地震属性质量控制技术在地震数据处理中的应用
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摘要
地震资料处理的效果往往是通过对比处理前后的单炮记录或叠加剖面来进行定性判断的,这种方法的局限性在于从地震记录上很难判断处理的合理性或对地震记录的改变情况.而通过采用地震属性分析技术对处理前后的地震数据进行质量控制,有效克服了上述方法的局限性.这种方法能够更加直观地认识和分析原始资料特征,同时确立合理的处理流程和参数,并为质量控制提供有效的定量化分析手段,有效控制地震数据处理的质量和过程,为后续的地质目标圈定、油气检测等提供科学依据.
The effect of seismic data processing is often handled by comparing before and after the single-shot record or judged by overlay stacked profile.The limitation of this approach is that it is difficult to judge the rationality of seismic record or change of seismic records.Through the use of seismic attribute analysis technology on processing of seismic data for quality control before and after,we can effectively overcome the limitations of the method described above.This method is able to understand,analyze raw data more intuitive features,at the same time it can help establishing a reasonable process flow and parameters,even providing effective means of quantitative analysis for quality control.All the advantages are used for quality and processes of effective control of the seismic data processing,for subsequent geological target circle,oil and gas detection to provide the scientific basis.
The effect of seismic data processing is often handled by comparing before and after the single-shot record or judged by overlay stacked profile.The limitation of this approach is that it is difficult to judge the rationality of seismic record or change of seismic records.Through the use of seismic attribute analysis technology on processing of seismic data for quality control before and after,we can effectively overcome the limitations of the method described above.This method is able to understand,analyze raw data more intuitive features,at the same time it can help establishing a reasonable process flow and parameters,even providing effective means of quantitative analysis for quality control.All the advantages are used for quality and processes of effective control of the seismic data processing,for subsequent geological target circle,oil and gas detection to provide the scientific basis.
引文
[1]刘铁华.地震散射波的高精度数值模拟与振幅分析[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(4):1318-1324.Liu T H.High precision numerical modeling and dynamiccharacteristic analysis of seismic scattering wave[J].ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,55(4):1318-1324.
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[3]凌云研究组.叠前相对保持振幅、频率、相位和波形的地震数据处理与评价研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(5):543-552.Ling Yun Research Group.Study of seismic data processingand appreciation based on prestack relative preservation ofamplitude,frequency,phase and waveform[J].OGP(inChinese),2004,39(5):543-552.
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[8]岳玉波,李振春,钱忠平,等.复杂地表条件下保幅高斯束偏移[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(4):1376-1383.Yue Y B,Li Z C,Qian Z P,et al.Amplitude-preservedGaussian beam migration under complex topographicconditions[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,55(4):1376-1383.
[9]石颖,刘洪,邹振.基于波动方程表面多次波预测与自适应相减方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(7):1716-1724.Shi Y,Liu H,Zou Z.Surface-related multiples predictionbased on wave equation and adaptive subtraction investigation[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(7):1716-1724.
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[12]王红玲,詹毅,张朝霞.地震资料信噪比估算方法改进[J].物探化探计算技术,2007,29(3):189-192.Wang H L,Zhan Y,Zhang Z X.An improved method ofestimating signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data[J].ComputingTechniques For Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(inChinese),2007,29(3):189-192.
[13]陆基孟,王永刚.地震勘探原理[M].(第三版)东营:中国石油大学出版社,2009:156-164.Lu J M,Wang Y G.The Principle of Seismic Exploration(inChinese)[M].3rd ed.Dongying:China University ofPetroleum Press,2009:156-164.
[14]李桂花,冯建国,朱光明.黏弹性VTI介质频率空间域准P波正演模拟[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(1):200-207.Li G H,Feng J G,Zhu G M.Quasi-P wave forwardmodeling in viscoelastic VTI media in frequency-space domain[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(1):200-207.
[15]刘国峰,刘洪,孟小红,等.频率域波形反演中与频率相关的影响因素分析[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(4):1345-1353.Liu G F,Liu H,Meng X H,et al.Frequency-related factorsanalysis in frequency domain waveform inversion[J].ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,55(4):1345-1353.
[16]廖建平,刘和秀,王华忠,等.快速高精度的频率空间域声波数值模拟方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(4):1359-1363.Liao J P,Liu H X,Wang H Z,et al.Study on rapid highlyaccurate acoustic wave numerical simulation in frequencyspace domain[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,26(4):1359-1363.
[17]赵玉莲,李录明,王海燕,等.百58井区地震数据高分辨率成像与断裂带构造特征[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2011,41(4):1219-1225.Zhao Y L,Li L M,Wang H Y,et al.High-resolutionseismic data imaging and structural characteristics of faultzone in Bai-58 Well[J].Journal of Jilin University(EarthScience Edition)(in Chinese),2011,41(4):1219-1225.
