2013年芦山地震导致的周边断层应力变化及其与2008年汶川地震的关系
摘要
2013年4月20日,四川雅安-芦山地区发生了Ms7.0级强震,地震造成了重大的人员伤亡和经济损失.判断余震可能发生的区域、圈定震区周边未来可能发生地震活动的范围,对灾区人员安置、灾后恢复重建,以及加强震灾及次生灾害防御具有重要的参考价值.本文利用弹性位错理论和分层岩石圈模型,计算汶川地震和芦山地震引起的同震及震后粘弹松弛应力场变化,讨论了Mw7.9级汶川地震与芦山地震之间的关系、芦山地震对余震分布的影响以及汶川地震和芦山地震对周边主要活动断层的影响.结果表明:(1)汶川地震在芦山地震震中导致的库伦应力增量为0.0037～0.0114MPa,最高可能达到0.0114MPa,汶川地震可能有效地促进了芦山地震的发生.(2)芦山地震所导致的同震库伦应力场变化能够较好地解释目前余震的分布.在芦山地震破裂面东北和西南两端的应力增强区域内还没有余震记录,这些区域未来发生余震的危险性较大,需密切关注.(3)鲜水河断裂康定-道孚段、北川-映秀断裂、彭县-灌县断裂以及雅安断裂上的库伦应力增量进一步提升,地震危险性有所增强.
引文
1Freed A M.Earthquake triggering by static,dynamic,and postseismic stress transfer.Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci,2005,33:335–367
2King G C P,Stein R S,Lin J.Static stress changes and the triggering of earthquakes.Bull Seismol Soc Amer,1994,84:935–953
3Toda S,Stein R S,Reasonberg P A,et al.Stress transferred by the M w=6.5Kobe,Japan,shock:Effect on aftershocks and future earthquake probabilities.J Geophys Res,1998,103:24543–24565
4Parsons T,Stein R S,Simpson R W,et al.Stress sensitivity of fault seismicity:A comparisonbetween limited-offset oblique and major strike-slip faults.J Geophys Res,1999,104:20183–20202
5单斌,熊熊,郑勇,等.2008年5月12日M w7.9汶川地震导致的周边断层应力变化.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2009,39:537–545
6Parsons T,Chen J,Kirby E.Stress changes from the2008Wenchuan earthquake and increase hazard in the Sichuan basin.Nature,2008,454:509–510
7王椿镛,吴建平,楼海,等.川西藏东地区的地壳P波速度结构.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2003,33(增刊):181–189
8王椿镛,常利军,吕智勇,等.青藏高原东北部上地幔各向异性及相关的壳幔耦合模式.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2007,37:495–503
9郑勇,马宏生,吕坚,等.汶川地震强余震(M s≥5.6)的震源机制解及其与发震构造的关系.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2009,39:413–426
10郑勇,葛粲,谢祖军,等.芦山与汶川地震震区地壳结构及深部孕震环境.中国科学:地球科学,2013,43:1027–1037
11王椿镛,韩渭宾,吴建平,等.松潘-甘孜造山带地壳速度结构.地震学报,2003,25:229–241
12朱介寿,曹家敏,刘舜化,等.用人工地震初探川西地区的地壳结构.成都地质学院学报,1984,3:111–122
13赵珠,范军,郑斯华,等.龙门山推覆构造带地壳速度结构和震源位置的精确修定.地震学报,1997,19:6l5–622
14朱介寿.汶川地震的岩石圈深部结构与动力学背景.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2008,35:348–356
15Xu Y,Li Z W,Huang R,et al.Seismic structure of the Longmen Shan region from S-wave tomography and its relationship with the Wenchuan M s8.0earthquake on12May2008,sourthwestern China.Geophys Res Lett,2010,37:L0230.
