时移地震AVO反演在油藏定量解释中的应用
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摘要
时移地震叠前资料包含重要的振幅随偏移距变化(AVO)信息,能用于区分不同油藏参数变化及进行油藏定量解释。依据油田实际情况,确定适合计算疏松砂岩纵、横波速度和密度的岩石物理模型,并依据该模型通过求解精确Zoeppritz方程来正演模拟油藏含油饱和度与有效压力变化时的地震AVO响应,分析了利用时移地震AVO反演区分油藏参数变化、实现油藏定量解释的可行性。根据Aki和Richards的简化AVO方程,详细推导了利用岩石物性与地震属性的近似关系进行时移地震AVO反演的计算公式。试验结果表明,在S油田进行时移地震AVO反演是可行的,推导的时移地震AVO反演计算方法能有效地分离油藏含油饱和度和有效压力的变化,真正实现对油藏的定量解释。
The information of amplitude varied with offset (AVO) in pre-stack time-lapse seismic data is much valuable to discriminate variation of different reservoir parameters and to realize quantitative interpretation of reservoir. The petrophysical model for unconsolidated sand rock was determined on the analysis of reservoir conditions. According to the petrophysical model, the time-lapse seismic AVO responses were simulated with the variation of oil saturation and effective pressure by Zoeppritz equation. The feasibility of discriminating different reservoir parameters for realizing quantitative interpretation of reservoir using time-lapse seismic AVO technique was analyzed. Based on the simplified AVO equation given by Aki and Richards, the formula for time-lapse seismic AVO inversion by using the petrophysical model was derived in detail. The simulated data show that the time-lapse seismic AVO inversion is feasible. The formula derived in this paper is effective for discriminating the variations of oil saturation and effective pressure and for improving the precision of time-lapse seismic interpretation.
The information of amplitude varied with offset (AVO) in pre-stack time-lapse seismic data is much valuable to discriminate variation of different reservoir parameters and to realize quantitative interpretation of reservoir. The petrophysical model for unconsolidated sand rock was determined on the analysis of reservoir conditions. According to the petrophysical model, the time-lapse seismic AVO responses were simulated with the variation of oil saturation and effective pressure by Zoeppritz equation. The feasibility of discriminating different reservoir parameters for realizing quantitative interpretation of reservoir using time-lapse seismic AVO technique was analyzed. Based on the simplified AVO equation given by Aki and Richards, the formula for time-lapse seismic AVO inversion by using the petrophysical model was derived in detail. The simulated data show that the time-lapse seismic AVO inversion is feasible. The formula derived in this paper is effective for discriminating the variations of oil saturation and effective pressure and for improving the precision of time-lapse seismic interpretation.
引文
[1]刘大听,张淑娟,董亨茂.任丘潜山油藏裂缝预测及剩余油分布研究[J].石油学报,2001,22(4):4954.
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[3]刘顺生,周惠泽,杨玉珍,等.砾岩油藏地质综合描述技术———以新疆夏子街油田为例[J].石油学报,2000,21(5):109114.
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[5]DomenicoSN,Elasticpropertiesofunconsolidatedporoussand reservoirs[J].Geophysics,1977,42(7):13391368.
[6]DvorkinJ,NurA.Elasticityofhigh porositysandstones:Theory fortwoNorthSeadatasets[J].Geophysics,1996,61(5):13631370.
[7]GassmannF.Elasticwavesthroughapackingofspheres[J].Geophysics,1951,16(4):673685.
[8]ChavesteA.Riskreductioninestimationofpetrophysicalprop ertiesfromseismicdatathroughwell logmodeling,seismicmod eling,androckpropertiesestimation[J].Theleadingedge,2003,22(5):406418.
[9]李春华,鲁港,毛俊莉,等.分形理论在井间薄储集层描述中的应用[J].石油学报,1998,19(4):2629.
[10]沈凤,钱绍新,刘雯林,等.AVO多参数反演在气层检测和储层定量研究中的应用[J].石油学报,1994,15(2):1120.
[11]张广娟,胡天跃.地震波AVO与地层岩性分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(6):578584.
[12]ShueyRT.AsimplificationoftheZoeppritz equations[J].Geo physics,1985,50(3):609614.
[13]陈小宏.四维地震数据的归一化方法及实例处理[J].石油学报,1999,20(6):2226.
[2]陈小宏,牟永光.四维地震油藏监测技术及其应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(6):707715.
[3]刘顺生,周惠泽,杨玉珍,等.砾岩油藏地质综合描述技术———以新疆夏子街油田为例[J].石油学报,2000,21(5):109114.
[4]LandroM.Discriminationbetweenpressureandfluidsaturation changesfromtime lapseseismicdata[J].Geophysics,2001,66(3):836844.
[5]DomenicoSN,Elasticpropertiesofunconsolidatedporoussand reservoirs[J].Geophysics,1977,42(7):13391368.
[6]DvorkinJ,NurA.Elasticityofhigh porositysandstones:Theory fortwoNorthSeadatasets[J].Geophysics,1996,61(5):13631370.
[7]GassmannF.Elasticwavesthroughapackingofspheres[J].Geophysics,1951,16(4):673685.
[8]ChavesteA.Riskreductioninestimationofpetrophysicalprop ertiesfromseismicdatathroughwell logmodeling,seismicmod eling,androckpropertiesestimation[J].Theleadingedge,2003,22(5):406418.
[9]李春华,鲁港,毛俊莉,等.分形理论在井间薄储集层描述中的应用[J].石油学报,1998,19(4):2629.
[10]沈凤,钱绍新,刘雯林,等.AVO多参数反演在气层检测和储层定量研究中的应用[J].石油学报,1994,15(2):1120.
[11]张广娟,胡天跃.地震波AVO与地层岩性分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(6):578584.
[12]ShueyRT.AsimplificationoftheZoeppritz equations[J].Geo physics,1985,50(3):609614.
[13]陈小宏.四维地震数据的归一化方法及实例处理[J].石油学报,1999,20(6):2226.
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