几种地震观测方式的逆时成像分析
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摘要
研究并分析了地震波叠前逆时偏移技术对地面地震、井中地震及井间地震这3种地震观测方式采集的数据进行偏移成像的适用性。以含不同倾角的速度模型和Marmousi速度模型为例,合成了对应观测方式的若干共炮点道集,并进行了逆时偏移数值实验。结果表明:逆时偏移方法适用于这3种地震观测方式,且均能获得较好的成像效果,通过低频噪声压制处理可进一步提高信噪比。其中,地面地震观测方式须对直达波和折射波波场进行精细切除,井中地震和井间地震观测方式则须保留初至波波场(下行直达波),才能不破坏反射和透射这种波场之间的能量转换关系,并最大程度地刻画地质构造的细节特征。
This paper analyzed the applicability of the seismic wave pre-stack reverse-time migration technology on the migration of data from different seismic observation models,such as surface seismic,borehole seismic and crosswell seismic.Taking velocity model with different dip angle and Marmousi velocity model as examples,we synthesized several common shot gathers corresponding to observation models,and carried out numerical experiments on reverse-time migration further.The results show that the reverse-time migration method is suitable for these seismic observation models,and can get perfect imaging results;the S/N ratio can be further improved by low-frequency noise suppression method.The direct wave and refracted wave of the surface seismic observation model must be finely cut,and the first-arrival wave field(down propagating direct wave) must be preserved of the borehole seismic and crosswell seismic observation model.In this way,the wave field energy transformation relation between the reflection and transmission can be remained unchanged,and it can depict detailed features the geological structure to a maximum extent.
This paper analyzed the applicability of the seismic wave pre-stack reverse-time migration technology on the migration of data from different seismic observation models,such as surface seismic,borehole seismic and crosswell seismic.Taking velocity model with different dip angle and Marmousi velocity model as examples,we synthesized several common shot gathers corresponding to observation models,and carried out numerical experiments on reverse-time migration further.The results show that the reverse-time migration method is suitable for these seismic observation models,and can get perfect imaging results;the S/N ratio can be further improved by low-frequency noise suppression method.The direct wave and refracted wave of the surface seismic observation model must be finely cut,and the first-arrival wave field(down propagating direct wave) must be preserved of the borehole seismic and crosswell seismic observation model.In this way,the wave field energy transformation relation between the reflection and transmission can be remained unchanged,and it can depict detailed features the geological structure to a maximum extent.
引文
[1]孙文博,孙赞东.基于伪谱法的VSP逆时偏移及其应用研究[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(9):2196-2203.
[2]陈可洋.高阶弹性波波动方程正演模拟及逆时偏移成像研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2009.
[3]杨仁虎,常旭,刘伊克.叠前逆时偏移影响因素分析[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(8):1902-1913.
[4]董春晖,王尚旭.变时间步长有限差分法逆时偏移[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(4):1298-1305.
[5]李信富,张美根.显式分形插值在有限元叠前逆时偏移成像中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(5):1406-1411.
[6]Chattopadhyay S,Mcmechan G A.Imaging conditions for prestack reverse-time migration[J].Geophysics,2008,73(3):S81-S89.
[7]Sava P,Fomel S.Time-shift imaging condition in seismic migration[J].Geophysics,2006,71(6):S209-S217.
[8]Costa J C,Silva Neto F A.Obliquity-correction imaging condition for reverse time migration[J].Geophysics,2009,74(3):S57-S66.
[9]Sava P.Stereographic imaging condition for wave-equation migration[J].Geophysics,2007,72(6):A87-A91.
[10]Jones I F.A modeling study of preprocessing considerations for reverse-time migration[J].Geophysics,2008,73(6):T99-T106.
[11]Yoon K,Marfurt K J,Starr W.Challenges in reverse-time migration[G].Expanded Abstracts of74th Annual International SEG Meet-ing,2004:1057-1060.
