5.12地震引发潜在泥石流灾害的调查评价——以四川省德阳绵竹市龙形沟泥石为例
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摘要
"5.12"地震形成的滑坡崩塌为泥石流提供了丰富的固体松散物质,严重威胁到交通、民房和安置点等的安全[1、2],成为灾区重建的重大隐患。本文以四川省绵竹市龙形沟泥石流为例,讨论5.12地震引发潜在泥石流地质灾害的调查评价方法。龙形沟流域属高山峡谷地貌,呈叶状,支沟众多,主沟未暴发过泥石流,但"5.12"地震后,现场调查发现流域内多达9条支沟暴发了泥石流。本文针对该类潜在泥石流沟谷的特点,在野外工作的基础上,分析其易发程度和发展趋势,计算其容重、流速、流量和冲击力等特征参数,对该类潜在泥石流沟谷的调查和防治具有一定实际意义。
The landslide and alluvium accumulation during the "5.12" Earthquake offered abundant material as source of debris flow,which threatened the safety of traffic,civilian buildings,people's life and property,and became the great hidden danger to the rebuilding work in earthquake-stricken area.This paper takes Longxing Gully for instance,discusses the investigation and prevention method to the potential debris flow disaster.Longxing Gully,shaped like a leave with many branch gullies,belongs to the alpine gorgegeomorphology,at the main gully there didn't outbreak any debris,but there are as many as nine branch gullies,where the debris flow has been occurred.This paper considers the characteristics of potential debris flow,analyses its vulnerability and trend based on fieldwork and calculates the density,velocity,discharge and impulsive force of debris flow,and suggests preventive measures,which have great importance for prevention of potential debris flow.
The landslide and alluvium accumulation during the "5.12" Earthquake offered abundant material as source of debris flow,which threatened the safety of traffic,civilian buildings,people's life and property,and became the great hidden danger to the rebuilding work in earthquake-stricken area.This paper takes Longxing Gully for instance,discusses the investigation and prevention method to the potential debris flow disaster.Longxing Gully,shaped like a leave with many branch gullies,belongs to the alpine gorgegeomorphology,at the main gully there didn't outbreak any debris,but there are as many as nine branch gullies,where the debris flow has been occurred.This paper considers the characteristics of potential debris flow,analyses its vulnerability and trend based on fieldwork and calculates the density,velocity,discharge and impulsive force of debris flow,and suggests preventive measures,which have great importance for prevention of potential debris flow.
引文
[1]R Fell&D Hartford.Landslide risk management[A].Landslide Risk Assessment[C].1997:51-109.
[2]Beauty C.B.Debris Flow,Alluvial fans,and a Revital-lied Catastrophism[J].Zeitschrftrur Geomorphologie,1974,21(Supp.):39-51.
[3]吴积善,田连权,康志成,等,泥石流及其综合治理[M].北京科学出版社,1993.(Wu Jishan,Tian Lian-quan,Kang Zhicheng,et al.Debris flow and compre-hensive treatment[M],Beijing Science Press,1993.(in Chinese))
[4]唐邦兴.中国泥石流[M].北京:商务印书馆,2000.(Tang Xingbang,Debris Flow of China[M],Beijing:Commercial Press,2000.(in Chinese))
[5]谭炳炎,靳番,荆绍华.泥石流沟的判别方法和数量化综合评判[A]//泥石流防治理论和实践[C].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1991:45-71.(Tan Binyan,Jin Pan,Jing Shaohua,Discrimination and comprehen-sive evaluation of Debris flow[A]//Theory and practiceof debris flow prevention[C].Xi’an:Xi’an JiaotongUniversity Press,1991:45-71.(in Chinese))
[6]余斌.稀性泥石流的平均运动速度研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2009,29(5):541-548.(Yu Bin.Studyon mean velocity of thin viscous debris flows[J].Jour-nal of Disaster Prevention and Mtigation Engineering,2009,29(5):541-548.(in Chinese))
[7]昊积善.泥石流流态及流速计算[C].中国科学院成都地理研究所,泥石流论文集(1).重庆:科学技术文献出版社重庆分社.1981:79-86.(Wu Jishan.Veloci-ty calculation and flow pattern of debris flow[C].Insti-tute of Geography,CAS,Debris flow memoir(1).Chongqing:Chongqing Branch of Scientific and Techni-cal Literature Press,1981:79-86.(in Chinese))
[8]刘雷激,魏华.泥石流冲击力研究[J].四川联合大学学报(工程科学版).1997,1(2):99-102.(Liu Leiji,Wei Hua,Research on debris flow impact force[J],Journal of Sichuan United University(Engineering Sci-ence Edition).1997,1(2):99-102.(in Chinese))
[9]Takahashi T.Debris Flow[M].Rotterdam:A.A.Ralkema.1991.
