深水盆地中大型侵入砂岩的地震识别及其成因机制探讨
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摘要
侵入砂岩是深水盆地中常见的地质现象,由于本身具有高孔隙度、高渗透率的特点,对深水油气储集、运移和成藏均有重要的影响。综合国内外研究成果,探讨了深水盆地中大型侵入砂岩的地震特征和成因机制。研究表明侵入砂岩具有明显的强振幅地震反射,这些振幅异常一般呈V字形反射形态,沿着走向反映出一系列的特点,如阶梯性、分支性等,并伴有极性反转和高速度异常,在侵入砂岩下部的喉道出现上拉现象;关于侵入砂岩的成因,认为是未固结成岩阶段深水盆地中的异常超压砂体的向上侵位形成,大型的侵入砂岩及其伴生的断裂系统为流体运移提供渗流通道,深部水道或深水扇系统为侵入砂岩提供充足的物源。
Large-scale sandstone intrusions are important components of many deep-water clastic systems.They were formed by the unconsolidated sandstones of early burial stages remobilizing and injecting into the overlying strata and were commonly found in fine-grained argillaceous sediments developed in polygonal fault network.They can affect the distribution of sandstone reservoir,the vertical migration and oil/gas accumulation for their high porosity and high permeability.By integrating the research results at home and abroad,the seismic character and formation mechanism of large-scale sandstone intrusions are discussed.Results shows that they often form complex and spectacular features on 3D seismic data,such as a distinctive suite of discordant,high-amplitude reflections,the opposite polarity of upper and lower reflections,conical amplitude,horizon pull-down and so on.The sandstone intrusions are resulted from extremely high pressure in deep water environment.The presence of a widespread region of conical sandstone instrusions in the deep-water basin has important implications for vertical fluid migration in the region.
Large-scale sandstone intrusions are important components of many deep-water clastic systems.They were formed by the unconsolidated sandstones of early burial stages remobilizing and injecting into the overlying strata and were commonly found in fine-grained argillaceous sediments developed in polygonal fault network.They can affect the distribution of sandstone reservoir,the vertical migration and oil/gas accumulation for their high porosity and high permeability.By integrating the research results at home and abroad,the seismic character and formation mechanism of large-scale sandstone intrusions are discussed.Results shows that they often form complex and spectacular features on 3D seismic data,such as a distinctive suite of discordant,high-amplitude reflections,the opposite polarity of upper and lower reflections,conical amplitude,horizon pull-down and so on.The sandstone intrusions are resulted from extremely high pressure in deep water environment.The presence of a widespread region of conical sandstone instrusions in the deep-water basin has important implications for vertical fluid migration in the region.
引文
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[24]Jonk R,Hurst A,Duranti D,et al.Origin and timing of sand in-jection,petroleum migration,and diagenesis in Teriary reser-voirs,south Viking Grabon,North Sea[J].AAPG Bulletin,2005,83(3):329-357.
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[26]Molyneux S J M,Cartwright J A,Lonergan L.Large scale deep-water sediment remobilization:Examples from North Sea3D seis-mic and outcrop[J].AAPG,2001,9:2-11
[27]Fertl W H.Abnormal Formation Pressure,Implication to Explo-ration,Drilling,and Production of Oil and Gas Reservoirs[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier,1976:1-382.
[28]Magara K.Compaction and Fluid Migration,Practical Petroleum Geology[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier Scientific Publishing Compa-ny,1978:1-319.
[29]Smith J E.The dynamics of shale compaction and evolution of pore-fluid pressures[J].Math Geology,1971,3:239-263.
[30]Bethke C M.Inverse hydrologic analysis of the distribution and origin of Gulf Coast type geopressured zones[J].Geophysical Re-search,1986,91:6535-6545.
