新疆地区地震目录最小完整性震级和台网科学布局研究
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摘要
地震目录的最小完整性震级Mc是地震学中最基础、最重要的研究内容之一,也是地震观测台网效能评估的关键.本文对构造活动剧烈、地震活动水平高、台站地理分布复杂的新疆地区开展Mc研究,试图为该地区的地震危险性评估和台站科学布局等研究提供参考资料.基于新疆地震台网发展的5个阶段划分,采用基于G-R关系的交互式分析方法,研究了Mc的空间分布特征;采用多参数方法研究了分区的Mc时间演化特征.结果表明,新疆地区Mc的空间分布存在较大的非均匀性,天山地区监测能力较好,西昆仑地震带等地区相对较低.对于地震台网的不同发展阶段,尤其是"十五"数字地震台网运行以来,天山地震带、阿尔泰地震带Mc可达ML1.5—2.0,台站相对稀疏的西昆仑地震带北段可控制在ML2.0左右.此外,利用新疆地区1988年以来的经过数字化整理的地震观测报告,考察了Mc与震中距和台站张角的关系,讨论了台网科学布局和提升地震监测能力的科学途径.结果表明,通过增加近台数量和台站-事件张角上的密度,仍是提升新疆地区地震监测能力的有效途径.
The minimum magnitude of completeness(Mc) is a fundamental and important parameter for earthquake study.It is also a key factor for evaluating detection ability of a seismic network.In the Xinjiang region with intense tectonic movement earthquakes frequently occur and geographic distribution of seismic stations is complicated.The analysis of Mc can provide useful information for seismic risk evaluation and scientific layout of seismic stations in this region.For the 5 development periods of Xinjiang seismic network we examined Mc spatial distribution in each period by using G-R relation analysis,and investigated temporal variation of Mc distribution for every seismic zone by means of multi-parameter description.The result shows that the Mc distribution is spatially inhomogeneous and seismic monitoring capability is rather good for Tianshan region,but it is poor for western Kunlun and other regions.For different period of seismic network development,especially since the establishment of digital seismic network during the "10th five year project",the Mc is ML1.5—2.0 in Tianshan and Altai seismic zone,and is ML2.0 in northern region of western Kunlun seismic zone.Besides,the relation between Mc and station-epicenter distance,and azimuthal coverage of stations,are studied based on the data from seismological observation reports in Xinjiang region since 1988,and the scientific approach of optimizing seismic network and advancing seismic monitoring capability are discussed.It is assumed that adding short epicenter distance stations and improving azimuthal coverage of stations are necessary for advancing seismic monitoring capability in Xinjiang region.
The minimum magnitude of completeness(Mc) is a fundamental and important parameter for earthquake study.It is also a key factor for evaluating detection ability of a seismic network.In the Xinjiang region with intense tectonic movement earthquakes frequently occur and geographic distribution of seismic stations is complicated.The analysis of Mc can provide useful information for seismic risk evaluation and scientific layout of seismic stations in this region.For the 5 development periods of Xinjiang seismic network we examined Mc spatial distribution in each period by using G-R relation analysis,and investigated temporal variation of Mc distribution for every seismic zone by means of multi-parameter description.The result shows that the Mc distribution is spatially inhomogeneous and seismic monitoring capability is rather good for Tianshan region,but it is poor for western Kunlun and other regions.For different period of seismic network development,especially since the establishment of digital seismic network during the "10th five year project",the Mc is ML1.5—2.0 in Tianshan and Altai seismic zone,and is ML2.0 in northern region of western Kunlun seismic zone.Besides,the relation between Mc and station-epicenter distance,and azimuthal coverage of stations,are studied based on the data from seismological observation reports in Xinjiang region since 1988,and the scientific approach of optimizing seismic network and advancing seismic monitoring capability are discussed.It is assumed that adding short epicenter distance stations and improving azimuthal coverage of stations are necessary for advancing seismic monitoring capability in Xinjiang region.
引文
巩思园,窦林名,曹安业,贺虎,杜涛涛,江衡.2010.煤矿微震监测台网优化布设研究[J].地球物理学报,53(2):457-465.
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赵仲和.1983.区域地震台网地震定位能力分析[J].地震学报,5(4):467-476.
朱令人,张云峰,任郁亮,柏美祥,张德衡.2002.新疆通志11卷:地震志[G].乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社:307-393.
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Bartal Y,Somer Z,Leonard G,Steinberg D M,Horin Y B.2000.Optimal seismic networks in Israel in the context ofthe Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,90(1):151-165.
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Doufexopoulou M,Korakitis R.1992.Resolution analysis of seismic networks[J].Phys Earth Planet Interi,75(1-3):121-129.
Enescu B,Ito K.2002.Spatial analysis of the frequency-magnitude distribution and decay rate of aftershock activity ofthe2000Western Tottori earthquake[J].Earth Planet Space,54:847-859.
Gomberg J,Reasenberg P,Bodin P,Harris R.2001.Earthquake triggering by seismic waves following the Landers andHector Mine earthquakes[J].Nature,411:462-466.
Gutenberg R,Richter C F.1944.Frequency of earthquakes in California[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,34:185-188.
Knopoff L.2000.The magnitude distribution of declustered earthquakes in Southern California[J].Proc Nat Acad Sci,97(22):11880-11884.
Main I G.1996.Statistical physics,Seismogenesis,and seismic hazard[J].Rev Geophys,34(4):433-462.
Main I.2000.Apparent breaks in scaling in the earthquake cumulative frequency-magnitude distribution:Fact or artifact?[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,90(1):86-97.
Marsan D.2003.Triggering of seismicity at short timescales following Californian earthquakes[J].J Geophys Res,108(B5):2266,doi:10.1029/2002JB001946.
