事件地层单位的理论及实践——以中扬子台地震旦—寒武纪界线事件集群为例
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摘要
根据事件地层学的发展现状,首次提出了一套系统的事件地层单位,由小到大大致上为事件面、事件层、事件带、事件组合和事件集群,并界定了各事件地层单位的含义和特征。在此基础上,将该套事件地层理论应用于中扬子台地震旦—寒武系界线事件地层的研究,并划分出2个事件面即生物灭绝事件面和海泛事件面,1个事件层即粘土事件层,4个事件带即海平面下降事件带、浊流事件带以及海平面上升事件带和缺氧事件带,3个事件组合即海平面下降—浊流事件组合、外星撞击—生物灭绝事件组合和海平面上升—缺氧事件组合,共同构成了1个事件集群即震旦—寒武系界线事件集群。事件地层含油性分析表明,研究区海平面上升—缺氧事件组合是有利的烃源岩,海平面下降—浊流事件组合具有一定的储集意义。
Based on the development of event stratigraphy,this paper firstly suggests a series of event stratigraphic units which contain Event Surface,Event Bed,Event Zone,Event Association and Event Gathering and their meaning and characteristics have been determined.New event stratigraphic units are applied in the research of Event Group across the Sinian-Cambrian Boundary of Middle Yangtze Platform.The studies suggest that there are two Event Surfaces,i.e.biomass extinction and flooding Event Surfaces,one Event Bed,namely clay Event Bed,four Event Zones,i.e.sea-level dropping,turbidity,sea-level rising and anoxic Event Zone,three Event Associations,namely sea-level dropping-turbidity,extraterrestrial impacting-biomass extinction and sea-level rising-anoxic Event Association across the Boundary.They form an Event Gathering.The oil-bearing analysis of Event Strata indicates that sea-level rising-anoxic Event Association is favorable to producing oil,while the sea-level dropping-turbidity Event Association may be favorable to reserving oil and gas.
Based on the development of event stratigraphy,this paper firstly suggests a series of event stratigraphic units which contain Event Surface,Event Bed,Event Zone,Event Association and Event Gathering and their meaning and characteristics have been determined.New event stratigraphic units are applied in the research of Event Group across the Sinian-Cambrian Boundary of Middle Yangtze Platform.The studies suggest that there are two Event Surfaces,i.e.biomass extinction and flooding Event Surfaces,one Event Bed,namely clay Event Bed,four Event Zones,i.e.sea-level dropping,turbidity,sea-level rising and anoxic Event Zone,three Event Associations,namely sea-level dropping-turbidity,extraterrestrial impacting-biomass extinction and sea-level rising-anoxic Event Association across the Boundary.They form an Event Gathering.The oil-bearing analysis of Event Strata indicates that sea-level rising-anoxic Event Association is favorable to producing oil,while the sea-level dropping-turbidity Event Association may be favorable to reserving oil and gas.
引文
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[3]Alvarez L W.Extraterrestrial cause for the Cretaceous-Tertiaryboundary extinction[J].Science,1980,208:1 095-1 108.
[4]Wu Ruitang,Zhang Shouxin,eds.Modern Stratigraphy[M].Wu-han:China University of Geoscience Press,1989:131-146.[吴瑞棠,张守信编著.现代地层学[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1989:131-146.]
[5]Kauffman E G.Concepts and methods of high-resolution event stra-tigraphy[J].Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,1988,16:605-654.
[6]Pu Xinchun,Zhou Haoda,Wang Xilin,et al,eds.Cambrian Litho-facies Paleogeography and Mineralization in South China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1993:40-54.[蒲心纯,周浩达,王熙林,等著.中国南方寒武纪岩相古地理与成矿作用[M].北京:地质出版社,1993:40-54.]
[7]Ding Weiming,Qian Yi.Late Sinian to early Cambrian small shell-y fossils from Yangjiaping,Shimen,Huanan[J].Acta Micropalae-ontologica Sinica,1988,5(1):39-55.[丁伟明,钱逸.湖南石门杨家坪晚震旦世至早寒武世小壳化石[J].微体古生物学报,1988,5(1):39-55.]
[8]Xu Jinghua,Sun Shu,Krahenbuhl U,et al.Strangelove ocean be-fore the Cambrian explosion[J].Chinese Journal ofGeology,1986,(1):1-6.[许靖华,孙枢,克雷恩比U,等.寒武纪生物爆发前的死劫难海洋[J].地质科学,1986,(1):1-6]
[9]Wang Xiaofeng,Xiang Liwen,Ni Shizhao,et al,eds.Biostratigra-phy of the Yangtze Gorge Area—Early Palaeozoic Era[M].Bei-jing:Geological Publishing House,1987:6-36.[汪啸风,项礼文,倪世钊,等主编.长江三峡生物地层学———早古生代分册[M].北京:地质出版社,1987:6-36]
[10]Xu Daoyi,Zhang Qinwen,Sun Yiyin.Biomasss extinction—Afundamental indicator for major natural divisions of geologicalhistory[J].Acta Geological Sinica,1987,61(3):195-203.[徐道一,张勤文,孙亦因.古生物大量绝灭———地质历史发展阶段划分的基本标志[J].地质学报,1987,61(3):195-203.]
[11]Xiao Chuantao,Wu Jianhui,Hu Mingyi,et al.Cambrian Se-quence-stratigraphy in the Yangjiaping District of NorthwesternHunan[J].Journal ofStratigraphy,1998,22(2):94-101.[肖传桃,吴健辉,胡明毅,等.湘西北杨家坪寒武纪层序地层[J].地层学杂志,1998,22(2):94-101.]
[12]Xiao Chuantao,Jiang Yanwen,Zhu Zhongde,et al.Early cam-brian ecostratigraphy and palaeobiogeography of the Jianghan Ba-sin[J].Geological Review,1995,41(1):82-91.[肖传桃,姜衍文,朱忠德,等.江汉盆地早寒武世生态地层及生物古地理特征[J].地质论评,1995,41(1):82-91.]
[13]Fan Delian,Ye Jie,Yang Ruiying,et al.Huang Zhongxiang.Thegeological events and ore mineralization nearby the precambrian-Cambrian boundary in Yangtze platform.[J].Acta Sedimentologi-ca Sinica,1987,5(3):81-92.[范德廉,叶杰,杨瑞英,等.扬子地台前寒武寒武纪界线附近的地质事件与成矿作用[J].沉积学报,1987,5(3):81-92.]
[14]Guo Chengxian,Zhu Zhongde,Hu Mingyi,et al.Sedimentary en-vironments of early Cambrian at Yangjiaping,Shimen[J].Oil&Gas Geology,1993,14(4):326-330.[郭成贤,朱忠德,胡明毅,等.石门杨家坪早寒武世沉积环境[J].石油与天然气地质,1993,14(4):326-330.]
[15]Zhu Zhongde,Hu Mingyi,Xiao Chuantao,et al.Study on Oil Ge-ology of Upper Sinian-Ordovician in Southern Hubei and North-western Hunan[M].Beijing:The Geological Publishing House,1995:94-103.[朱忠德,胡明毅,肖传桃,等著.鄂西南湘西北地区上震旦统至奥陶系石油地质研究[M].北京:地质出版社,1995:94-103.]
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