[12]Zhang Y,Sun J,Gray S.Reverse-time migration:Amplitude and implementation issues[G].Expanded Abstracts of77th Annual International SEG Meeting,2007:2145-2148.
[13]Jones I F.Pre-processing considerations for reverse time migration[G].Expanded Abstracts of78th Annual International SEG Meet-ing,2008:2297-2301.
[14]陈可洋.地震波逆时偏移方法研究综述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2010,33(3):153-159.
[15]陈可洋.一阶速度-应力Biot双相各向同性介质弹性波波场分离数值模拟[J].计算物理,2011,28(3):404-412.
[16]陈可洋.边界吸收中镶边法的评价[J].中国科学院研究生院学报,2010,27(2):170-175.
[17]陈可洋.完全匹配层吸收边界条件研究[J].石油物探,2010,49(5):472-477.
[18]陈可洋.基于拉普拉斯算子的叠前逆时噪声压制方法[J].岩性油气藏,2011,23(5):87-95.
[19]陈可洋.两种类型共炮点域相关型叠前深度偏移方法分析[J].内陆地震,2012,26(1):17-27.
[20]陈可洋,杨微,吴清岭,等.几种地震波叠后深度偏移方法的比较[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(4):257-260.
[21]左建军,李振春,孔庆丰,等.波动方程法井间地震成像[J].勘探地球物理进展,2005,28(3):212-214.
[22]何惺华.对井间地震反射波的分析[J].石油物探,2006,45(5):520-526.
[23]孔庆丰,左建军,魏国华.井间地震下行反射波成像方法初探[J].天然气工业,2007,27(增刊A):107-108.
[24]Chang W F.Reverse-time migration of offset vertical seismic pro-filing data using the excitation time imaging condition[J].Geophy-sics,1986,51(1):67-84.
[25]刘清林,骆毅.VSP资料的叠前波动方程逆时偏移[J].石油地球物理勘探,1989,24(3):281-289.
[26]陈可洋.基于高阶有限差分的波动方程叠前逆时偏移方法[J].石油物探,2009,48(5):475-478.
[27]Leveille J,Checkles S,Graves J.Reverse time migration of P-wave and C-wave data from a3D VSP over a deep subsalt prospect in the Gulf of Mexico[J].SEG Expanded Abstracts,2008,27:3355-3359.
[28]刘垒.井间地震纵波提取及反射波成像[D].北京:中国石油大学,2008.
[29]陈可洋,吴清岭,李来林,等.松辽盆地三维地震资料连片处理关键技术及其应用效果分析[J].岩性油气藏,2012,24(2):87-91.
[30]陈可洋.高精度地震纯波震源数值模拟[J].岩性油气藏,2012,24(1):84-91.
[31]陈可洋.地震波数值模拟中优化的通量校正传输方法[J].内陆地震,2012,26(2):169-179.
[32]陈可洋.两种叠前逆时成像条件的比较[J].油气藏评价与开发,2011,1(4):6-11.
[33]陈可洋.正演子波响应特征及逆时成像分析[J].石油物探,2011,50(5):455-462.
[34]陈可洋.各向异性弹性波高阶有限差分法叠前逆时深度偏移[J].油气地球物理,2011,9(3):24-28.
[35]陈可洋.多尺度随机孔洞介质地震波正演及其逆时成像[J].上海国土资源,2011,32(1):84-88.
[2]陈可洋.高阶弹性波波动方程正演模拟及逆时偏移成像研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2009.
[3]杨仁虎,常旭,刘伊克.叠前逆时偏移影响因素分析[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(8):1902-1913.
[4]董春晖,王尚旭.变时间步长有限差分法逆时偏移[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(4):1298-1305.
[5]李信富,张美根.显式分形插值在有限元叠前逆时偏移成像中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(5):1406-1411.
[6]Chattopadhyay S,Mcmechan G A.Imaging conditions for prestack reverse-time migration[J].Geophysics,2008,73(3):S81-S89.
[7]Sava P,Fomel S.Time-shift imaging condition in seismic migration[J].Geophysics,2006,71(6):S209-S217.
