芦山7.0级地震:特殊的弯曲断层地震
摘要
精定位结果显示芦山7.0级地震余震的空间分布类似"半碗"形,据此推测主震破裂面为弯曲程度较高的曲面.运动学分析显示,即使断层两盘之间为单一方向的水平相对运动,这种曲面断层的位错方式也存在显著的横向变化.断层面上以逆断为主,但在断层面北翼边缘存在明显的正断位错;另外,断层面的北翼和南翼分别呈现左旋和右旋特征.余震的分布规模显示断层面可能还没完全破坏;曲面断层面上的同震库仑应力变化分析显示,与位错区相邻部位的应力有显著加载,相关部位的地震危险性有可能增加.同震应力分析还显示,曲面断层面上的地震不一定导致位错区应力卸载,显示出芦山地震断层是一种特殊的断层结构,其特殊性可能与断层面高度弯曲有关.
引文
1房立华,吴建平,王未来,等.四川芦山Ms7.0级地震及其余震序列重定位.科学通报,2013,58:1901-1909
2曾祥方,罗艳,韩立波,等.2013年4月20日四川芦山Ms7.0地震:一个高角度逆冲地震.地球物理学报,2013,56:1418-1424
3Wells D,Coppersmith K J.New empirical relationships among magnitude,rupture length,rupture width,rupture area,and surface dis-placement.Bull Seism Soc Am,1994,84:974-1002
4徐锡伟,闻学泽,韩竹军,等.四川芦山7.0级强震:一次典型的盲逆断层型地震.科学通报,2013,58:1887-1893
5王卫民,郝金来,姚振兴.2013年4月20日四川芦山地震震源破裂过程反演初步结果.地球物理学报,2013,56:1412-1417
6董少鹏,韩竹军,尹金辉,等.龙门山山前大邑断裂活动时代与最新构造变形样式初步研究.地震地质,2008,30:996-1003
7Burchfiel B C,Chen Z,Liu Y,et al.Tectonics of the Longmenshan and adjacent regions,central China.Int Geol Rev,1995,37:661-735
8王二七,孟庆任,陈智,等.龙门山断裂带印支期左旋走滑运动及其大地构造成因.地学前缘,2001,8:375-384
9Jia D,Wei W Q,Chen Z X,et al.Longmen Shan fold-thrust belt and its relation to the western Sichuan Basin in central China:New in-sights from hydrocarbon exploration.AAPG Bull,2006,90:1425-1447
10许志琴,李化启,侯立玮,等.青藏高原东缘龙门山-锦屏造山带的崛起——大型拆离断层和挤出机制.地质通报,2007,26:1262-1276
11汤良杰,杨克明,金文正,等.龙门山冲断带多层次滑脱带与滑脱构造变形.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008,38(增刊I):30-40
12Hubbard J,Shaw J H,Klinger Y.Structural setting of the2008MW7.9Wenchuan,China,earthquake.Bull Seism Soc Am,2010,100:2713-2735
13Wang M M,Jia D,Lin A M,et al.Late Holocene activity and historical earthquakes of the Qiongxi thrust fault system in the southernLongmen Shan fold-and-thrust belt,eastern Tibetan Plateau.Tectonophysics,2013,584:102-103
14张勇,许力生,陈运泰.芦山4.20地震破裂过程及其致灾特征初步分析.地球物理学报,2013,56:1408-1411
15刘成利,郑勇,葛粲,等.2013年芦山7.0级地震的动态破裂过程.中国科学:地球科学,2013,43:1020-1026
16Shen Z K,Sun J B,Zhang P Z,et al.Slip maxima at fault junctions and rupturing of barriers during the2008Wenchuan earthquake.NatGeosci,2009,2:718-724
17Mendoza C,Hartzell S H.Aftershock patterns and main shock faulting.Bull Seism Soc Am,1988,78:1438-1449
18Harris R A.Introduction to special section:Stress triggers,stress shadows,and implications for seismic hazard.J Geophys Res,1998,103:24347-24358
19Das S,Henry C.Spatial relation between main earthquake slip and its aftershock distribution.Rev Geophys,2003,41:3-1-3-26
20McCaffrey R.Block kinematics of the Pacific-North America plate boundary in the southwestern United States from inversion of GPS,seismological,and geologic data.J Geophys Res,2005,110:B07401
21Meade B J,Hager B H.Block models of crustal motion in southern California constrained by GPS measurements.J Geophys Res,2005,110:B03403
22Aki K,Richards P G.Quantitative Seismology.2nd Edition.Sausalito:University Science Books.2002.101
23Stein R S,Ekstrom G.Seismicity and geometry of a110-km-long blind thrust fault2.Synthesis of the1982—1985California earthquakesequence.J Geophys Res,1992,97:4865-4883