Nanjo K Z,Schorlemmer D,Woessner J,Wirmer S,Giardini D.2010.Earthquake detection capability of the Swiss Seis-mic Network[J].Geophys J Inter,181(3):1713-1724.
Rabinowitz N,Steinberg D M.1990.Optimal configuration of a seismographic network:A statistical approach[J].BullSeism Soc Amer,80(1):187-196.
Schorlemmer D,Woessner J.2008.Probability of detecting and earthquake[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,98(5):2103-2117.
Stein R S.1999.The role of stress transfer in earthquake occurrence[J].Nature,402:605-609.
Wiemer S,Wyss M.2000.Minimum magnitude of completenss in earthquake catalogs:Examples from Alaska,theWestern United States,and Japan[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,90(4):859-869.
Woessner J,Wiemer S.2005.Assessing the quality of earthquake catalogues:Estimating the magnitude of completenessand its uncertainty[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,95(2):684-698.
Woessner J,Hauksson E,Wiemer S,Neukomm S.2004.The1997Kagoshima(Japan)earthquake doublet:A quantita-tive analysis of aftershock rate changes[J].Geophys Res Lett,31:L03605,doi:10.1029/2003/GL018858.
Wüster J,Rivière F,Crusem R,Plantet J,Massinon B,Caristan Y.2000.GSETT-3:Evaluation of the detection andlocation capabilities of an experimental global seismic monitoring system[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,90(1):166-186.
郭飙,刘启元,陈九辉,李顺成.2002.首都圈数字地震台网的微震定位实验[J].地震地质,24(3):453-460.
国家地震局震害防御司.1990.地震工作手册[M].北京:地震出版社:129.
蒋长胜,吴忠良,李宇彤.2008.首都圈地区“重复地震事件”及其在区域地震台网定位精度评价中的应用[J].地球物理学报,51(3):817-827.
孟玉梅,赵永,王斌.2001.中国地震观测台网地震速报定位偏差的分析[J].地震,21(3):65-69.
单新建,韩京,许静.1996.新疆测震台网历史监测能力及现状[J].内陆地震,10(1):61-67.
王海涛,李志海,赵翠萍,曲延军.2007.新疆北天山地区MS≥2.0地震震源参数的重新测定[J].中国地震,23(1):47-55.
赵仲和.1983.区域地震台网地震定位能力分析[J].地震学报,5(4):467-476.
朱令人,张云峰,任郁亮,柏美祥,张德衡.2002.新疆通志11卷:地震志[G].乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社:307-393.
Amorèse D.2007.Applying a change-point detection method on frequency-magnitude distributions[J].Bull Seism SocAmer,97(5):1742-1749.
Bartal Y,Somer Z,Leonard G,Steinberg D M,Horin Y B.2000.Optimal seismic networks in Israel in the context ofthe Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,90(1):151-165.
Cao A M,Gao S S.2002.Temporal variation of seismic b-values beneath northeastern Japan island arc[J].Geophys ResLett,29(9):1334,doi:10.1029/2001GL013775.
Doufexopoulou M,Korakitis R.1992.Resolution analysis of seismic networks[J].Phys Earth Planet Interi,75(1-3):121-129.
Enescu B,Ito K.2002.Spatial analysis of the frequency-magnitude distribution and decay rate of aftershock activity ofthe2000Western Tottori earthquake[J].Earth Planet Space,54:847-859.
Gomberg J,Reasenberg P,Bodin P,Harris R.2001.Earthquake triggering by seismic waves following the Landers andHector Mine earthquakes[J].Nature,411:462-466.
Gutenberg R,Richter C F.1944.Frequency of earthquakes in California[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,34:185-188.
Knopoff L.2000.The magnitude distribution of declustered earthquakes in Southern California[J].Proc Nat Acad Sci,97(22):11880-11884.
Main I G.1996.Statistical physics,Seismogenesis,and seismic hazard[J].Rev Geophys,34(4):433-462.
Main I.2000.Apparent breaks in scaling in the earthquake cumulative frequency-magnitude distribution:Fact or artifact?[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,90(1):86-97.
Marsan D.2003.Triggering of seismicity at short timescales following Californian earthquakes[J].J Geophys Res,108(B5):2266,doi:10.1029/2002JB001946.
Nanjo K Z,Schorlemmer D,Woessner J,Wirmer S,Giardini D.2010.Earthquake detection capability of the Swiss Seis-mic Network[J].Geophys J Inter,181(3):1713-1724.
Rabinowitz N,Steinberg D M.1990.Optimal configuration of a seismographic network:A statistical approach[J].BullSeism Soc Amer,80(1):187-196.
Schorlemmer D,Woessner J.2008.Probability of detecting and earthquake[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,98(5):2103-2117.
Stein R S.1999.The role of stress transfer in earthquake occurrence[J].Nature,402:605-609.
Wiemer S,Wyss M.2000.Minimum magnitude of completenss in earthquake catalogs:Examples from Alaska,theWestern United States,and Japan[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,90(4):859-869.
Woessner J,Wiemer S.2005.Assessing the quality of earthquake catalogues:Estimating the magnitude of completenessand its uncertainty[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,95(2):684-698.
Woessner J,Hauksson E,Wiemer S,Neukomm S.2004.The1997Kagoshima(Japan)earthquake doublet:A quantita-tive analysis of aftershock rate changes[J].Geophys Res Lett,31:L03605,doi:10.1029/2003/GL018858.
Wüster J,Rivière F,Crusem R,Plantet J,Massinon B,Caristan Y.2000.GSETT-3:Evaluation of the detection andlocation capabilities of an experimental global seismic monitoring system[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,90(1):166-186.
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