遥感-岩石力学(III)——交汇断层粘滑的热红外辐射与声发射规律及其构造地震前兆意义
摘要
以构造地震孕震机制之三即交汇断层粘滑发震为模拟对象,利用双轴加载实验系统和红外热像仪对自然界经常出现的断层组合模式——不同交汇角度的组合断层的物理模型进行了室内加载实验,利用红外热像仪和声发射仪分别测定了加载过程中试样表面的红外辐射及断层活动的声发射时间序列。结果表明:(1) 声发射及红外辐射的时间序列特征受加载过程中试样的力学行为所控制,并表现出阶段性变化特点;(2) 声发射与红外辐射特征与断层几何结构有密切关系,当主应力与主断层成45°角时,红外辐射异常区主要沿主断层发育;(3) 垂直交汇的断层与斜交断层的声发射及红外辐射特征有明显差异,交汇角度(1°～90°)越大,交汇点处的红外辐射异常越明显。
The friction sliding of intersected faults is the third mechanism of tectonic earthquake. By use of biaxial loading system,thermal infrared (TIR) imaging system and acoustic emission (AE) devices, the TIR radiation and AE features of three kinds of intersected faults at different intersection angle were experimentally studied in the process of bi-sheared friction sliding. It is revealed that (1) the temporal sequential features of the AE and TIR radiation in the process of loading are controlled by fault behavior,and they show staged characteristics,(2) the features of AE and TIR radiation are tightly related to the geometrical structure of the intersected faults,and the abnormal TIR spots usually occur along the chief fault in condition that the principal stress is 45°in angle to the direction of the chief fault,and (3) the features of AE and TIR radiation from vertically intersected and slanting intersected faults are different,and the higher the intersection angle is,the stronger the TIR radiation is at the location of intersection point.
The friction sliding of intersected faults is the third mechanism of tectonic earthquake. By use of biaxial loading system,thermal infrared (TIR) imaging system and acoustic emission (AE) devices, the TIR radiation and AE features of three kinds of intersected faults at different intersection angle were experimentally studied in the process of bi-sheared friction sliding. It is revealed that (1) the temporal sequential features of the AE and TIR radiation in the process of loading are controlled by fault behavior,and they show staged characteristics,(2) the features of AE and TIR radiation are tightly related to the geometrical structure of the intersected faults,and the abnormal TIR spots usually occur along the chief fault in condition that the principal stress is 45°in angle to the direction of the chief fault,and (3) the features of AE and TIR radiation from vertically intersected and slanting intersected faults are different,and the higher the intersection angle is,the stronger the TIR radiation is at the location of intersection point.
引文
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2QiangZ J,DianC G,LiL Z,et al.Satellite thermalIR increase temperature anomalous field with imminent and short-term prediction before earthquake[A].In:Proc. ofIEAS'97&IWGIS'97[C].Beijing:[s. n.],1997,3:1266～1270
3刘德富,罗灼礼,彭克银.强烈地震前的OLR异常现象[J].地震,1997,17(2):126～132
4LiuD F,PengK Y,LiuW H,et al.There are thermal precursors for earthquake[J].ACTA SeismologicaSINICA,1999,21(6):652～656
5CuiC Y,ZhangJ K,XiaoQ,et al.Monitoring the thermalIR anomaly ofZhangbei earthquake precursor by satellite remote sensing technique[A].In:Proc.20thAsiaRS Congress[C].HongKong:[s. n.],1999,1179～1184
6马瑾,单新建.利用遥感技术研究断层现今活动的探索[J].地震地质,2000 a,22(3):210～215
7徐秀登,徐向民,马升灯等.电场作用与大气增温效应的再试验[J].西北地震学报,1997,19(1):27～31
8强祖基,孔令昌,郭满红等.卫星热红外增温机制的实验研究[J].地震学报,1997 b,19(2):197～201
9耿乃光,于萍,邓明德等.热红外震兆成因的模拟实验研究[J].地震,1998,18(1):83～88
10强祖基,赁常恭,徐秀登.地球放气、热红外异常与地震活动[J].科学通报,1992,24:2259～2262
11TroninA A.Satellite thermal survey:a new tool for the study of seismoactive regions[J].Int.J.RemoteSensing,1996,17(8):1439～1455
12崔承禹,邓明德,耿乃光.在不同压力下岩石光谱辐射特性研究[J].科学通报,1993,38(6):538～541
13邓明德,崔承禹,耿乃光.遥感用于地震预报的理论及实验结果[J].中国地震,1993,9(2):163～169
14WuL X,WangJ Z.Features of infrared thermal image and radiation temperature of coal rocks loaded[J].Science inChina,1998,41(2):158～164
15WuL X,LiuS J,WuY H,et al.Changes inIR with rock deformation[J].Int.J.RockMech.&Min.Sci.,2002,39(6):825～831
16刘善军,吴立新,吴焕萍等.多暗色矿物类岩石单轴加载过程中红外辐射定量研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(11):1585～1589
17马瑾.从断层中心论向块体中心论转变[J].地学前缘,1999,6(4):363～370
18张四昌,徐杰.1976年龙陵地震地质特怔的探讨[J].地震研究,1978,1(3):44～54
19张四昌.中国大陆共轭地震构造研究[J].中国地震,1991,7(2):69～76
20高又学,马瑾.首都圈地震地质环境与地震灾害[M].北京:地震出版社,1993
21马瑾,马胜利,刘力强等.交叉断层的交替活动与块体运动的实验研究[J].地震地质,2000 b,21(1):65～73
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