高速屏蔽层下地震数据的采集
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摘要
在地震勘探中,高速地层的屏蔽作用往往使地震波的能量难以继续向下传播,因此常规的地震资料采集方法很难得到高速屏蔽层以下地层的有效反射地震资料。根据Snell定理和Zoeppritz方程,通过水平层模型的正演模拟,研究了地震波在地层分界面上的能量与方位角关系,发现了地震反射波的能量在超临界角突然增强的变化规律。基于该能量传播规律,采用大炮检距地震采集系统对含高速屏蔽地层的理论模型进行了地震采集实验,在超临界角区域接收高速屏蔽层下方的反射地震信号,有效地削弱了高速地层的屏蔽影响。此外还研究了激发频率与分辨率的关系,对含高速屏蔽层地区的地震资料采集工作提出了一些建议。
In the seismic exploration,it is difficult for the seismic wave to transmit the shielding layer of high velocity,so it is difficult to acquire efficient seismic data of reflected wave from the stratum below the high velocity shield layer by the conventional methods.According to Snell law and Zoeppritz equation,the paper studies the rule of energy's distribution of elastic wave on the interface,obtain the rule of received energy variation with offset or angle,and also study the relation of the exploding frequency and the resolution.In addition,the paper proposes some advice on seismic acquisition in the area of high velocity shielding layers,which is very useful for practical seismic acquisition.
In the seismic exploration,it is difficult for the seismic wave to transmit the shielding layer of high velocity,so it is difficult to acquire efficient seismic data of reflected wave from the stratum below the high velocity shield layer by the conventional methods.According to Snell law and Zoeppritz equation,the paper studies the rule of energy's distribution of elastic wave on the interface,obtain the rule of received energy variation with offset or angle,and also study the relation of the exploding frequency and the resolution.In addition,the paper proposes some advice on seismic acquisition in the area of high velocity shielding layers,which is very useful for practical seismic acquisition.
引文
[1]王志,贺振华,黄德济,等.高速屏蔽层下弱反射层地震勘探[J].勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(5):23-27.
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[3]李正文,贺振华.勘查技术工程学[M].北京:地质出版社,2003:191-199.
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[5]CERVENY V,M OLOGKO I A著.地震学中的射线方法[M].刘福田,胡戈译.北京:地质出版社,1986.
[6]姬小兵,尚应军,张帆.山地地震勘探采集技术研究[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(1):114-116.
[7]郭晓龙,欧阳永林,耿晶,等.鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田地震转换解释[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(5):650-653.
[2]李智宏,胡中平,王辉明,等.含高速层地震物理模型的广角地震波场研究[J].勘探地球物理进展,2005,28(5):345-348.
[3]李正文,贺振华.勘查技术工程学[M].北京:地质出版社,2003:191-199.
[4]张玉芬.薄互层地震反射特征研究[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2002:1-3.
[5]CERVENY V,M OLOGKO I A著.地震学中的射线方法[M].刘福田,胡戈译.北京:地质出版社,1986.
[6]姬小兵,尚应军,张帆.山地地震勘探采集技术研究[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(1):114-116.
[7]郭晓龙,欧阳永林,耿晶,等.鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田地震转换解释[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(5):650-653.
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