24Reid R.The mechanics of the earthquake,the California earthquake of April18,1906.Report of the State Investigation Commission,v.2,Carnegie Institution of Washington,Washington D C.1910
25Okada Y.Internal deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space.Bull Seism Soc Am,1992,82:1016-1040
26Toda S,Stein R S,Richards-Dinger K,et al.Forecasting the evolution of seismicity in southern California:Animations built on earth-quake stress transfer.J Geophys Res,2005,110:B05S16,doi:10.1029/2004JB003415
27Lin J,Stein R S.Stress triggering in thrust and subduction earthquakes,and stress interaction between the southern San Andreas andnearby thrust and strike-slip faults.J Geophys Res,2004,109:B02303,doi:10.1029/2003JB002607
28Aki K.Asperities,barriers,characteristic earthquakes and strong motion prediction.J Geophys Res,1984,89:5867-5872
29徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青,等.汶川Ms8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造.地震地质,2009,30:597-629
30李传友,魏占玉.汶川Ms8.0地震地表破裂带北端位置的修订.地震地质,2009,31:1-8
31张勇,冯万鹏,许力生,等.2008年汶川大地震的时空破裂过程.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008,38:1186-1194
32Wells D L,Coppersmith K J.New empirical relationships among magnitude,rupture length,rupture width,rupture area,and surface dis-placement.Bull Seism Soc Am,1994,84:974-1002
33黄媛,吴建平,张天中,等.汶川8.0级大地震及其余震序列重定位研究.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008,38:1242-1249
34陈九辉,刘启元,李顺城,等.汶川Ms8.0地震余震序列重新定位及其地震构造研究.地球物理学报,2009,52:390-397
35武艳强,江在森,王敏,等.GPS监测的芦山7.0级地震前应变积累及同震位移场初步结果.科学通报,2013,58:1910-1916
36Wu C J,Takeo M,Ide S.Source process of the Chi-Chi earthquake:A joint inversion of strong motion data and global positioning systemdata with a multifault model.Bull Seism Soc Am,2001,91:1128-1143
37Wu C C,Dreger D.Finite fault inversion of the September25,1999(Mw=6.4)Taiwan earthquake:Implications for GPS displacements ofChi-Chi,Taiwan earthquake sequence.Geophys Res Lett,2002,29:39-1-39-4
38Koper K D,Hutko A R,Lay T,et al.Imaging short-period seismic radiation from the27February2010Chile(Mw8.8)earthquake byback-projection of P,PP,and PKIKP waves.J Geophys Res,2012,117:B02308
39Lee S J.Rupture process of the2011Tohoku-Oki earthquake based upon joint source inversion of teleseismic and GPS data.Terr AtmosOcean Sci,2012,23:1-7
40Chen W S,Huang B S,Chen Y G,et al.1999Chi-Chi earthquake:A case study on the role of thrust-ramp structures for generatingearthquakes.Bull Seism Soc Am,2001,91:986-994
41McCrory P A,Blair J L,Oppenheimer D H,et al.Depth to the Juan de Fuca slab beneath the Cascadia subduction margin:A3-D modelfor sorting earthquakes.U.S.Geological Survey Digital Data Series,1CD-ROM,2003
42McKenzie D,Brune J N.Melting on fault planes during large earthquakes.Geophys J Int,1972,29:65-78
43Dieterich J H.Modeling of rock friction:1.Experimental results and constitutive equations.J Geophys Res,1979,84:2161-2168
