2008年于田M_S 7.3地震地表破裂带特征及其构造属性讨论
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摘要
新疆于田MS7.3地震发生在西昆仑块体与昆仑-柴达木-祁连块体之间的阿尔金断裂西南端NE向张剪切段邻近区域,也是阿尔金断裂、康西瓦断裂和昆仑断裂带西端玛尔盖茶卡断裂等交会部位,对理解青藏高原的变形及其动力学演化过程具有十分重要的作用。高分辨率卫星影像解译和野外考察表明,于田地震在阿什库勒火山群南部玉龙喀什河源头近SN向雪山西麓断裂上形成了由不同走向、不同滑动性质的地表破裂组合而成的地震地表破裂带,整体呈NS—NNE向展布,全长约31km。在地表破裂带测量到的最大左旋走滑位移1.8m,最大垂直位移约2.0m,发震断层应归属到阿尔金断裂西南尾端的张性区构造,符合昆仑-柴达木-祁连块体与西昆仑块体向东滑移在其与西昆仑块体之间的张剪切边界力学性质,显示出昆仑-柴达木-祁连块体存在向东滑移的现象。
High-resolution satellite image interpretation and field investigation indicate that the surface rupture zone produced by the Yutian MS7.3 earthquake is～25km long along a NS-trending fault at the western piedmont of a snow-covered range at the upper reach of the Yurungongkash River,about 20km south of the Ashikule Volcanoes.The surface rupture zone consists of different striking ruptures with both normal and left-lateral faulting components.The maximum left-lateral and vertical co-seismic slips measured in the field are～1.8m and～2.0m,respectively.Its seismogenic NS-trending fault belongs to the secondary structure at the NE-trending tensile area of the southwestern end of the Altyn Tagh Fault,which conforms to the eastward escape of the Kunlun-Qaidamu-Qilian block,relative to the Western Kunlun block.
High-resolution satellite image interpretation and field investigation indicate that the surface rupture zone produced by the Yutian MS7.3 earthquake is～25km long along a NS-trending fault at the western piedmont of a snow-covered range at the upper reach of the Yurungongkash River,about 20km south of the Ashikule Volcanoes.The surface rupture zone consists of different striking ruptures with both normal and left-lateral faulting components.The maximum left-lateral and vertical co-seismic slips measured in the field are～1.8m and～2.0m,respectively.Its seismogenic NS-trending fault belongs to the secondary structure at the NE-trending tensile area of the southwestern end of the Altyn Tagh Fault,which conforms to the eastward escape of the Kunlun-Qaidamu-Qilian block,relative to the Western Kunlun block.
引文
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于贵华,徐锡伟,陈桂华,等.2009.汶川MS8.0级地震地表变形局部化样式与建筑物破坏特征关系初步研究[J].地球物理学报,52(12):3027—3041.YU Gui-hua,XU Xi-wei,CHEN Gui-hua,et al.2009.Relationship between the localization of earthquake surface ruptures and building damages associated with the Wenchuan MS8.0earthquake[J].Chinese J Geophys,52(12):3027—3041(in Chinese).
尹光华,蒋靖祥,吴国栋.2008.2008年3月21日于田7.4级地震的构造背景[J].干旱区地理,31(4):543—549.YIN Guang-hua,JIANG Jing-xiang,WU Guo-dong.2008.Tectonic background of the MS7.4earthquake at Yutian onMarch21,2008[J].Arid Land Geography,31(4):543—549(in Chinese).
祝意青,徐云马,梁伟锋.2008.2008年新疆于田MS7.3地震的中期预测[J].大地测量与地球动力学,28(5):13—15.ZHU Yi-qing,XU Yun-ma,LIANG Wei-feng.2008.Medium-term prediction of Yutian,Xinjiang MS7.3earthquake in2008[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,28(5):13—15(in Chinese).
Cowgill E,Gold R D,Chen Xuanhua,et al.2009.Low Quaternary slip rate reconciles geodetic and geologic rates alongthe Altyn Tagh Fault,northwestern Tibet[J].Geology,37(7):647—650.
Peltzer G,Crampe F,King G.1999.Evidence of nonlinear elasticity of the crust from the MW7.6Manyi(Tibet)Earthquake[J].Science,286:272—276.
Tapponnier P,Xu Z,Roger F,et al.2001.Oblique stepwise rise and growth of the Tibet Plateau[J].Science,74—76.doi:10.1126/science.282.5386.74.