[8]Costa J C,Silva Neto F A.Obliquity-correction imaging condition for reverse time migration[J].Geophysics,2009,74(3):S57-S66.
[9]Sava P.Stereographic imaging condition for wave-equation migration[J].Geophysics,2007,72(6):A87-A91.
[10]Jones I F.A modeling study of preprocessing considerations for reverse-time migration[J].Geophysics,2008,73(6):T99-T106.
[11]Yoon K,Marfurt K J,Starr W.Challenges in reverse-time migration[G].Expanded Abstracts of74th Annual International SEG Meet-ing,2004:1057-1060.
[12]Zhang Y,Sun J,Gray S.Reverse-time migration:Amplitude and implementation issues[G].Expanded Abstracts of77th Annual International SEG Meeting,2007:2145-2148.
[13]Jones I F.Pre-processing considerations for reverse time migration[G].Expanded Abstracts of78th Annual International SEG Meet-ing,2008:2297-2301.
[14]陈可洋.地震波逆时偏移方法研究综述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2010,33(3):153-159.
[15]陈可洋.一阶速度-应力Biot双相各向同性介质弹性波波场分离数值模拟[J].计算物理,2011,28(3):404-412.
[16]陈可洋.边界吸收中镶边法的评价[J].中国科学院研究生院学报,2010,27(2):170-175.
[17]陈可洋.完全匹配层吸收边界条件研究[J].石油物探,2010,49(5):472-477.
[18]陈可洋.基于拉普拉斯算子的叠前逆时噪声压制方法[J].岩性油气藏,2011,23(5):87-95.
[19]陈可洋.两种类型共炮点域相关型叠前深度偏移方法分析[J].内陆地震,2012,26(1):17-27.
[20]陈可洋,杨微,吴清岭,等.几种地震波叠后深度偏移方法的比较[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(4):257-260.
[21]左建军,李振春,孔庆丰,等.波动方程法井间地震成像[J].勘探地球物理进展,2005,28(3):212-214.
[22]何惺华.对井间地震反射波的分析[J].石油物探,2006,45(5):520-526.
[23]孔庆丰,左建军,魏国华.井间地震下行反射波成像方法初探[J].天然气工业,2007,27(增刊A):107-108.
[24]Chang W F.Reverse-time migration of offset vertical seismic pro-filing data using the excitation time imaging condition[J].Geophy-sics,1986,51(1):67-84.
[25]刘清林,骆毅.VSP资料的叠前波动方程逆时偏移[J].石油地球物理勘探,1989,24(3):281-289.
[26]陈可洋.基于高阶有限差分的波动方程叠前逆时偏移方法[J].石油物探,2009,48(5):475-478.
[27]Leveille J,Checkles S,Graves J.Reverse time migration of P-wave and C-wave data from a3D VSP over a deep subsalt prospect in the Gulf of Mexico[J].SEG Expanded Abstracts,2008,27:3355-3359.
[28]刘垒.井间地震纵波提取及反射波成像[D].北京:中国石油大学,2008.
[29]陈可洋,吴清岭,李来林,等.松辽盆地三维地震资料连片处理关键技术及其应用效果分析[J].岩性油气藏,2012,24(2):87-91.
[30]陈可洋.高精度地震纯波震源数值模拟[J].岩性油气藏,2012,24(1):84-91.
[31]陈可洋.地震波数值模拟中优化的通量校正传输方法[J].内陆地震,2012,26(2):169-179.
[32]陈可洋.两种叠前逆时成像条件的比较[J].油气藏评价与开发,2011,1(4):6-11.
[33]陈可洋.正演子波响应特征及逆时成像分析[J].石油物探,2011,50(5):455-462.
[34]陈可洋.各向异性弹性波高阶有限差分法叠前逆时深度偏移[J].油气地球物理,2011,9(3):24-28.
[35]陈可洋.多尺度随机孔洞介质地震波正演及其逆时成像[J].上海国土资源,2011,32(1):84-88.
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