玉树地震滑坡分布调查及其特征与形成机制
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摘要
2010年4月14日青海省玉树县发生了MS7.1地震。文中基于现场考察与遥感影像目视解译的方法,对玉树地震滑坡进行分析,并制作了玉树地震滑坡空间分布图。结果表明,该地震触发了约2036处滑坡灾害,总面积约1.194km2;地震滑坡分布受主地表破裂控制作用强烈;滑坡类型多样,但以崩塌型滑坡为主;滑坡有5种成因机制:人工开挖坡脚型、地表水入渗致坡体震动滑动型、断裂错断震动型、震动型、后期冰雪融化或降雨入渗型;除地震主地表破裂外,还有许多坡体裂缝,主要分布在主地表破裂带SE端的SW盘,该部位在地震中受到了强烈的挤压作用。
On April 14,2010 at 07:49(Beijing time),a catastrophic earthquake with MS 7.1 struck Yushu County,Qinghai Province,China.About 2036 landslides,covering an area of about 1.194km2,were interpreted from aerial photographs and remote sensing imageries and verified by field check.And based on the above,the spatial distribution of the Yushu earthquake triggered landslides is presented in this paper.The distribution of the landslides was strongly dominated by main surface ruptures,and their types are varied,with the collapse-type landslide as the dominant.There are five genetic mechanisms of Yushu earthquake triggered landslides,they are:the slope-toe excavation type,the surface water infiltration induced slope slip type,the fault dislocation type,the shaking type,and postquake snow melting and rainfall penetration type.Besides the main seismic surface ruptures,there are many slope fissures developed mainly on the SE end of the surface rupture zone on the SW wall,an area undergoing intensive compression in the earthquake.
On April 14,2010 at 07:49(Beijing time),a catastrophic earthquake with MS 7.1 struck Yushu County,Qinghai Province,China.About 2036 landslides,covering an area of about 1.194km2,were interpreted from aerial photographs and remote sensing imageries and verified by field check.And based on the above,the spatial distribution of the Yushu earthquake triggered landslides is presented in this paper.The distribution of the landslides was strongly dominated by main surface ruptures,and their types are varied,with the collapse-type landslide as the dominant.There are five genetic mechanisms of Yushu earthquake triggered landslides,they are:the slope-toe excavation type,the surface water infiltration induced slope slip type,the fault dislocation type,the shaking type,and postquake snow melting and rainfall penetration type.Besides the main seismic surface ruptures,there are many slope fissures developed mainly on the SE end of the surface rupture zone on the SW wall,an area undergoing intensive compression in the earthquake.
引文
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DAI Fu-chu,Xu Chong,YAO Xin,et al.2011.Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the2008MS8.0Wenchuanearthquake,China[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,40(4):883—895.
陈立春,王虎,冉勇康,等.2010.玉树MS7.1级地震地表破裂与历史大地震[J].科学通报,55(13):1200—1205.CHEN Li-chun,WANG Hu,RAN Yong-kang,et al.2010.The MS7.1Yushu earthquake surface rupture and largehistorical earthquakes on the Garze-Yushu Fault[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,55(13):1200—1205(in Chinese).
四川省气象局.2008.“5.12”四川汶川大地震重灾区降水气候特征[R].http:∥www.scqx.gov.cn/qxkp/qxkj/2008090515400077.html.Meteorological Bureau of Sichuan Province.2008.Rainfall climatic characteristics in the most stricken area in the“5.12”Wenchuan big earthquake in Sichuan Province[R].http:∥www.scqx.gov.cn/qxkp/qxkj/2008090515400077.html(in Chinese).
许冲,戴福初,陈剑,等.2009a.汶川MS8.0地震重灾区次生地质灾害遥感精细解译[J].遥感学报,13(4):745—762.XU Chong,DAI Fu-chu,CHEN Jian,et al.2009a.Identification and analysis of secondary geological hazards triggeredby the magnitude8.0Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,13(4):745—762(in Chinese).
许冲,戴福初,姚鑫.2009b.汶川地震诱发滑坡灾害数量与面积[J].科技导报,27(11):79—81.XU Chong,DAI Fu-chu,YAO Xin.2009b.Incidence number and affected area of Wenchuan earthquake-inducedlandslides[J].Science&Technology Review,27(11):79—81(in Chinese).
许冲,戴福初,徐锡伟.2010.汶川地震滑坡灾害研究综述[J].地质论评,56(6):860—874.XU Chong,DAI Fu-chu,XU Xi-wei.2010.Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslides:An overview[J].GeologicalReview,56(6):860—874(in Chinese).
殷跃平.2008.汶川八级地震地质灾害研究[J].工程地质学报,16(4):433—444.YIN Yue-ping.2008.Research on the geo-hazards triggered by Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan[J].Journal ofEngineering Geology,16(4):433—444(in Chinese).
殷跃平,张永双,马寅生,等.2010a.青海玉树MS7.1级地震地质灾害主要特征[J].工程地质学报,18(3):289—296.YIN Yue-ping,ZHANG Yong-shuang,MA Yin-sheng,et al.2010a.Research on major characteristics of geohazardsinduced by the Yushu MS7.1earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,18(3):289—296(in Chinese).
殷跃平,田廷山,李文渊,等.2010b.青海玉树地震地质灾害调查[R].http:∥www.gcdz.org/CN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=8550(in Chinese).YIN Yue-ping,TIAN Ting-shan,LI Wen-yuan,et al.2010b.Investigation on Yushu earthquake triggered geologicalhazards[R].http:∥www.gcdz.org/CN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=8550(inChinese).
中国地震局地质研究所.2010.玉树7.1级地震断层地表破裂带和地质灾害调查报告[R].http:∥www.eq-igl.ac.cn/html/8a834a81158a15aa01158a1bbbd40003/_content/10_04/26/1272249728202.html(in Chinese).Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration.2010.Investigation report of surface ruptures and geologicalhazards triggered by Yushu MS7.1Earthquake[R].http:∥www.eq-igl.ac.cn/html/8a834a81158a15aa01158a1bbbd40003/_content/10_04/26/1272249728202.html(in Chinese).
DAI Fu-chu,Xu Chong,YAO Xin,et al.2011.Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the2008MS8.0Wenchuanearthquake,China[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,40(4):883—895.
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