考虑多种因素影响的海上地震勘探气枪震源单枪子波数值模拟(英文)
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摘要
在分析Ziolkowski气泡振动模型局限性的基础上,建立了多种实际因素影响下的海上地震勘探单枪子波模型。此模型考虑了气泡壁的热传导作用、枪口节流作用、气泡上浮、液体粘度和枪体本身等对气枪子波的影响。相对于Ziolkowski模型,改进模型所模拟的气枪子波主峰值减小,气泡振动衰减加快,与实测子波吻合性较好。实验分析表明:(1)枪口节流作用控制着气枪脉冲峰值振幅的大小,(2)上浮过程中气泡周围静水压力值减小,气泡振动的周期随之改变,(3)热传导作用和流体粘度是引起气泡振动衰减的主要因素。
Based on analyzing the limit of Ziolkowski's bubble oscillation formulation,a new model with various physical factors is established to simulate air gun signatures fo marine seismic exploration.The practical effects of physical factors,such as heat transfe across the bubble wall,air gun port throttling,vertical rise of the bubble,fluid viscosity,and the existence of the air gun body were all taken into account in the new model.Compared with Ziolkowski's model,the signatures simulated by the new model,with small peak amplitude and rapid decay of bubble oscillation,are more consistent with actual signatures The experiment analysis indicates:(1)gun port throttling controls the peak amplitude of ai gun pulse;(2)since the hydrostatic pressure decreases when the bubble rises,the bubble oscillation period changes;(3)heat transfer and fluid viscosity are the main factors tha explain the bubble oscillation damping.
Based on analyzing the limit of Ziolkowski's bubble oscillation formulation,a new model with various physical factors is established to simulate air gun signatures fo marine seismic exploration.The practical effects of physical factors,such as heat transfe across the bubble wall,air gun port throttling,vertical rise of the bubble,fluid viscosity,and the existence of the air gun body were all taken into account in the new model.Compared with Ziolkowski's model,the signatures simulated by the new model,with small peak amplitude and rapid decay of bubble oscillation,are more consistent with actual signatures The experiment analysis indicates:(1)gun port throttling controls the peak amplitude of ai gun pulse;(2)since the hydrostatic pressure decreases when the bubble rises,the bubble oscillation period changes;(3)heat transfer and fluid viscosity are the main factors tha explain the bubble oscillation damping.
引文
Chen,H.L.,and Ni,C.Z.,2008,Simulation and application of far-field wavelet for air gun array:Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),43(6),623-625.
Chen,H.L.,Quan,H.Y.,Chen,H.L.,Quan,H.Y.,Yu,G.P.,Li,W.D.,and Liu,Y.Y.,2008,Summary of air gun source theory and technology:Equipment for Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),18(4),211-217.
Fricke,J.R.,and Davis,J.M.,1985,A standard quantitative calibration procedure for marine seismic source:Geophysics,50(1),1525-1532.
Gilmore,F.R.,1952,Collapse of a spherical bubble:Hydrodynamics Laboratory,California Institute of Technology,Report No.26,4.
Johnson,D.T.,1994,Understanding air-gun bubble behavior:Geophysics,59(11),1729-1734.
Keller,J.B.,and Kolodner,I.I.,1956,Damping of underwater explosion bubble oscillations:Jour.Applied Physics,27(10),1152-1161.
Landro,M.,1992,Modeling of GI gun signatures:Geophysics Prospecting,40,721-747.
Langhammer,M.L.,1993,Experimental study of viscosity effects on air gun signatures:Geophysics,58(12),1801-1808.
Laws,R.M.,Hatton,L.,and Haartsen,M.,1990,Computermodeling of clustered air guns:First Break,18(9),331-338.
Liu,B.,2005,Numerical simulation of air-gun array and its application:Ma.D.Thesis,Ocean University of China.
Prospereti,A.,1984,Bubble phenomena in sound fields:Ultrasonic,22,39-77.
Schulze-Gattermann,R.,1972,Physical aspects of the“airpulser”as a seismic energy source:Geophysical Prospecting,20,155-192.
Ziolkowski,A.,1970,A method for calculating the output pressure waveform from an air-gun:Geophys.J.R.Astr.Soc.,21,137-161.
Ziolkowski,A.,.Parks,G.,Hatton L.,and Haugland,T.,1982,The signature of an air-gun array:Computation from near-field measurements including interactions:Geophysics,47(10),1413-1421.
Ziolkowski,A.,1984,An air gun model which include heat transfer and bubble interaction:Geophysics,59(11),187-189.
Ziolkowski,A.,1998,Measurement of air-gun bubble oscillations:Geophysics,63(6),2009-2024.
Chen,H.L.,Quan,H.Y.,Chen,H.L.,Quan,H.Y.,Yu,G.P.,Li,W.D.,and Liu,Y.Y.,2008,Summary of air gun source theory and technology:Equipment for Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),18(4),211-217.
Fricke,J.R.,and Davis,J.M.,1985,A standard quantitative calibration procedure for marine seismic source:Geophysics,50(1),1525-1532.
Gilmore,F.R.,1952,Collapse of a spherical bubble:Hydrodynamics Laboratory,California Institute of Technology,Report No.26,4.
Johnson,D.T.,1994,Understanding air-gun bubble behavior:Geophysics,59(11),1729-1734.
Keller,J.B.,and Kolodner,I.I.,1956,Damping of underwater explosion bubble oscillations:Jour.Applied Physics,27(10),1152-1161.
Landro,M.,1992,Modeling of GI gun signatures:Geophysics Prospecting,40,721-747.
Langhammer,M.L.,1993,Experimental study of viscosity effects on air gun signatures:Geophysics,58(12),1801-1808.
Laws,R.M.,Hatton,L.,and Haartsen,M.,1990,Computermodeling of clustered air guns:First Break,18(9),331-338.
Liu,B.,2005,Numerical simulation of air-gun array and its application:Ma.D.Thesis,Ocean University of China.
Prospereti,A.,1984,Bubble phenomena in sound fields:Ultrasonic,22,39-77.
Schulze-Gattermann,R.,1972,Physical aspects of the“airpulser”as a seismic energy source:Geophysical Prospecting,20,155-192.
Ziolkowski,A.,1970,A method for calculating the output pressure waveform from an air-gun:Geophys.J.R.Astr.Soc.,21,137-161.
Ziolkowski,A.,.Parks,G.,Hatton L.,and Haugland,T.,1982,The signature of an air-gun array:Computation from near-field measurements including interactions:Geophysics,47(10),1413-1421.
Ziolkowski,A.,1984,An air gun model which include heat transfer and bubble interaction:Geophysics,59(11),187-189.
Ziolkowski,A.,1998,Measurement of air-gun bubble oscillations:Geophysics,63(6),2009-2024.
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