盆地构造地震地面运动速度和加速度分布特征的数值模拟
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摘要
本文用错格实数傅里叶变换的拟谱法的数值模拟方法分析了地震波在冲积扇、盆地等不均匀地震构造体区域的传播过程和地面运动分布.结果表明,地震波由岩石区进入盆地结构后,在盆地内上下多次反射振荡,对地面建筑物可能形成多次连续的振动和破坏,仅有极少量地震波能量返回岩石区域中,这是防灾研究中值得注意的地面运动特征;地震波在盆地边界地质构造条件下,形成的地震波体波与次生面波动的叠加干涉形成了大振幅的地面运动,它可能导致建筑物的极大破坏;破坏峰值的空间位置可能远离岩石和盆地沉积层的边界或者地震断层的位置.
In present analysis distributions of seismic wave propagation and amplitude related to basin structure and alluvial fan in heterogeneous medium are digitally simulated by using the pseudospectral method with the staggered grid RFFT differentiation. The results show that the seismic energy transmitting into sediments in the basin from the bedrock region can not penetrate the bottom of basin back into the bedrock region. The seismic waves oscillating up_down within the basin may result in large damages for buildings above the basin structure. It is a notable characteristic for the aseismic research and engineering. Interferences due to the secondary surface wave from the bedrock to sedimentary basin and the upward body wave probably result in peak ground accelerations and peak collapse ratios of buildings away from the earthquake fault. Analyses of the interference process show that seismic velocity structure and geologic structure strongly influence the distribution of the maximum amplitudes of acceleration and velocity waveforms.
In present analysis distributions of seismic wave propagation and amplitude related to basin structure and alluvial fan in heterogeneous medium are digitally simulated by using the pseudospectral method with the staggered grid RFFT differentiation. The results show that the seismic energy transmitting into sediments in the basin from the bedrock region can not penetrate the bottom of basin back into the bedrock region. The seismic waves oscillating up_down within the basin may result in large damages for buildings above the basin structure. It is a notable characteristic for the aseismic research and engineering. Interferences due to the secondary surface wave from the bedrock to sedimentary basin and the upward body wave probably result in peak ground accelerations and peak collapse ratios of buildings away from the earthquake fault. Analyses of the interference process show that seismic velocity structure and geologic structure strongly influence the distribution of the maximum amplitudes of acceleration and velocity waveforms.
引文
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[19]Zhaozhixin,XuJiren,HoriuchiS.StaggeredgridrealvalueFFT differentiationoperatoranditsapplicationforwavepropagation simulationinheterogeneousmedium.ChineseJ.Geophys.,2003,46(2):324～333
[20]赵志新,徐纪人,久保田隆二.地震地面运动数值模拟中的土层增幅和波的多重干涉效应.科学通报,2004,49(20):2104～2112ZhaoZX,XuJR,KubotaR.Effectsforsoilamplificationratios andseismicwavemultipleinterferencesinthegroundmotion simulations.ChineseScienceBulletin(inChinese),2004,49(20):2104～2112
[21]赵志新,徐纪人.中国大陆科学钻探孔区反射地震剖面的数值模拟与分析.岩石学报,2004,20(1):127～136ZhaoZX,XuJR.Simulationsforreflectionseismicprofileof boreholeareaofChineseContinentalScientificDrilling.Acta PetrologicaSinica(inChinese),2004,20(1):127～136
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[24]BoatwrightK.Correlationofgroundmotionandtheintensityforthe17January,1994Northridge,CaliforniaEarthquake.BSSA,2001,91:739～752
[2]FurumuraT,KennettBLN,TakenakaH.Parallel3_D pseudospectralsimulationofseismicwavepropagation.Geophysics,1998,63:279～28
[3]PitarkaA,IrikuraK,IwataT,etal.Three_dimensionalsimulation ofthenear_faultgroundmotionforthe1995Hyogo_kenNanbu(Kobe),Japan,earthquake.BSSA,1998,88:428～440