44安其美,丁立丰,王海忠,等.龙门山断裂带的性质与活动性研究.大地测量与地球动力学,2004,24:115-119
45秦向辉,陈群策,谭成轩,等.龙门山断裂带西南段现今地应力状态与地震危险性分析.岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32:2871-2876
2曾祥方,罗艳,韩立波,等.2013年4月20日四川芦山Ms7.0地震:一个高角度逆冲地震.地球物理学报,2013,56:1418-1424
3Wells D,Coppersmith K J.New empirical relationships among magnitude,rupture length,rupture width,rupture area,and surface dis-placement.Bull Seism Soc Am,1994,84:974-1002
4徐锡伟,闻学泽,韩竹军,等.四川芦山7.0级强震:一次典型的盲逆断层型地震.科学通报,2013,58:1887-1893
5王卫民,郝金来,姚振兴.2013年4月20日四川芦山地震震源破裂过程反演初步结果.地球物理学报,2013,56:1412-1417
6董少鹏,韩竹军,尹金辉,等.龙门山山前大邑断裂活动时代与最新构造变形样式初步研究.地震地质,2008,30:996-1003
7Burchfiel B C,Chen Z,Liu Y,et al.Tectonics of the Longmenshan and adjacent regions,central China.Int Geol Rev,1995,37:661-735
8王二七,孟庆任,陈智,等.龙门山断裂带印支期左旋走滑运动及其大地构造成因.地学前缘,2001,8:375-384
9Jia D,Wei W Q,Chen Z X,et al.Longmen Shan fold-thrust belt and its relation to the western Sichuan Basin in central China:New in-sights from hydrocarbon exploration.AAPG Bull,2006,90:1425-1447
10许志琴,李化启,侯立玮,等.青藏高原东缘龙门山-锦屏造山带的崛起——大型拆离断层和挤出机制.地质通报,2007,26:1262-1276
11汤良杰,杨克明,金文正,等.龙门山冲断带多层次滑脱带与滑脱构造变形.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008,38(增刊I):30-40
12Hubbard J,Shaw J H,Klinger Y.Structural setting of the2008MW7.9Wenchuan,China,earthquake.Bull Seism Soc Am,2010,100:2713-2735
13Wang M M,Jia D,Lin A M,et al.Late Holocene activity and historical earthquakes of the Qiongxi thrust fault system in the southernLongmen Shan fold-and-thrust belt,eastern Tibetan Plateau.Tectonophysics,2013,584:102-103
14张勇,许力生,陈运泰.芦山4.20地震破裂过程及其致灾特征初步分析.地球物理学报,2013,56:1408-1411
15刘成利,郑勇,葛粲,等.2013年芦山7.0级地震的动态破裂过程.中国科学:地球科学,2013,43:1020-1026
16Shen Z K,Sun J B,Zhang P Z,et al.Slip maxima at fault junctions and rupturing of barriers during the2008Wenchuan earthquake.NatGeosci,2009,2:718-724
17Mendoza C,Hartzell S H.Aftershock patterns and main shock faulting.Bull Seism Soc Am,1988,78:1438-1449
18Harris R A.Introduction to special section:Stress triggers,stress shadows,and implications for seismic hazard.J Geophys Res,1998,103:24347-24358
19Das S,Henry C.Spatial relation between main earthquake slip and its aftershock distribution.Rev Geophys,2003,41:3-1-3-26
20McCaffrey R.Block kinematics of the Pacific-North America plate boundary in the southwestern United States from inversion of GPS,seismological,and geologic data.J Geophys Res,2005,110:B07401
21Meade B J,Hager B H.Block models of crustal motion in southern California constrained by GPS measurements.J Geophys Res,2005,110:B03403
22Aki K,Richards P G.Quantitative Seismology.2nd Edition.Sausalito:University Science Books.2002.101
23Stein R S,Ekstrom G.Seismicity and geometry of a110-km-long blind thrust fault2.Synthesis of the1982—1985California earthquakesequence.J Geophys Res,1992,97:4865-4883
24Reid R.The mechanics of the earthquake,the California earthquake of April18,1906.Report of the State Investigation Commission,v.2,Carnegie Institution of Washington,Washington D C.1910