[10]唐晓春,刘会平,唐川.云南省泥石流防治模式研究[J].自然灾害学报,2001,10(4):94-99.(Tang Xiao-chun,Liu Huiping,Tang Chuan,Study on debris flowcontrol model in Yunnan Province[J].Chinese Journalof Natural Disasters,2001,10(4):94-99.(in Chi-nese))
[2]Beauty C.B.Debris Flow,Alluvial fans,and a Revital-lied Catastrophism[J].Zeitschrftrur Geomorphologie,1974,21(Supp.):39-51.
[3]吴积善,田连权,康志成,等,泥石流及其综合治理[M].北京科学出版社,1993.(Wu Jishan,Tian Lian-quan,Kang Zhicheng,et al.Debris flow and compre-hensive treatment[M],Beijing Science Press,1993.(in Chinese))
[4]唐邦兴.中国泥石流[M].北京:商务印书馆,2000.(Tang Xingbang,Debris Flow of China[M],Beijing:Commercial Press,2000.(in Chinese))
[5]谭炳炎,靳番,荆绍华.泥石流沟的判别方法和数量化综合评判[A]//泥石流防治理论和实践[C].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1991:45-71.(Tan Binyan,Jin Pan,Jing Shaohua,Discrimination and comprehen-sive evaluation of Debris flow[A]//Theory and practiceof debris flow prevention[C].Xi’an:Xi’an JiaotongUniversity Press,1991:45-71.(in Chinese))
[6]余斌.稀性泥石流的平均运动速度研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2009,29(5):541-548.(Yu Bin.Studyon mean velocity of thin viscous debris flows[J].Jour-nal of Disaster Prevention and Mtigation Engineering,2009,29(5):541-548.(in Chinese))
[7]昊积善.泥石流流态及流速计算[C].中国科学院成都地理研究所,泥石流论文集(1).重庆:科学技术文献出版社重庆分社.1981:79-86.(Wu Jishan.Veloci-ty calculation and flow pattern of debris flow[C].Insti-tute of Geography,CAS,Debris flow memoir(1).Chongqing:Chongqing Branch of Scientific and Techni-cal Literature Press,1981:79-86.(in Chinese))
[8]刘雷激,魏华.泥石流冲击力研究[J].四川联合大学学报(工程科学版).1997,1(2):99-102.(Liu Leiji,Wei Hua,Research on debris flow impact force[J],Journal of Sichuan United University(Engineering Sci-ence Edition).1997,1(2):99-102.(in Chinese))
[9]Takahashi T.Debris Flow[M].Rotterdam:A.A.Ralkema.1991.
[10]唐晓春,刘会平,唐川.云南省泥石流防治模式研究[J].自然灾害学报,2001,10(4):94-99.(Tang Xiao-chun,Liu Huiping,Tang Chuan,Study on debris flowcontrol model in Yunnan Province[J].Chinese Journalof Natural Disasters,2001,10(4):94-99.(in Chi-nese))
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