摩擦时间依从的地震活动性细胞自动机模型
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摘要
设计了一个改进的单断层地震孕育过程细胞自动机（ＣＡ）模型，通过设计外界通过 施加应力与模型间进行的能量交换和模型的细胞之间存在的非线性力学作用，试图理解地震 活动特性的力学机制．与早期细胞自动机模型相比，改进了参数的取值方式，将摩擦时间依 从的理论引进模型，使该细胞自动机模型更接近实际的孕震系统．研究表明参数取值方式对 人工地震序列和各细胞破裂事件的非均匀时间特性有重要影响，较小震级和较大震级范围中 的事件分别遵从明显不同的累积频度一震级关系．
An improved cellular automation model (CA) was designed for seismic generating process in a single fault. Designing an energy exchange between the circumstance and the model by loading and considering nonlinear interaction among the cells of the model, we tried to understand the mechanism of seismic characteristics. Comparison of present results with the previous cellular automation models shows that the cellular automation model in this paper is much close to nature seismic generating system owing to the improvement of sampling and the introduction of time-dependent frictional mechanism. The results indicate that the sampling method is important for the temporal heterogeneous feature of the man-made catalog and each cells breaking, and that the events with small and large magnitude obey quite different magnitude-frequency relationship.
An improved cellular automation model (CA) was designed for seismic generating process in a single fault. Designing an energy exchange between the circumstance and the model by loading and considering nonlinear interaction among the cells of the model, we tried to understand the mechanism of seismic characteristics. Comparison of present results with the previous cellular automation models shows that the cellular automation model in this paper is much close to nature seismic generating system owing to the improvement of sampling and the introduction of time-dependent frictional mechanism. The results indicate that the sampling method is important for the temporal heterogeneous feature of the man-made catalog and each cells breaking, and that the events with small and large magnitude obey quite different magnitude-frequency relationship.
引文
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[11]高原,季颖,陈 细胞自动机的多重分形特征和动力学含义.西北地震学报,1995,17(4)61-69.GAO Yuan, JI Ying, CHEN Yong. Multifractal characteristics and dynamical sources of cellular automata.Northwestern Seismological Journal (in Chinese), 1995, (4):61-69.
[12]季颖,高原,陈 .模拟地震的弹簧滑块模型的混沌运动.东北地震学报,1995,11(1):1-6.JI Ying, GAO Yuan, CHEN Yong. Chaotic inchon of spring-blocks system for earthquake modeling.Seismological Research of Northeast China (In Chinese), 1995, 11(1): 1-6.
[13]中国地震局预测预防司编.大陆地震预报的方法和理论──中国“八五”地震预报研究进展.北京:地震出版 社,1998,523.Earthquake Prediction and Prevenhon Depatment of China Seismological Bureau. Method and Theory ofEarthquake Prediction in China Mainland: Developing Statement of Earthquake Prediction Study in Chinese"the Eighth Five" Projects (in Chinese). Beijing:Seismological Press, 1998, 523.
[14] Scholz C H. The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting. Cambridge University Press, 1990.
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[18] Scholz C H. Scaling relations for strong ground motion in large earthquakes. Bull. Seismol.Soc. Am.,1982, 72. 1903-1909.
[19] Gutenberg B, C F Richter.Earthquake magnitude, intensity, energy and acceleration. Bull. Seismol,Soc.Am., 1956, 46: 105-145.
[20] Kagan Y Y, Jackson D D. Long-term earthquake clustering. Geophys. J Int., 1991, 104: 117-133.
[21] Scholz C H, Aviles C. The fractal geometry of faults and faulting. In earthquake Source Mechanics. AGUGeophys. Mono. 37, ed. S. Das, J. Goatwright, C Scholz. Washington D C: American Geophysical Union,1986, 147-155.
[22] Aki N Magnitude-frequency relation for small earthquakes: A clue for the origin of fmax of largeearthquakes.J. Geophys. Res., 1987, 92: 1349-1355.
[23] Thatcher W. Order and diversity in the modes of Circum-Pacific earthquake recurrence. J. Geophy.Res.,1990, 95:2609.
[24] Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities. Seismic hazards in Southern California: probableearthquakes. Bull. Seis.Soc.Am., 1995, 85:379-439.
[2] Bak P, C Tang, K Wiesenfeld. Self-organized criticality and explanation of I/f noise. Phys. Rev. Letter,1987, 59: 381-384.
[3] Bak P, C Tang, K Wiesenfeld. Self-organized criticality. Phys. Rev. Letter,1988, 38:364-374.