Xu X W,Chen W,Ma W,et al.2002.Surface rupture of the Kunlunshan earthquake(MS8.1),northern Tibetan Plateau,China[J].Seismological Research Letters,73(6):884—892.
Xu Xiwei,Yu Guihua,Klinger Y,et al.2006.Re-evaluation of surface rupture parameters and faulting segmentation ofthe2001Kunlunshan earthquake(MW7.8),Northern Tibetan Plateau,China[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,111:B05316.doi:10.1029/2004JB003488.
Xu X,Wen X,Yu G,et al.2009.Co-seismic reverse-and oblique-slip surface faulting generated by the2008MW7.9Wenchuan earthquake,China[J].Geology,37(6):515—518.
Xu X,Yeats R S,Yu G.2010.Five short historical earthquake surface ruptures near the Silk Road,Gansu Province,China[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,100(2):541—561.doi:10.1785/0120080282.
Yu G,Xu X,Klinger Y.et al.2010.Fault-scarp features and cascading-rupture model for the MW7.9Wenchuan earthquake,eastern Tibetan plateau,China[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,100(5B):2590—2614.
Zhou Q,Xu X,Yu G.et al.2010.Width distribution of the surface ruptures associated with the Wenchuan earthquake:Implication for the setback zone of the seismogenic faults in post-quake reconstruction[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,100(5B):2660—2668.
付碧宏,张松林,谢小平,等.2006.阿尔金断裂系西段——康西瓦断裂的晚第四纪构造地貌特征研究[J].第四纪研究,26(2):228—235.FU Bi-hong,ZHANG Song-lin,XIE Xiao-ping,et al.2006.Late Quaternary tectono-geomorphic features along theKangxiwar Fault,Altyn Tagh Fault system,northern Tibet[J].Quaternary Sciences,26(2):228—235(in Chinese).
洪顺英,申旭辉,单新建,等.2010.基于升降轨ASAR的于田MS7.3级地震同震形变场信息提取与分析[J].国土资源遥感,87(4):98—102.HONG Shun-ying,SHEN Xu-hui,SHAN Xin-jian,et al.2010.The calculation and analysis of the co-seismic deformation field of Yutian MS7.3earthquake basing on the ascending and descending orbit ASAR date[J].RemoteSensing for Land&Resources,87(4):98—102(in Chinese).
李志海,马宏生,曲延军.2009.2008年3月21日新疆于田7.3级地震发震构造与震前地震活动特征研究[J].中国地震,25(2):199—205.LI Zhi-hai,MA Hong-sheng,QU Yan-jun.2009.Study on seismogenic structure and seismic activity characteristics before the Yutian M7.3earthquake on March21,2008,Xinjiang[J].Earthquake Research in China,25(2):199—205(in Chinese).
唐明帅,王海涛,段天山.2010.利用和田地震台阵数据对2008年于田7.3级地震序列重新定位[J].内陆地震,24(3):227—235.TANG Ming-shuai,WANG Hai-tao,DUAN Tian-shan.2010.Relocating the seismic sequence of Yutian MS7.3earthquake in2008using the data of Xinjiang Hetian Seismic Array[J].Inland Earthquake,24(3):227—235(inChinese.)
万永革,沈正康,盛书中,等.2010.2008年新疆于田7.3级地震对周围断层的影响及其正断层机制的区域构造解释[J].地球物理学报,53(2):280—289.WAN Yong-ge,SHEN Zheng-kang,SHENG Shu-zhong,et al.2010.The mechanical effects of the2008MS7.3Yutian,Xinjiang earthquake on the neighboring faults and its tectonic origin of normal faulting mechanism[J].Chinese JGeophys,53(2):280—289(in Chinese).
汪驰升,单新建,张国宏,等.2009.基于ASAR升降轨数据解算于田MS7.3地震3D同震形变场[J].地震,29(增刊):105—112.WANG Chi-sheng,SHAN Xin-jian,ZHANG Guo-hong,et al.2009.3D coseismic deformation field of the Yutian MS7.3earthquake calculated from ASAR ascending and descending data[J].Earthquake,29(Suppl):105—112(inChinese).
王峰,徐锡伟,郑荣章,等.2004.阿尔金断裂带西段车尔臣河以西晚第四纪以来的滑动速率研究[J].地震地质,26(2):200—108.WANG Feng,XU Xi-wei,ZHENG Rong-zhang,et al.2004.Late Quaternary slip-rate on the Altun Fault west to the Qarqan River[J].Seismology and Geology,26(2):200—208(in Chinese).
