龙门山断裂带西南段4.20芦山7.0级地震区的深部结构和孕震环境
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摘要
2008年汶川Mw7.9级地震后,于2009～2011年间,穿过汶川地震所在的龙门山断裂带中段和2013年芦山7.0级地震所在的龙门山断裂带西南段,沿两条剖面开展了大地电磁观测,使用相位张量和二维反演等多种先进的分析解释方法,获得了两条剖面的可信度高的二维电性结构.通过对龙门山西南段和芦山地震区深部结构的深入研究发现,它们与龙门山断裂带中段及汶川地震区深部结构既有相同之处,也有明显差别.西南段西侧松潘-甘孜地块上地壳高阻层下约10km深度出现地壳高导层(HCL),比中段的深度小.西南段自地表到上地幔顶部也存在龙门山高阻体(HRB),但是龙门山高阻体规模比中段的小,其内既没有与西侧地壳高导层相通的低阻层,也没有像汶川地震区那样在龙门山高阻体内部震源区附近出现局部的低阻区.芦山地震发生在龙门山高阻体东侧边界附近,在双石-大川断裂附近,但是汶川地震发生在龙门山高阻体内部,这些构成了芦山地震和汶川地震孕震环境的差异.对青藏高原东部地壳高导层与地壳变形的关系,以及龙门山断裂带不同位置潜在的地震危险性进行了分析.
引文
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12徐锡伟,闻学泽,韩竹军,等.四川芦山7.0级强震:一次典型的盲逆断层型地震.科学通报,2013,58:1887-1893
13王二七,孟庆任.对龙门山中生代和新生代构造演化的讨论.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008,38:1221-1233
14杨晓平,蒋溥,宋方敏,等.龙门山断裂带南段错段晚更新世以来地层的证据.地震地质,1999,21:341-345
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22王阎昭,王恩宁,沈正康.基于GPS资料约束反演川滇地区主要断裂现今活动速率.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008,38:582-597
23朱艾斓,徐锡伟,刁桂苓,等.汶川Ms8.0地震部分余震重新定位及地震构造初步分析.地震地质,2008,30:759-767
24房立华,吴建平,王未来,等,四川芦山Ms7.0级地震及其余震序列重定位.科学通报,2013,58:1901-1909
25蔡军涛,陈小斌,赵国泽.大地电磁资料精细处理和二维反演解释技术研究(一)——阻抗张量分解与构造维性分析.地球物理学报,2010,53:516-526
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28Rodi W,Mackie R L.Nonlinear conjugate gradients algorithm for2-D magnetotelluric inversion.Geophysics,2001,66:174-187
29陈小斌,赵国泽,汤吉,等.大地电磁自适应正则化反演算法.地球物理学报,2005,48:937-946
30Xiao Q,Zhao G,Dong Z.Electrical resistivity structure at the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and tectonic implications.J GeophysRes,2011,116:1-14
31Yu G H,Xu X W,Klinger Y,et al.Fault-scarp features and cascading-rupture model for the Wenchuan earthquake(Mw7.9),eastern Ti-betan Plateau,China.Bull Seismol Soc Amer,2010,100:2590-2614
32张勇,许力生,陈运泰.芦山4.20地震破裂过程及其致灾特征初步分析.地球物理学报,2013,56:1408-1411
33王卫民,郝金来,姚振兴.2013年4月20日四川芦山地震震源破裂过程反演初步结果.地球物理学报,2013,56:1412-1417
34曾祥方,罗艳,韩立波,等.2013年4月20日四川芦山Ms7.0地震:一个高角度逆冲地震.地球物理学报,2013,56:1418-1420
35Royden L H,Burchfiel B C,Robert W,et al.Surface Deformation and Lower Crustal Flow in Eastern Tibet.Science,1997,276:788-790
36Clark M K,Royden L H.Topographic ooze:Building the eastern margin of Tibet by lower crustal flow.Geology,2000,28:703-706
37Wei W,Unsworth M J,Jones A G,et al.Detection of wide spread fluids in the Tibetan crust by magnetotelluric studies.Science,2001,292:716-718
38Unsworth M J,Jones A G,Wei W,et al.Crustal rheology of the Himalaya and Southern Tibet inferred from magnetotelluric data.Nature,2005,433:78-81
39Zhang Z J,Wang Y H,Chen Y,et al.Crustal structure across Longmenshan fault belt from passive source seismic profiling.Geophys ResLett,2010,292:254-264
