山地地震测量中几项实用技术的探讨
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摘要
影响山地地震测量精度和作业效率的因素很多,主要是GPS(RTK)测量的高程精度、森林覆盖区、恶劣地形条件下的作业效率等问题。由于山区地震勘探测量涉及了大地测量、GPS卫星测量和工程测量的技术领域,解决这些问题必须通过对现有的技术方法进行改进。GPS测量的高程精度取决于高程异常值的精度,而现有的资料精度在山区普遍较低,要在短时间内建立高精度高程异常数据库非常困难,有限的勘探投资也不可能采用这种方式来提高高程异常值的精度,因而利用山地勘探区内现有的国家及行业布设的高程控制点进行拟合是较好的解决方式。此外,山地地震勘探测量主要针对物理点进行放样,它既要符合测量精度要求又要满足地震勘探对物理点的特殊要求,因而作业效率十分低下,故提高效率的主要途径是综合应用多项技术。文章介绍的提高山地地震勘探测量精度和效率的几项实用技术是通过多年实际野外作业经过不断的技术改进后总结出来的,在解决采用GPS(RTK)测量的高程精度问题和提高山区地震勘探测量工作效率方面具有广泛的实用性,值得推广。
There are many factors affecting mountain seismic survey accuracy and efficiency there, i.e.the height accuracy of GPS (RTK) survey and the operating efficiency under the conditions of forest-covered area and rough topography. Because the mountain seismic survey involves these technical fields as geodetic survey, GPS satellite survey and engineering survey, it is necessary for solving these problems to improve the existent techniques and methods.The height accuracy of GPS survey is dependent on the precision of height anomaly value. Owing to the fact that the precision of the existing data was low in mountain areas, it is very difficult to set up a high accuracy height anomaly database in a short time and it is impossible to use such a method for raising the precision of height anomaly value because of the limited exploration investment. Therefore it is a good solution to carry out the fitting by applying the height control points disposed by our country and profession in the mountain exploration region.In addition, the mountain seismic survey was aimed at the physical points to carry out lofting, which should not only tally with the demand for surveying accuracy but also meet the special needs of seismic exploration, so that the operating efficiency was very low. In order to enhance the efficiency, it is the main way to apply comprehensively many kinds of techniques. Several practical techniques of raising the mountain seismic survey accuracy and efficiency, which were summarized through the actual field works for many years and the uninterrupted technical improvement, are introduced in the paper. They are worth being popularized, being of wide practicability in solving the problem with the height accuracy of applying GPS (RTK) survey and in enhancing the mountain seismic survey efficiency.
There are many factors affecting mountain seismic survey accuracy and efficiency there, i.e.the height accuracy of GPS (RTK) survey and the operating efficiency under the conditions of forest-covered area and rough topography. Because the mountain seismic survey involves these technical fields as geodetic survey, GPS satellite survey and engineering survey, it is necessary for solving these problems to improve the existent techniques and methods.The height accuracy of GPS survey is dependent on the precision of height anomaly value. Owing to the fact that the precision of the existing data was low in mountain areas, it is very difficult to set up a high accuracy height anomaly database in a short time and it is impossible to use such a method for raising the precision of height anomaly value because of the limited exploration investment. Therefore it is a good solution to carry out the fitting by applying the height control points disposed by our country and profession in the mountain exploration region.In addition, the mountain seismic survey was aimed at the physical points to carry out lofting, which should not only tally with the demand for surveying accuracy but also meet the special needs of seismic exploration, so that the operating efficiency was very low. In order to enhance the efficiency, it is the main way to apply comprehensively many kinds of techniques. Several practical techniques of raising the mountain seismic survey accuracy and efficiency, which were summarized through the actual field works for many years and the uninterrupted technical improvement, are introduced in the paper. They are worth being popularized, being of wide practicability in solving the problem with the height accuracy of applying GPS (RTK) survey and in enhancing the mountain seismic survey efficiency.
引文
1 武汉测绘科技大学.测量学.第三版,北京:原测绘出版社
2 刘大杰.全球定位系统(GPS)的原理与数据处理.上海:同济大学出版社
3 雷迎春,王明世.塔里木盆地西南部地区大地水准面现状及对石油物探精度的影响.石油地球物探,2001;(3)
4 雷迎春,杨柳,廖建军.SY/T5775山区地震勘探测量技术规程.北京:石油工业出版社
5 雷迎春.GPS实时动态测量技术在山区地震勘探中的应用研究.西南交通大学学报,1999;(5)
6 雷迎春,孙绍斌,宋健敏.SY/T5171石油物探测量规范.北京:石油工业出版社
2 刘大杰.全球定位系统(GPS)的原理与数据处理.上海:同济大学出版社
3 雷迎春,王明世.塔里木盆地西南部地区大地水准面现状及对石油物探精度的影响.石油地球物探,2001;(3)
4 雷迎春,杨柳,廖建军.SY/T5775山区地震勘探测量技术规程.北京:石油工业出版社
5 雷迎春.GPS实时动态测量技术在山区地震勘探中的应用研究.西南交通大学学报,1999;(5)
6 雷迎春,孙绍斌,宋健敏.SY/T5171石油物探测量规范.北京:石油工业出版社
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