宽方位三维三分量地震资料采集观测系统设计——以新场气田三维三分量勘探为例
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摘要
宽方位三维三分量勘探综合了宽方位纵波勘探和转换波勘探二者的优势,对于解决川西深层致密裂缝性气藏的勘探开发问题具有良好的应用前景。而宽方位三维三分量地震采集设计是三维转换波地震勘探在技术合理、经济可行的条件下,采集到高质量多分量原始资料的技术保障。为此,首先根据储层埋藏深、岩性致密的特点,结合地质任务要求,分析了宽方位三维三分量观测系统设计的难点;然后通过观测系统参数的分析论证。确定了同时适合纵波勘探和转换波勘探的面元尺寸、最大和最小炮检距、接收线距、束间滚动距等;通过针对目的层深度和纵、横波速度比的观测系统模板分析,确定了观测系统的类型。基于上述分析设计了3种观测系统方案,通过对3种方案观测系统的玫瑰图、CMP面元和CCP面元属性、最大炮检距分布等的分析,确定了适合新场地区的宽方位三维三分量观测系统,并利用正演模拟对其进行了验证。将该观测系统应用于实际地震资料采集,获得的三分量资料波组特征清楚,同相轴连续性好,反射信息丰富;PP波剖面和PS波剖面反射层次清楚,目的层反射特征明显,构造形态一致性好。
The wide-azimuth 3D3C seismic exploration takes the advanta- ges of both wide-azimuth P-wave exploration and converted-wave exploration.This technique can be well applied to solve the explo- ration problem of deep-buried compact fracture gas reservoirs in western Sichuan.In 3D converted-wave exploration,the design of 3D3C seismic acquisition geometry is the technical support to ac- quire high-quality multi-component original data under the condi- tion of reasonable technique and feasible economic results.There- fore,according to the characteristics of deep-buried and tight li- thology,combined with the geological requirement,difficulties for designing 3D3C geometry were analyzed.Then,through analyzing and demonstrating geometry parameters,some parameters fit for P-wave exploration and converted-wave exploration were defined, such as the bin size,the maximum and minimum offsets,the re- ceiver line distance,the swath rolling distanee etc.By analyzing geometry templates on target depth and VP/VS,the geometry was confirmed.Based on all the analyses,three geometries were de- signed.After analyzing their rose plots,CMP and CCP bin attrib- utes,maximum offset distribution,geometry suitable for Xinchang area were set and verified by forward simulation.The acquired 3D3C data based on this geometry have clear and continuous events and abundant reflection information.There are clear reflection ima- ging,obvious reflection characteristics for the target and good con- sistency in structure form for both the PP wave section and the PS wave section.
The wide-azimuth 3D3C seismic exploration takes the advanta- ges of both wide-azimuth P-wave exploration and converted-wave exploration.This technique can be well applied to solve the explo- ration problem of deep-buried compact fracture gas reservoirs in western Sichuan.In 3D converted-wave exploration,the design of 3D3C seismic acquisition geometry is the technical support to ac- quire high-quality multi-component original data under the condi- tion of reasonable technique and feasible economic results.There- fore,according to the characteristics of deep-buried and tight li- thology,combined with the geological requirement,difficulties for designing 3D3C geometry were analyzed.Then,through analyzing and demonstrating geometry parameters,some parameters fit for P-wave exploration and converted-wave exploration were defined, such as the bin size,the maximum and minimum offsets,the re- ceiver line distance,the swath rolling distanee etc.By analyzing geometry templates on target depth and VP/VS,the geometry was confirmed.Based on all the analyses,three geometries were de- signed.After analyzing their rose plots,CMP and CCP bin attrib- utes,maximum offset distribution,geometry suitable for Xinchang area were set and verified by forward simulation.The acquired 3D3C data based on this geometry have clear and continuous events and abundant reflection information.There are clear reflection ima- ging,obvious reflection characteristics for the target and good con- sistency in structure form for both the PP wave section and the PS wave section.
引文
1甘其刚,高志平．宽方位AVA裂缝检测技术应用研究[J]．天然气工业,2005,25(5):42～44
2 Cafarelli B,Madtson E,Krail P,et al.3-D gas cloud imaging of the Donald Field with converted wave[J]. Expanded Abstracts of 70~(th) Annual Internat SEG Mtg, 2000,1158～1161
3康家光,钱光萍,杨继友．四川新场三分量地震勘探试验研究[J]．石油物探,2005,44(4):399～403
4贾志新,何樵登,王红燕等．松辽盆地北部汪家电气田三分量地震采集方法及效果[J]．石油物探,2002,41 (2):158～160
5徐仲达,孙波,唐宗璜．P-SV转换波反射系数与野外采集观测系统设计[J]．石油物探,1996．35(1):1～11
6芦俊,王赟,孟召平等．优化P-P、P-SV波联合采集观测系统设计方法[J]．地球物理学进展,2003,18(4): 716～723
7霍全明,程增庆,彭苏萍等．一种经济高效的三维三分量观测系统设计方法[J]．石油地球物理勘探,2004,39 (1):501～504
8 Cordsen A.Narrow-versus wide-azimuth land 3-D seismic surveys[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21(8):764～770
9李庆珍,程曾庆,彭苏萍等．地震勘探三维观测系统设计[J]．中国煤田地质,1998,10(2):54～63
10刘洋,魏修成,王长春等．三维三分量观测系统设计方法[J]．石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(6):549～555
11张永刚,王赟,王妙月．目前多分量地震勘探中的几个关键问题[J]．地球物理学报,2004,47(1):151～155
12陆基孟．地震勘探原理(下)[M]．北京:石油工业出版社,1993．165
2 Cafarelli B,Madtson E,Krail P,et al.3-D gas cloud imaging of the Donald Field with converted wave[J]. Expanded Abstracts of 70~(th) Annual Internat SEG Mtg, 2000,1158～1161
3康家光,钱光萍,杨继友．四川新场三分量地震勘探试验研究[J]．石油物探,2005,44(4):399～403
4贾志新,何樵登,王红燕等．松辽盆地北部汪家电气田三分量地震采集方法及效果[J]．石油物探,2002,41 (2):158～160
5徐仲达,孙波,唐宗璜．P-SV转换波反射系数与野外采集观测系统设计[J]．石油物探,1996．35(1):1～11
6芦俊,王赟,孟召平等．优化P-P、P-SV波联合采集观测系统设计方法[J]．地球物理学进展,2003,18(4): 716～723
7霍全明,程增庆,彭苏萍等．一种经济高效的三维三分量观测系统设计方法[J]．石油地球物理勘探,2004,39 (1):501～504
8 Cordsen A.Narrow-versus wide-azimuth land 3-D seismic surveys[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21(8):764～770
9李庆珍,程曾庆,彭苏萍等．地震勘探三维观测系统设计[J]．中国煤田地质,1998,10(2):54～63
10刘洋,魏修成,王长春等．三维三分量观测系统设计方法[J]．石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(6):549～555
11张永刚,王赟,王妙月．目前多分量地震勘探中的几个关键问题[J]．地球物理学报,2004,47(1):151～155
12陆基孟．地震勘探原理(下)[M]．北京:石油工业出版社,1993．165
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