[31]Che Heli,Luo Xiaorong.The quantitative calculation of abnormal fluid pressure in argillaceous and arenaceous rocks and it's geolog-ical applications[J].Geological Review,1988,34(1):54-63.[陈荷立,罗晓容.砂泥岩中异常高流体压力的定量计算及其地质应用[J].地质评论,1988,34(1):54-63.]
[32]Luo X R,Vasseur G.Contributions of compaction and aquather-mal pressuring to geopressure and the influence of environmental conditions[J].American Association ofPetroleum Geologists Bul-letin,1992,76:1550-1559.
[2]Hurst A,Cartwright J,Huuse M,et al.Signifacance of large-scale sand injectites as long-term fluid conduits:Evidence from seismic data[J].Geofluids,2003,3:263-274.
[3]Duranti D,Hurst A.Fluidization and injection in the deep-water sandstones of the Eocene Alba Formation(UK,North Sea)[J].Sedimentology,2004,51:503-529.
[4]Huuse M,Duranti D,Steinsland N,et al.Seismic characteristics of large-scale sandstone intrusions in the Paleocene of the South Viking Graben,UK and Norwegian North Sea[C]∥Davies R J,Cartwright J A,Stewart S A,et al,eds.Seismic Technology:Ap-plication to the Exploration of Sedimentary Basins.Geological So-ciety,London,Memoirs,2004,29:263-277.
[5]Shoulders S,Carwright J A.A new approach to constraining the depth and timeing of large-scale sandstone intrusions[J].Geolo-gy,2004,32(8):661-664.
[6]Shoulders S J,Cartwright J,Huuse M.Large-scale conical sand-stone intrusions and polygonal fault systems in Tranche6,Faroe-Shetland basin[J].Marine&Petroleum Geology,2007,24:173-188.
[7]Henry S P,Paul W.Worldwide deepwater exploration and produc-tion:Past,present,and future[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21(4):371-376.
[8]Rufino B B,Lawrence MG.Growth opportunities in the Philippine natural gas industry[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21(9):898-900.
[9]Katz B J.Hydrocarbon shows and source rocks in scientific ocean drilling[J].International Journal ofCoal Geology,2003,54:139-154.
[10]Yang Chuanheng,Du Xu,Pan Heshun,et al.Advances in world wide deep water hydrocarbon exploration and oil and gas explora-tion potential in the northern continental slope in south china Sea[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2000,7(3):247-256.[杨川恒,杜栩,潘和顺,等.国内外深水领域油气勘探新进展及中国南海北部陆坡深水区油气勘探潜力[J].地学前缘,2000,7(3):247-256.]
[11]He Jiaxiong,Shi Xiaobin,Xia Bin,et al.The status of the pe-troleum exploration in the northern south China sea and the re-source potential in the deep-water areas[J].Advances in Earth Science,2007,22(3):261-270.[何家雄,施小斌,夏斌,等.南海北部边缘盆地油气勘探现状与深水油气资源前景[J].地球科学进展,2007,22(3):261-270.]
[12]Molyneux S,Cartwright J A,Lonergan L.Conical Sandstone In-jection Structures Imaged by3D Seismic in the Central North Sea[M].UK,1999,20:383-393.
[13]Lonergan L,Cartwright J A.Polygonal faults and their influence on deepwater sandstone reservoir geometries,Alba Field,UK central North Sea[J].AAPG Bulletin,1999,83:410-432.
[14]Surlyk F,Noe-Nygaard N.Sand remobilization and intrusion in the upper Jurassic Harelv Formation of East GreenLand[J].Bul-letin ofGeological Society ofDenmark,2001,48:169-188.
[15]Boehm A,Moore J C.Fluidized sandstone intrusions as an indi-cator of Paleostress orientation,Santa Cruz,California[J].Geofluids,2002,2:147-161.
[16]Jonk R.The structural and diagenetic evolution of injected sand-stones:Axamples from the Kimmeridgian of NE Scotland[J].Journal ofthe Geological SocietyofLondon,2003,160:881-894.