[4]李幼铭,胡健行细胞自动机在地震波传播研究中的应用.地球物理学报,1995,38(5)651-660.LI You-Ming, HU Jian-Xing. Application of cellular automata approach to the study of seismic wavepropagation. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 1995, 38(5):651-660.
[5]胡健行,李幼铭.模拟固体中波动过程的细胞自动机建模研究地球物理学报,1997,40(1) 120-126.HU Jian-Xing, LI You-Ming. Modeling research for simulating seismic wave propagation in solid bycellular automata. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 1997, 40(1). 120-126.
[6] Bak P, Kan Chen. Self-organized Criticality. Scientific American, 1991, 264(1):26-33.
[7]陆远忠,吕悦军,郑月君.强震孕育后期地震活动演化的定量表征.中国地震, 1994, 10(增刊) 12-17LU Yuan-Zhong, LU Yue-Jun, ZHENG Yue-Jun. Quantitative description of seismic evolution in the LaterStage of Strong earthquake preparation. Earthquake Research in China (in Chinese), 1994,10(suppl.):33-38.
[8]刘桂萍,石耀霖,马丽.地震活动的细胞自动机模型.西北地震学报,1995,17(2):20-25。LIU Gui-Ping, SHI Yao-Lin, MA Li. A cellular automation model of seismicity. Northwestern Seismological Journal (in Chinese), 1995, 17(2):20-25.
[9]朱元清,石耀霖.地震活动性研究中的非线性动力学模型.地球物理学报, 1991,34(1):20-31.ZHU Yuan-Qing, SHU Yao-Lin. Nonlinear dynamic modeling in seismicity analysis. Chinese J. Geophys.(in Chinese), 1991, 34(1): 20-31.
[10]高原,刘昭军.随机性细胞自动机的地震模拟的动力学含义.中国地震,1995,11(1):8-14GAO Yuan, LIU Zhao-Jun. Dynamic Implication of earthquake modeling using stochastic cellular automata.Earthquake Research in China (in Chinese), 1995, 11(1):8-14.
[11]高原,季颖,陈 细胞自动机的多重分形特征和动力学含义.西北地震学报,1995,17(4)61-69.GAO Yuan, JI Ying, CHEN Yong. Multifractal characteristics and dynamical sources of cellular automata.Northwestern Seismological Journal (in Chinese), 1995, (4):61-69.
[12]季颖,高原,陈 .模拟地震的弹簧滑块模型的混沌运动.东北地震学报,1995,11(1):1-6.JI Ying, GAO Yuan, CHEN Yong. Chaotic inchon of spring-blocks system for earthquake modeling.Seismological Research of Northeast China (In Chinese), 1995, 11(1): 1-6.
[13]中国地震局预测预防司编.大陆地震预报的方法和理论──中国“八五”地震预报研究进展.北京:地震出版 社,1998,523.Earthquake Prediction and Prevenhon Depatment of China Seismological Bureau. Method and Theory ofEarthquake Prediction in China Mainland: Developing Statement of Earthquake Prediction Study in Chinese"the Eighth Five" Projects (in Chinese). Beijing:Seismological Press, 1998, 523.
[14] Scholz C H. The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting. Cambridge University Press, 1990.
[15] Dieterich,Time-dependent friction and the mechanics stick-slip. PAGEOPIJ, 1978, 116:4-5.
[16] Jaeger J C, Cook N G. Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics. London: Chapman and Hall, 1976, 56.
[17] Byeriee J D. Frichon of rock. PAGEOPH,1978, 116;615-626.
[18] Scholz C H. Scaling relations for strong ground motion in large earthquakes. Bull. Seismol.Soc. Am.,1982, 72. 1903-1909.
[19] Gutenberg B, C F Richter.Earthquake magnitude, intensity, energy and acceleration. Bull. Seismol,Soc.Am., 1956, 46: 105-145.
[20] Kagan Y Y, Jackson D D. Long-term earthquake clustering. Geophys. J Int., 1991, 104: 117-133.
[21] Scholz C H, Aviles C. The fractal geometry of faults and faulting. In earthquake Source Mechanics. AGUGeophys. Mono. 37, ed. S. Das, J. Goatwright, C Scholz. Washington D C: American Geophysical Union,1986, 147-155.
[22] Aki N Magnitude-frequency relation for small earthquakes: A clue for the origin of fmax of largeearthquakes.J. Geophys. Res., 1987, 92: 1349-1355.
[23] Thatcher W. Order and diversity in the modes of Circum-Pacific earthquake recurrence. J. Geophy.Res.,1990, 95:2609.
[24] Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities. Seismic hazards in Southern California: probableearthquakes. Bull. Seis.Soc.Am., 1995, 85:379-439.
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