滑动构造的高分辨率地震法探测效果
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摘要
滑动构造总是在较软弱的地层中形成。滑动面的形成,破坏了地层原有的结构,使得附近岩石破碎,导致其与周围岩层有明显的波阻抗差异,具备了地震反射波探测滑动面的地球物理前提。河南豫西某勘查区,黄土层较厚且无潜水位,煤层反射波能量较弱,滑动面反射波的能量更弱,为此,采用大药量激发(3kg)、井深16～30m、高复盖次数(30～45次)等施工参数,保证了野外原始数据的采集质量。针对原始资料干优强及地形变化大的特点,资料处理采取了以提高信噪比为主的措施。勘探结果表明,该区的滑动面在煤层之上,滑动面以上,地层结构严重破坏。
The gliding tectonics is always formed in rather soft strata.The formation of gliding plane will destruct original strata structures and make near by rocks fell into pieces,obviously resulted in its acoustic impedance different from peripheral strata,thus provides geophysical prerequisite of seismic reflection slip surface detection.In a western Henan exploration area with thick loess layer and no groundwater level caused weaker coal seam reflection energy and further weaker slip surface reflection energy.For this reason,large charge shot(3kg),deep borehole(16~30m) and high stacking fold(30~45 times) operation parameters have adopted and quality of field basic data acquisition ensured.In allusion to characteristics of basic data stronger disturbance and larger topographic change,measures of data processing mainly to improve S/N ratio adopted.The exploration results demonstrated that the slip surface in the area is above coal seams,strata structures above slip surface have been seriously destructed.
The gliding tectonics is always formed in rather soft strata.The formation of gliding plane will destruct original strata structures and make near by rocks fell into pieces,obviously resulted in its acoustic impedance different from peripheral strata,thus provides geophysical prerequisite of seismic reflection slip surface detection.In a western Henan exploration area with thick loess layer and no groundwater level caused weaker coal seam reflection energy and further weaker slip surface reflection energy.For this reason,large charge shot(3kg),deep borehole(16~30m) and high stacking fold(30~45 times) operation parameters have adopted and quality of field basic data acquisition ensured.In allusion to characteristics of basic data stronger disturbance and larger topographic change,measures of data processing mainly to improve S/N ratio adopted.The exploration results demonstrated that the slip surface in the area is above coal seams,strata structures above slip surface have been seriously destructed.
引文
[1]马杏垣,索书田.论滑覆及岩石圈多层次滑脱构造[J].地质学报,1984,(1):205-213.
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[2]王文杰,王信.中国东部煤田推覆、滑脱构造与成煤研究[M].江苏徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1993.
[3]王桂梁.重力滑动构造的鉴别[J].煤田地质与勘探,1985,(6):1-7.
[4]唐建益,方正.煤矿采区实用地震勘探技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1998.
[5]阎世信.山地地球物理勘探技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000.
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