25Okada Y.Internal deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space.Bull Seism Soc Am,1992,82:1016-1040
26Toda S,Stein R S,Richards-Dinger K,et al.Forecasting the evolution of seismicity in southern California:Animations built on earth-quake stress transfer.J Geophys Res,2005,110:B05S16,doi:10.1029/2004JB003415
27Lin J,Stein R S.Stress triggering in thrust and subduction earthquakes,and stress interaction between the southern San Andreas andnearby thrust and strike-slip faults.J Geophys Res,2004,109:B02303,doi:10.1029/2003JB002607
28Aki K.Asperities,barriers,characteristic earthquakes and strong motion prediction.J Geophys Res,1984,89:5867-5872
29徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青,等.汶川Ms8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造.地震地质,2009,30:597-629
30李传友,魏占玉.汶川Ms8.0地震地表破裂带北端位置的修订.地震地质,2009,31:1-8
31张勇,冯万鹏,许力生,等.2008年汶川大地震的时空破裂过程.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008,38:1186-1194
32Wells D L,Coppersmith K J.New empirical relationships among magnitude,rupture length,rupture width,rupture area,and surface dis-placement.Bull Seism Soc Am,1994,84:974-1002
33黄媛,吴建平,张天中,等.汶川8.0级大地震及其余震序列重定位研究.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008,38:1242-1249
34陈九辉,刘启元,李顺城,等.汶川Ms8.0地震余震序列重新定位及其地震构造研究.地球物理学报,2009,52:390-397
35武艳强,江在森,王敏,等.GPS监测的芦山7.0级地震前应变积累及同震位移场初步结果.科学通报,2013,58:1910-1916
36Wu C J,Takeo M,Ide S.Source process of the Chi-Chi earthquake:A joint inversion of strong motion data and global positioning systemdata with a multifault model.Bull Seism Soc Am,2001,91:1128-1143
37Wu C C,Dreger D.Finite fault inversion of the September25,1999(Mw=6.4)Taiwan earthquake:Implications for GPS displacements ofChi-Chi,Taiwan earthquake sequence.Geophys Res Lett,2002,29:39-1-39-4
38Koper K D,Hutko A R,Lay T,et al.Imaging short-period seismic radiation from the27February2010Chile(Mw8.8)earthquake byback-projection of P,PP,and PKIKP waves.J Geophys Res,2012,117:B02308
39Lee S J.Rupture process of the2011Tohoku-Oki earthquake based upon joint source inversion of teleseismic and GPS data.Terr AtmosOcean Sci,2012,23:1-7
40Chen W S,Huang B S,Chen Y G,et al.1999Chi-Chi earthquake:A case study on the role of thrust-ramp structures for generatingearthquakes.Bull Seism Soc Am,2001,91:986-994
41McCrory P A,Blair J L,Oppenheimer D H,et al.Depth to the Juan de Fuca slab beneath the Cascadia subduction margin:A3-D modelfor sorting earthquakes.U.S.Geological Survey Digital Data Series,1CD-ROM,2003
42McKenzie D,Brune J N.Melting on fault planes during large earthquakes.Geophys J Int,1972,29:65-78
43Dieterich J H.Modeling of rock friction:1.Experimental results and constitutive equations.J Geophys Res,1979,84:2161-2168
44安其美,丁立丰,王海忠,等.龙门山断裂带的性质与活动性研究.大地测量与地球动力学,2004,24:115-119
45秦向辉,陈群策,谭成轩,等.龙门山断裂带西南段现今地应力状态与地震危险性分析.岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32:2871-2876
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