[2]高静怀,汪玲玲,赵伟.基于反射地震记录变子波模型提高地震记录分辨率[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(5):1280-1300.Gao J H,Wang L L,Zhao W.Enhancing resolution of seismictraces based on the changing wavelet model of the seismogram[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(5):1289-1300.
[3]凌云研究组.叠前相对保持振幅、频率、相位和波形的地震数据处理与评价研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(5):543-552.Ling Yun Research Group.Study of seismic data processingand appreciation based on prestack relative preservation ofamplitude,frequency,phase and waveform[J].OGP(inChinese),2004,39(5):543-552.
[4]高静怀,汪文秉,朱光明,等.地震资料处理中小波函数的选取研究[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(3):392-400.Gao J H,Wang W B,Zhu G M,et al.On the choice ofwavelet functions for seismic data processing[J].ActaGeophysica Sinica(Chinese J.Geophys.)(in Chinese),1996,39(3):392-400.
[5]刘天佑,盛秋红,杨宇山,等.复小波频谱分析在地震数据处理中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(增刊):72-75.Liu T Y,Sheng Q H,Yang Y S,et al.Application offrequency spectrum analysis of complex wavelet to seismic dataprocessing[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2007,42(supplement):72-75.
[6]刘喜武,张宁,勾永峰,等.地震勘探信号时频分析方法对比与应用分析[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(3):743-753.Liu X W,Zhang N,Gou Y F,et al.The comparison andapplication of time-frequency analysis methods to seismic signal[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(3):743-753.
[7]陈雨红,杨长春,曹齐放,等.几种时频分析方法比较[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(4):1180-1185.Chen Y H,Yang C C,Cao Q F,et al.The comparison ofsome time-frequency analysis methods[J].Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(4):1180-1185.
[8]岳玉波,李振春,钱忠平,等.复杂地表条件下保幅高斯束偏移[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(4):1376-1383.Yue Y B,Li Z C,Qian Z P,et al.Amplitude-preservedGaussian beam migration under complex topographicconditions[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,55(4):1376-1383.
[9]石颖,刘洪,邹振.基于波动方程表面多次波预测与自适应相减方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(7):1716-1724.Shi Y,Liu H,Zou Z.Surface-related multiples predictionbased on wave equation and adaptive subtraction investigation[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(7):1716-1724.
[10]张军华,藏胜涛,周振晓,等.地震资料信噪比定量计算及方法比较[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(4):481-486.Zhang J H,Zang S T,Zhou Z X,et al.Quantitativecomputation and comparison of S/N ratio in seismic data[J].OGP(in Chinese),2009,44(4):481-486.
[11]苑益军,周芝旭,牛滨华,等.浅谈地震资料处理中的提高信噪比处理技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(2):168-171.Yuan Y J,Zhou Z X,Niu B H,et al.Briefly talk aboutprocessing techniques of improving S/N ratio in seismic dataprocessing[J].OGP(in Chinese),2005,40(2):168-171.
[12]王红玲,詹毅,张朝霞.地震资料信噪比估算方法改进[J].物探化探计算技术,2007,29(3):189-192.Wang H L,Zhan Y,Zhang Z X.An improved method ofestimating signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data[J].ComputingTechniques For Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(inChinese),2007,29(3):189-192.
[13]陆基孟,王永刚.地震勘探原理[M].(第三版)东营:中国石油大学出版社,2009:156-164.Lu J M,Wang Y G.The Principle of Seismic Exploration(inChinese)[M].3rd ed.Dongying:China University ofPetroleum Press,2009:156-164.
[14]李桂花,冯建国,朱光明.黏弹性VTI介质频率空间域准P波正演模拟[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(1):200-207.Li G H,Feng J G,Zhu G M.Quasi-P wave forwardmodeling in viscoelastic VTI media in frequency-space domain[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(1):200-207.
[15]刘国峰,刘洪,孟小红,等.频率域波形反演中与频率相关的影响因素分析[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(4):1345-1353.Liu G F,Liu H,Meng X H,et al.Frequency-related factorsanalysis in frequency domain waveform inversion[J].ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,55(4):1345-1353.
[16]廖建平,刘和秀,王华忠,等.快速高精度的频率空间域声波数值模拟方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(4):1359-1363.Liao J P,Liu H X,Wang H Z,et al.Study on rapid highlyaccurate acoustic wave numerical simulation in frequencyspace domain[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,26(4):1359-1363.
[17]赵玉莲,李录明,王海燕,等.百58井区地震数据高分辨率成像与断裂带构造特征[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2011,41(4):1219-1225.Zhao Y L,Li L M,Wang H Y,et al.High-resolutionseismic data imaging and structural characteristics of faultzone in Bai-58 Well[J].Journal of Jilin University(EarthScience Edition)(in Chinese),2011,41(4):1219-1225.
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