16刘启元,李昱,陈九辉,等.汶川M s8.0地震:地壳上地幔S波速度结构的初步研究.地球物理学报,2009,52:309–319
17Zhang Z,Wang Y,Chen Y,et al.Crustal structure across Longmenshan fault belt from passive source seismic profiling.Geophys Res Lett,2009,36:L17310,doi:10.1029/2009GL039580
18Zhang Z,Yuan X,Chen Y,et al.Seismic signature of the collision between the east Tibetan escape flow and the Sichuan Basin.EarthPlanet Sci Lett,2010,292:254–264
19Li Z W,Ni S D,Hao T Y,et al.Uppermost mantle structure of the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau from interstation Pn traveltime difference tomography.Earth Planet Sci Lett,2012,335:195–205
20李志伟,胥颐,黄润秋,等.龙门山地区的P波速度结构与汶川地震的深部构造特征.中国科学:地球科学,2011,41:283–290
21邵志刚,傅容珊,薛霆虓,等.昆仑山M s8.1级地震震后变形场数值模拟与成因机理探讨.地球物理学报,2008,51:805–816
22Ryder I,Parsons B,Wright T J,et al.Post-seismic motion following the1997Manyi(Tibet)earthquake:SAR observations and modelling.Geophys J Int,2007,169:1009–1027
23谢祖军,金笔凯,郑勇,等.近远震波形反演2013年芦山地震震源参数.中国科学:地球科学,2013,43:1010–1019
24Zhao L S,Helmberger D V.Source estimation from broadband regional seismograms.Bull Seismol Soc Amer,1994,84:91–104
25Zhu L P,Helmberger D V.Advancement in source estimation techniques using broadband regional seismograms.Bull Seismol Soc Amer,1996,86:1634–1641
26高原,Suzan Van Der Lee,Giardini D,等.应用振型叠加方法研究1997年11月8日中国西藏玛尼地震震源机制.地球物理学报,2001,44(增刊):98–106
27韦生吉,倪四道,崇加军,等.2003年8月16日赤峰地震:一个可能发生在下地壳的地震?地球物理学报,2009,52:111–119
28Zheng Y,Ni S D.Strong aftershocks in the northern segment of the Wenchuan earthquake rupture zone and their seismotectonic implications.Earth Planets Space,2010,62:881–886
29罗艳,倪四道,曾祥方,等.汶川地震余震区东北端一个余震序列的地震学研究.中国科学:地球科学,2010,40:677–687
30Bassin C,Laske G,Masters G.The current limits of resolution for surface wave tomography in North America.EOS Trans AGU,2000,81:897
31Ji C,Wald D J,Helmberger D V.Source description of the1999Hector Mine,California earthquake;Part I:Wavelet domain inversion theory and resolution analysis.Bull Seismol Soc Amer,2002,92:1192–1207
32刘成利,郑勇,葛粲,等.2013年芦山7.0级地震的动态破裂过程.中国科学:地球科学,2013,43:1020–1026
33王卫民,赵连锋,李娟,等.四川汶川8.0级地震震源过程.地球物理学报,2008,51:1403–1410
34Wang R,Lorenzo F,Roth F.PSGRN/PSCMP––A new code for calculating co-and post-seismic deformation,geoid and gravity changes based on the viscoelastic-gravitational dislocation theory.Comput Geosci-UK,2006,32:527–541
35Harris R A,Simpson R W.Suppression of large earthquakes by stress shadows:A comparison of Coulomb and rate-and-state failure.J Geophys Res,1998,103:24439–24451
36Wen X Z,Ma S L,Xu X W,et al.Historical pattern and behavior of earthquake ruptures along the eastern boundary of the Sichuan-Yunnan faulted-block,southwestern China.Phys Earth Planet Inter,2008,168:16–36
2King G C P,Stein R S,Lin J.Static stress changes and the triggering of earthquakes.Bull Seismol Soc Amer,1994,84:935–953
3Toda S,Stein R S,Reasonberg P A,et al.Stress transferred by the M w=6.5Kobe,Japan,shock:Effect on aftershocks and future earthquake probabilities.J Geophys Res,1998,103:24543–24565
4Parsons T,Stein R S,Simpson R W,et al.Stress sensitivity of fault seismicity:A comparisonbetween limited-offset oblique and major strike-slip faults.J Geophys Res,1999,104:20183–20202
5单斌,熊熊,郑勇,等.2008年5月12日M w7.9汶川地震导致的周边断层应力变化.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2009,39:537–545
6Parsons T,Chen J,Kirby E.Stress changes from the2008Wenchuan earthquake and increase hazard in the Sichuan basin.Nature,2008,454:509–510
7王椿镛,吴建平,楼海,等.川西藏东地区的地壳P波速度结构.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2003,33(增刊):181–189
8王椿镛,常利军,吕智勇,等.青藏高原东北部上地幔各向异性及相关的壳幔耦合模式.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2007,37:495–503
9郑勇,马宏生,吕坚,等.汶川地震强余震(M s≥5.6)的震源机制解及其与发震构造的关系.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2009,39:413–426
10郑勇,葛粲,谢祖军,等.芦山与汶川地震震区地壳结构及深部孕震环境.中国科学:地球科学,2013,43:1027–1037
11王椿镛,韩渭宾,吴建平,等.松潘-甘孜造山带地壳速度结构.地震学报,2003,25:229–241
12朱介寿,曹家敏,刘舜化,等.用人工地震初探川西地区的地壳结构.成都地质学院学报,1984,3:111–122
13赵珠,范军,郑斯华,等.龙门山推覆构造带地壳速度结构和震源位置的精确修定.地震学报,1997,19:6l5–622
14朱介寿.汶川地震的岩石圈深部结构与动力学背景.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2008,35:348–356
15Xu Y,Li Z W,Huang R,et al.Seismic structure of the Longmen Shan region from S-wave tomography and its relationship with the Wenchuan M s8.0earthquake on12May2008,sourthwestern China.Geophys Res Lett,2010,37:L0230.