40Bai D,Unsworth J M,Meju A M,et al.Crustal deformation of the eastern Tibetan Plateau revealed by magnetotelluric imaging.NatureGeosci,2010,3:358-362
41Robert A,Pubellier M,Sigoyer J,et al.Structural and thermal characters of the Longmen Shan(Sichuan,China).Tectonophyics,2010,491:165-173
42赵国泽,汤吉,詹艳,等.青藏高原东北缘地壳电性结构和地块变形关系的研究.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2004,34:908-918
43王绪本,朱迎堂,赵锡奎,等.青藏高原东缘龙门山逆冲构造深部电性结构特征.地球物理学报,2009,52:564-571
44Duvall A R,Clark M K.Dissipation of fast strike-slip faulting within and beyond northeastern Tibet.Geology,2010,38:223-226
45Zhang P Z.Beware of slowly slipping faults.Nat Geosci,2013,6:323-324
2黄媛,吴建平,张天中,等.汶川8.0级大地震及其余震序列重定位研究.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008,38:1242-1249
3张勇,冯万鹏,许力生,等.2008年汶川大地震的时空破裂过程.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008,38:1186-1194
4张培震,闻学泽,徐锡伟,等.2008年汶川8.0级特大地震孕育和发生的多单元组合模式.科学通报,2009,54:944-953
5Shen Z K,Lu J,Wang M,et al.Contemporary crustal deformation around the southeast borderland of the Tibetan Plateau.J Geophys Res,2005,110:1-17
6张永仙,王慧敏,王林瑛,等.华北、东北片区2009年度地震趋势预测研究.见:中国地震台网中心,编.中国地震趋势预测研究.北京:地震出版社,2008.326-366
7张岳桥,李海龙.龙门山断裂带西南段晚第四纪活动性调查与分析术.第四纪研究,2010,30:699-710
8Zhang H P,Zhang P Z,Kirby E,et al.Along-strike topographic variation of the Longmen Shan and its significance for landscape evolu-tion along the eastern Tibetan Plateau.J Asian Earth Sci,2011,40:855-864
9易桂喜,闻学泽,辛华,等.龙门山断裂带南段应力状态与强震危险性研究.地球物理学报,2013,56:1112-1120
10秦向辉,陈群策,谭成轩,等.龙门山断裂带西南段现今地应力状态与地震危险性分析.岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(增刊1):2870-2876
11刘杰,易桂喜,张致伟,等.2013年4月20日四川芦山M7.0级地震介绍.地球物理学报,2013,56:1404-1407
12徐锡伟,闻学泽,韩竹军,等.四川芦山7.0级强震:一次典型的盲逆断层型地震.科学通报,2013,58:1887-1893
13王二七,孟庆任.对龙门山中生代和新生代构造演化的讨论.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008,38:1221-1233
14杨晓平,蒋溥,宋方敏,等.龙门山断裂带南段错段晚更新世以来地层的证据.地震地质,1999,21:341-345
15许志琴,李化启,侯立炜,等.青藏高原东缘龙门-锦屏造山带的崛起大型拆离断层和挤出机制.地质通报,2007,26:1262-1276
16赵国泽,陈小斌,王立凤,等.青藏高原东边缘地壳“管流”层的电磁探测证据.科学通报,2008,53:345-350
17Zhao G Z,Martyn J U,Zhan Y,et al.Crustal structure and rheology of the Longmenshan and Wenchuan Mw7.9earthquake epicentralarea from magnetotelluric data.Geology,2012,40:1139-1142
18Tapponnier P,Peltzer G,Armijo R.On the mechanics of the collision between India and Asia.Geol Soc London,1986,19:113-157
19邓起东,张培震,冉勇康,等.中国活动构造基本特征.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2002,32:1020-1030
20Roger F,Malavieille J,Leloup P H,et al.Timing of granite emplacement and cooling in the Songpan-GarzêFold Belt(eastern TibetanPlateau)with tectonic implications.J Asian Earth Sci,2004,22:465-481
21Wen X,Yi G.Re-zoning of statistic units of seismicity in Sichuan-Yunnan region.J Seismol Res,2003,26(Suppl):1-9