[17]Huuse M,Mickelson M.Eocene sandstone intrusions in the Tampen Spur area(Norwegian North Sea Quad34)imaged by3D seismic data[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2004,21(2):141-155.
[18]Dong Dongdong,Zhao Hanqing,Wu Shiguo,et al.SWF prob-lem in deepwater drilling and it's geophysical detection techniques[J].Journal ofMarine Science Bulletin,2007,26(1):114-120.[董冬冬,赵汗青,吴时国,等.深水钻井中浅水流灾害问题及其地球物理识别技术[J].海洋通报,2007,26(1):114-120.]
[19]Luo Xiaorong,Yang Jihai,Wang Zhengfeng.The over pressuring mechanisms in aquifers and pressure prediction in basins[J].Ge-ological Review,2000,46(1):22-31.[罗晓容,杨计海,王振峰.盆地内渗透性地层超压形成机制及钻前压力预测[J].地质论评,2000,46(1):22-31.]
[20]Joe F,George H.Deep star’s evaluation of Shallow Water Flow Problems in the Gulf of Mexico[C]∥Proceedings of Offshore Technology Conference.Houston,Texas,1997,OTC8525.
[21]Ostermeier R M,Pelletier J H,Winker C D,et al.Dealing with shallow-water flowin the deepwater Gulf of Mexico[J].The Lead-ing Edge,2002,21(7):660-668.
[22]Lonergan L,Lee N,Johnson HD,et al.Remobilization and in-jection in deepwater depositional systems:Implications for reser-voir architecture and prediction[C]∥Deep-water Reservoirs of the World.GCSSEPM Foundation20th Annual Research Confer-ence,2000.
[23]Murdoch L C,Slack W W.Forms of hydraulic fractures in shal-low fine-grained formations[J].Journal ofgeotechnical and Envi-ronmental Engineering,2002,128(6):479-487.
[24]Jonk R,Hurst A,Duranti D,et al.Origin and timing of sand in-jection,petroleum migration,and diagenesis in Teriary reser-voirs,south Viking Grabon,North Sea[J].AAPG Bulletin,2005,83(3):329-357.
[25]Wu Shiguo,Zhao Hanqing,Wu Xiangyang,et al.The research of geohazards estimation technique on deep-water wells[C]∥Ma-rine Sciences,2005:218-223.[吴时国,赵汗青,伍向阳,等.深水钻井安全的地质风险评价技术研究[C]∥中国深水油气开发工程高技术论坛文集,2005:218-223.]
[26]Molyneux S J M,Cartwright J A,Lonergan L.Large scale deep-water sediment remobilization:Examples from North Sea3D seis-mic and outcrop[J].AAPG,2001,9:2-11
[27]Fertl W H.Abnormal Formation Pressure,Implication to Explo-ration,Drilling,and Production of Oil and Gas Reservoirs[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier,1976:1-382.
[28]Magara K.Compaction and Fluid Migration,Practical Petroleum Geology[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier Scientific Publishing Compa-ny,1978:1-319.
[29]Smith J E.The dynamics of shale compaction and evolution of pore-fluid pressures[J].Math Geology,1971,3:239-263.
[30]Bethke C M.Inverse hydrologic analysis of the distribution and origin of Gulf Coast type geopressured zones[J].Geophysical Re-search,1986,91:6535-6545.
[31]Che Heli,Luo Xiaorong.The quantitative calculation of abnormal fluid pressure in argillaceous and arenaceous rocks and it's geolog-ical applications[J].Geological Review,1988,34(1):54-63.[陈荷立,罗晓容.砂泥岩中异常高流体压力的定量计算及其地质应用[J].地质评论,1988,34(1):54-63.]
[32]Luo X R,Vasseur G.Contributions of compaction and aquather-mal pressuring to geopressure and the influence of environmental conditions[J].American Association ofPetroleum Geologists Bul-letin,1992,76:1550-1559.
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