[4]赵志新,徐纪人,堀内茂木.错格实数傅里叶微分算子及其在非均匀介质波动传播研究中的应用.地球物理学报,2003,46(2):234～240ZhaoZX,XuJR,HoriuchiS.StaggeredgridrealvalueFFT differentiationoperatoranditsapplicationforwavepropagation simulationinheterogeneousmedium.ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,46(2):234～240
[5]ZhaoZhixin,XuJiren,HoriuchiH.Differentiationoperationinthe waveequationforthepseudospectralmethodwithastaggeredmesh.EarthPlanetsSpace,2001,53:327～332
[6]HolzerTL,YoudTL,HanksTC.Dynamicsofliqueficationduring1987SuperstitionHills,Californiaearthquake.Science,1989,244:56～59
[7]ZhaoZhixin,KubotaR,SuzukiF,etal.Crustalstructureinthe SouthernKanto_Tokairegionderivedfromtomographicmethodfor seismicexplosionsurvey.JournalofPhysicsoftheEarth,1997,45:433～453
[8]赵志新,徐纪人,久保田隆二等.1995年日本神户地震建筑物倒塌与S波和盆地边缘次生面波干涉的研究.科学通报,2003,48(24):2566～2571ZhaoZX,XuJR,KubotaR,etal.Collapseratiosofbuildingsdue tothe1995KobeearthquakeandinterferencebetweenS_waveandthe secondsurfacewaveatbasinedge.ChineseScienceBulletin(in Chinese),2003,48(24):2566～2571
[9]ZhaoZhixin,XuJiren,KubotaR,etal.Collapseratiosofbuildings duetothe1995KobeearthquakeandinterferencebetweenS_wave andthesecondsurfacewaveatbasinedge.ChineseScienceBulletin,2004,49(1):189～195
[10]IrikuraK.Causativefault,stronggroundmotionanddamagesfrom the1995HyogokenNanbuearthquake.Butsuri_Tansa,1995,48:463～489
[11]FukushimaY,TanakaT.Anewattenuationrelationforpeak horizontalaccelerationofstrongearthquakegroundmotioninJapan.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1990,80:757～783
[12]HaoXS,SeoK,SamanoT.Lowdamageanomalyofthe1976Tangshanearthquake:Ananalysisbasedontheexplosionground motions.BSSA,1994,84(4):1081～1027
[13]ZhaoZhixin,XuJiren.Basingeologicalstructureandthesimulations formechanismofseismicdisaster.ActaGeologicaSinica,2004,78(4):954～959
[14]ZhaoZhixin,XuJiren,KubotaR.Effectsforsoilamplificationratios andseismicwavemultipleinterferencesinthegroundmotion simulations:ChineseScienceBulletin,2004,49(22):2405～2410
[15]KosloffR,BaysalE.ForwardmodelingbyaFouriermethod.Geophysics,1982,42:1402～1412
[16]OzdenvarT,McMechanG.A.Causesandreductionofnumerical artefactsinpseudo_spectralwavefieldextrapolation.Geophys.J.Int.,1996,126:819～828
[17]FornbergB.Thepseudospectralmethod:Comparisonswithfinite differencefortheelasticwaveequation.Geophysics,1987,52:483～501
[18]WangYanbin,TakenakaH,FurumuraT.Modellingseismicwave propagationina2_Dcylindricalwholeearthmodelusingthe pseudospectralmethod.Geophys.J.Int.,2001,145:689～708
[19]Zhaozhixin,XuJiren,HoriuchiS.StaggeredgridrealvalueFFT differentiationoperatoranditsapplicationforwavepropagation simulationinheterogeneousmedium.ChineseJ.Geophys.,2003,46(2):324～333
[20]赵志新,徐纪人,久保田隆二.地震地面运动数值模拟中的土层增幅和波的多重干涉效应.科学通报,2004,49(20):2104～2112ZhaoZX,XuJR,KubotaR.Effectsforsoilamplificationratios andseismicwavemultipleinterferencesinthegroundmotion simulations.ChineseScienceBulletin(inChinese),2004,49(20):2104～2112
[21]赵志新,徐纪人.中国大陆科学钻探孔区反射地震剖面的数值模拟与分析.岩石学报,2004,20(1):127～136ZhaoZX,XuJR.Simulationsforreflectionseismicprofileof boreholeareaofChineseContinentalScientificDrilling.Acta PetrologicaSinica(inChinese),2004,20(1):127～136
[22]胡聿贤.地震工程学.北京:地震出版社,1988.150～173HuLX.EngineeringSeismology(inChinese).Beijing:SeismologicalPress,1988.150～173
[23]石川浩次,口昭二,大鹿明文.兵南部地震の神の地と被害状查,应用地质,1995,36(1):62～80IshikawaK,MizoguchiS,OshikaA.GeologyinKobeareaand investigationofthedisasteronthe1995southHyogogreat earthquake.JournaloftheJapanSocietyofEngineeringGeology,1995,36(1):62～80
[24]BoatwrightK.Correlationofgroundmotionandtheintensityforthe17January,1994Northridge,CaliforniaEarthquake.BSSA,2001,91:739～752
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