘丽峰,杨怀义,蒋多元,等.三维精细构造解释的方法流程和关键技术[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):864-871.Liu L F,Yang H Y,Jiang D Y,et al.Primary exploration of3-D fine structure interpretation[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,21(3):864-871.
[16]黄捍东,罗群,付艳,等.地震相控非线性随机反演研究与应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(6):694-698.Huang H D,Luo Q,Fu Y,et al.Study and application ofseismic phase-controlled non-linear random inversion[J].OilGeophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2007,42(6):694-698.
[17]陆光辉,朱玉波,张宏,等.隐蔽圈闭识别技术发展概述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(2):177-182.Lu G H,Zhu Y B,Zhang H,et al.Review of identificationtechnologies for subtle traps[J].Progress in ExplorationGeophysics(in Chinese),2004,27(2):177-182.
[18]Payton C E编.地震地层学[M].牛毓荃译.北京:石油工业出版社,1980:56-69.Payton C E.Seismic Stratigraphy Application toHydrocarbon Exploration(in Chinese)[M].Niu L Q,Trans.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1980:56-69.
[19]林承焰,张宪国,董春梅.地震沉积学及其初步应用[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):69-72.Lin C Y,Zhang X G,Dong C M.Concept of seismicsedimentology and its preliminary application[J].ActaPetrolei Sinica(in Chinese),2007,28(2):69-72.
[20]罗群,姜振学,庞雄奇.断裂控藏机理与模式[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2007:313-314.Luo Q,Jiang Z X,Pang X Q.Mechanism and Model of FaultControlling Petroleum Accumulation(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2007:313-314.
[21]罗群,黄捍东.地震成藏学导论[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2012:1-11.Luo Q,Huang H D.Introduction of Petroleum AccumulatingSeismology(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Petroleum IndustryPress,2012:1-11.
[22]陈同俊,崔若飞,郎玉泉,等.煤田采区三维地震精细构造解释方法[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(2):573-578.Chen T J,Cui R F,Lang Y Q,et al.Detail structuralinterpretation methods of coal3-D seismic[J].Progress inGeophys.(in Chinese),2007,22(2):573-578.
[23]迟红霞.三维地震解释技术在油田开发中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(1):16-20.Chi H X.The application of three dimensional seismicinterpretation to development of oilfields[J].Progress inGeophys.(in Chinese),2010,25(1):16-20.
[24]王志君,黄军斌.利用相干技术和三维可视化技术识别微小断层和砂体[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(3):378-381.Wang Z J,Huang J B.Identification of micro-fault and sandbody by using coherence technique and 3-D visualization[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2001,36(3):378-381.
[25]张永刚.地震波阻抗反演技术的现状和发展[J].石油物探,2002,41(4):385-389.Zhang Y G.The present and future of wave impedanceinversion technique[J].Geophysical Prospecting forPetroleum(in Chinese),2002,41(4):385-389.
[26]傅红笋,韩波.二维波动方程速度的正则化-同伦-测井约束反演[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(6):1441-1448.Fu H S,Han B.A regularization homotopy method for theinverse problem of 2-D wave equation and well log constraintinversion[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(6):1441-1448.
[27]杨培杰,印兴耀.非线性二次规划贝叶斯叠前反演[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(6):1876-1882.Yang P J,Yin X Y.Non-linear quadratic programmingBayesian prestack inversion[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2008,51(6):1876-1882.
[28]黄捍东,张如伟,孟宪军,等.基于小波变换的叠前弹性参数反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(5):562-567.Huang H D,Zhang R W,Meng X J,et al.Wavelettransform based prestack seismic elastic parameter inversion[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2008,43(5):562-567.
[29]周水生,宜伟,郝召兵,等.基于叠前反演的流体敏感属性实验研究及应用[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(6):1985-1992.Zhou S S,Yi W,Hao Z B,et al.Experiment research andapplication of fluid sensitive attributes based on the pre-stackinversion[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,55(6):1985-1992.
[30]魏超,郑晓东,李劲松.非线性AVO反演方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(8):2110-2116.Wei C,Zhang X D,Li J S.A study on nonlinear AVOinverse method[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(8):2110-2116.
[31]金惠,曾富英,张绍胜,等.柴达木盆地三湖地区的烃类检测技术研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(增刊1):185-190.Jin H,Zeng F Y,Zhang S S,et al.The research ofhydrocarbon detection technology on three lakes in QaidamBasin area[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2010,45(sup.1):185-190.
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