22王阎昭,王恩宁,沈正康.基于GPS资料约束反演川滇地区主要断裂现今活动速率.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008,38:582-597
23朱艾斓,徐锡伟,刁桂苓,等.汶川Ms8.0地震部分余震重新定位及地震构造初步分析.地震地质,2008,30:759-767
24房立华,吴建平,王未来,等,四川芦山Ms7.0级地震及其余震序列重定位.科学通报,2013,58:1901-1909
25蔡军涛,陈小斌,赵国泽.大地电磁资料精细处理和二维反演解释技术研究(一)——阻抗张量分解与构造维性分析.地球物理学报,2010,53:516-526
26Caldwell G T,Bibby M H,Brown C.The magnetotelluric phase tensor.Geophys J Int,2004,158:457-469
27Booker J R.Magnetotellutic phase tensor evolution.21st Electromagnetic(EM)Induction Workshop,25th to31st July,2012,Darwin,Australia,2012
28Rodi W,Mackie R L.Nonlinear conjugate gradients algorithm for2-D magnetotelluric inversion.Geophysics,2001,66:174-187
29陈小斌,赵国泽,汤吉,等.大地电磁自适应正则化反演算法.地球物理学报,2005,48:937-946
30Xiao Q,Zhao G,Dong Z.Electrical resistivity structure at the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and tectonic implications.J GeophysRes,2011,116:1-14
31Yu G H,Xu X W,Klinger Y,et al.Fault-scarp features and cascading-rupture model for the Wenchuan earthquake(Mw7.9),eastern Ti-betan Plateau,China.Bull Seismol Soc Amer,2010,100:2590-2614
32张勇,许力生,陈运泰.芦山4.20地震破裂过程及其致灾特征初步分析.地球物理学报,2013,56:1408-1411
33王卫民,郝金来,姚振兴.2013年4月20日四川芦山地震震源破裂过程反演初步结果.地球物理学报,2013,56:1412-1417
34曾祥方,罗艳,韩立波,等.2013年4月20日四川芦山Ms7.0地震:一个高角度逆冲地震.地球物理学报,2013,56:1418-1420
35Royden L H,Burchfiel B C,Robert W,et al.Surface Deformation and Lower Crustal Flow in Eastern Tibet.Science,1997,276:788-790
36Clark M K,Royden L H.Topographic ooze:Building the eastern margin of Tibet by lower crustal flow.Geology,2000,28:703-706
37Wei W,Unsworth M J,Jones A G,et al.Detection of wide spread fluids in the Tibetan crust by magnetotelluric studies.Science,2001,292:716-718
38Unsworth M J,Jones A G,Wei W,et al.Crustal rheology of the Himalaya and Southern Tibet inferred from magnetotelluric data.Nature,2005,433:78-81
39Zhang Z J,Wang Y H,Chen Y,et al.Crustal structure across Longmenshan fault belt from passive source seismic profiling.Geophys ResLett,2010,292:254-264
40Bai D,Unsworth J M,Meju A M,et al.Crustal deformation of the eastern Tibetan Plateau revealed by magnetotelluric imaging.NatureGeosci,2010,3:358-362
41Robert A,Pubellier M,Sigoyer J,et al.Structural and thermal characters of the Longmen Shan(Sichuan,China).Tectonophyics,2010,491:165-173
42赵国泽,汤吉,詹艳,等.青藏高原东北缘地壳电性结构和地块变形关系的研究.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2004,34:908-918
43王绪本,朱迎堂,赵锡奎,等.青藏高原东缘龙门山逆冲构造深部电性结构特征.地球物理学报,2009,52:564-571
44Duvall A R,Clark M K.Dissipation of fast strike-slip faulting within and beyond northeastern Tibet.Geology,2010,38:223-226
45Zhang P Z.Beware of slowly slipping faults.Nat Geosci,2013,6:323-324
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