徐锡伟.2000.藏北玛尼地震科学考察[A].见:中国地震年鉴.北京:地震出版社.XU Xi-wei.2000.Scientific Investigation of Mani Earthquake in North Tibet[A].In:Yearbook of China EarthquakeResearch.Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
徐锡伟,Tapponnier P,Woerd J V D,et al.2003.阿尔金断裂带晚第四纪左旋走滑速率及其构造运动转换模型讨论[J].中国科学(D辑),33(10):967—974.XU Xi-wei,Tapponnier P,Woerd J V D,et al.2005.Late Quaternary sinistral slip rate along the Altyn Tagh Fault andits structural transformation model[J].Science in China(Ser D),48(3):384—397.
徐锡伟,于贵华,马文涛,等.2008.昆仑山地震(MW7.8)破裂行为、变形局部化特征及其构造内涵讨论[J].中国科学(D辑):38(7):785—796.XU Xi-wei,YU Gui-hua,MA Wen-tao,et al.2008.Rupture behavior and deformation localization of the Kunlunshanearthquake(MW7.8)and their tectonic implications[J].Science China(Ser D),51(10):1361—1374.
于贵华,徐锡伟,陈桂华,等.2009.汶川MS8.0级地震地表变形局部化样式与建筑物破坏特征关系初步研究[J].地球物理学报,52(12):3027—3041.YU Gui-hua,XU Xi-wei,CHEN Gui-hua,et al.2009.Relationship between the localization of earthquake surface ruptures and building damages associated with the Wenchuan MS8.0earthquake[J].Chinese J Geophys,52(12):3027—3041(in Chinese).
尹光华,蒋靖祥,吴国栋.2008.2008年3月21日于田7.4级地震的构造背景[J].干旱区地理,31(4):543—549.YIN Guang-hua,JIANG Jing-xiang,WU Guo-dong.2008.Tectonic background of the MS7.4earthquake at Yutian onMarch21,2008[J].Arid Land Geography,31(4):543—549(in Chinese).
祝意青,徐云马,梁伟锋.2008.2008年新疆于田MS7.3地震的中期预测[J].大地测量与地球动力学,28(5):13—15.ZHU Yi-qing,XU Yun-ma,LIANG Wei-feng.2008.Medium-term prediction of Yutian,Xinjiang MS7.3earthquake in2008[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,28(5):13—15(in Chinese).
Cowgill E,Gold R D,Chen Xuanhua,et al.2009.Low Quaternary slip rate reconciles geodetic and geologic rates alongthe Altyn Tagh Fault,northwestern Tibet[J].Geology,37(7):647—650.
Peltzer G,Crampe F,King G.1999.Evidence of nonlinear elasticity of the crust from the MW7.6Manyi(Tibet)Earthquake[J].Science,286:272—276.
Tapponnier P,Xu Z,Roger F,et al.2001.Oblique stepwise rise and growth of the Tibet Plateau[J].Science,74—76.doi:10.1126/science.282.5386.74.
Xu X W,Chen W,Ma W,et al.2002.Surface rupture of the Kunlunshan earthquake(MS8.1),northern Tibetan Plateau,China[J].Seismological Research Letters,73(6):884—892.
Xu Xiwei,Yu Guihua,Klinger Y,et al.2006.Re-evaluation of surface rupture parameters and faulting segmentation ofthe2001Kunlunshan earthquake(MW7.8),Northern Tibetan Plateau,China[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,111:B05316.doi:10.1029/2004JB003488.
Xu X,Wen X,Yu G,et al.2009.Co-seismic reverse-and oblique-slip surface faulting generated by the2008MW7.9Wenchuan earthquake,China[J].Geology,37(6):515—518.
Xu X,Yeats R S,Yu G.2010.Five short historical earthquake surface ruptures near the Silk Road,Gansu Province,China[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,100(2):541—561.doi:10.1785/0120080282.
Yu G,Xu X,Klinger Y.et al.2010.Fault-scarp features and cascading-rupture model for the MW7.9Wenchuan earthquake,eastern Tibetan plateau,China[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,100(5B):2590—2614.
Zhou Q,Xu X,Yu G.et al.2010.Width distribution of the surface ruptures associated with the Wenchuan earthquake:Implication for the setback zone of the seismogenic faults in post-quake reconstruction[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,100(5B):2660—2668.
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