16刘启元,李昱,陈九辉,等.汶川M s8.0地震:地壳上地幔S波速度结构的初步研究.地球物理学报,2009,52:309–319
17Zhang Z,Wang Y,Chen Y,et al.Crustal structure across Longmenshan fault belt from passive source seismic profiling.Geophys Res Lett,2009,36:L17310,doi:10.1029/2009GL039580
18Zhang Z,Yuan X,Chen Y,et al.Seismic signature of the collision between the east Tibetan escape flow and the Sichuan Basin.EarthPlanet Sci Lett,2010,292:254–264
19Li Z W,Ni S D,Hao T Y,et al.Uppermost mantle structure of the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau from interstation Pn traveltime difference tomography.Earth Planet Sci Lett,2012,335:195–205
20李志伟,胥颐,黄润秋,等.龙门山地区的P波速度结构与汶川地震的深部构造特征.中国科学:地球科学,2011,41:283–290
21邵志刚,傅容珊,薛霆虓,等.昆仑山M s8.1级地震震后变形场数值模拟与成因机理探讨.地球物理学报,2008,51:805–816
22Ryder I,Parsons B,Wright T J,et al.Post-seismic motion following the1997Manyi(Tibet)earthquake:SAR observations and modelling.Geophys J Int,2007,169:1009–1027
23谢祖军,金笔凯,郑勇,等.近远震波形反演2013年芦山地震震源参数.中国科学:地球科学,2013,43:1010–1019
24Zhao L S,Helmberger D V.Source estimation from broadband regional seismograms.Bull Seismol Soc Amer,1994,84:91–104
25Zhu L P,Helmberger D V.Advancement in source estimation techniques using broadband regional seismograms.Bull Seismol Soc Amer,1996,86:1634–1641
26高原,Suzan Van Der Lee,Giardini D,等.应用振型叠加方法研究1997年11月8日中国西藏玛尼地震震源机制.地球物理学报,2001,44(增刊):98–106
27韦生吉,倪四道,崇加军,等.2003年8月16日赤峰地震:一个可能发生在下地壳的地震?地球物理学报,2009,52:111–119
28Zheng Y,Ni S D.Strong aftershocks in the northern segment of the Wenchuan earthquake rupture zone and their seismotectonic implications.Earth Planets Space,2010,62:881–886
29罗艳,倪四道,曾祥方,等.汶川地震余震区东北端一个余震序列的地震学研究.中国科学:地球科学,2010,40:677–687
30Bassin C,Laske G,Masters G.The current limits of resolution for surface wave tomography in North America.EOS Trans AGU,2000,81:897
31Ji C,Wald D J,Helmberger D V.Source description of the1999Hector Mine,California earthquake;Part I:Wavelet domain inversion theory and resolution analysis.Bull Seismol Soc Amer,2002,92:1192–1207
32刘成利,郑勇,葛粲,等.2013年芦山7.0级地震的动态破裂过程.中国科学:地球科学,2013,43:1020–1026
33王卫民,赵连锋,李娟,等.四川汶川8.0级地震震源过程.地球物理学报,2008,51:1403–1410
34Wang R,Lorenzo F,Roth F.PSGRN/PSCMP––A new code for calculating co-and post-seismic deformation,geoid and gravity changes based on the viscoelastic-gravitational dislocation theory.Comput Geosci-UK,2006,32:527–541
35Harris R A,Simpson R W.Suppression of large earthquakes by stress shadows:A comparison of Coulomb and rate-and-state failure.J Geophys Res,1998,103:24439–24451
36Wen X Z,Ma S L,Xu X W,et al.Historical pattern and behavior of earthquake ruptures along the eastern boundary of the Sichuan-Yunnan faulted-block,southwestern China.Phys Earth Planet Inter,2008,168:16–36
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心