河道砂体叠前地震属性的优化与应用——以哈萨克斯坦南图尔盖盆地为例
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摘要
哈萨克斯坦南图尔盖盆地侏罗系岩性圈闭较为发育,河道多期次发育、砂体较为孤立且连续性差,勘探处于高成熟阶段,目前主要利用叠后地震资料进行河道识别但效果不佳。为此,对河道砂体叠前道集特征进行了分析,采用子波拉伸校正、品质因子Q补偿、特定角度叠加等措施,改善了河道的成像效果,优化出了能更清晰地反映河道特征的叠前地震属性。借助地层切片技术,结合盆地的基本地质情况,精细地刻画出了工区内河道的空间展布特征。结论认为:1研究区的物源是来自西北方向的;2J3ak组内3个四级层序中至少发育5期河道;其中SQ8-2层序内至少发育3期,代表着河道发育最广泛、发育最强烈的时期,沉积过程的继承性特征明显;3早期的SQ8-1层序充填以湖盆被河流填平补齐为特点,晚期的SQ8-3层序充填范围缩小,反映了水体范围缩小的过程。
The Jurassic lithologic traps are well developed in the South Turgay Basin,Kazakhstan.The river channels are developed in multiple stages in this basin and the sandbodies are isolated and poor in continuity.Their exploration has entered a highly-mature stage.Post-stack seismic data are mainly used to map the channel sandbodies at present,but the effects are not satisfactory.Based on the thorough analysis of the characteristics of pre-stack gathers of channel sandbodies,various approaches including wavelet stretch correction,quality factor Qcompensation and partly angle stack were used to improve the imaging quality of the channel sandbodies and optimize pre-stack seismic attributes which can better reveal the characteristics of channel sandbodies.Stratigraphic slice and the basic geologic characteristics of the basin were integrated to map the spatial distribution of the channels in the study area.The following conclusions were obtained.(1)The provenience was located to the northwest.(2)Channel sands of at least five stages occurred in the three fourth-order sequences in J3 ak.Among these five-stage channel sands,at least three stages were developed in the SQ8-2.During these stages,channel sand development was the most extensive and strongest and the inheritance feature was also very prominent.(3)The early SQ8-1sequence is characterized by the filling of channel deposits in a lake basin,while the late SQ8-3sequence is smaller in scale,revealing the shrinkage of water volume.
The Jurassic lithologic traps are well developed in the South Turgay Basin,Kazakhstan.The river channels are developed in multiple stages in this basin and the sandbodies are isolated and poor in continuity.Their exploration has entered a highly-mature stage.Post-stack seismic data are mainly used to map the channel sandbodies at present,but the effects are not satisfactory.Based on the thorough analysis of the characteristics of pre-stack gathers of channel sandbodies,various approaches including wavelet stretch correction,quality factor Qcompensation and partly angle stack were used to improve the imaging quality of the channel sandbodies and optimize pre-stack seismic attributes which can better reveal the characteristics of channel sandbodies.Stratigraphic slice and the basic geologic characteristics of the basin were integrated to map the spatial distribution of the channels in the study area.The following conclusions were obtained.(1)The provenience was located to the northwest.(2)Channel sands of at least five stages occurred in the three fourth-order sequences in J3 ak.Among these five-stage channel sands,at least three stages were developed in the SQ8-2.During these stages,channel sand development was the most extensive and strongest and the inheritance feature was also very prominent.(3)The early SQ8-1sequence is characterized by the filling of channel deposits in a lake basin,while the late SQ8-3sequence is smaller in scale,revealing the shrinkage of water volume.
引文
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[10]毛治国,樊太亮,凌宗发,等.高精度层序地层格架内的地震沉积学应用——以哈萨克斯坦南图尔盖盆地A区为例[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2010,41(6):2296-2302.MAO Zhiguo,FAN Tailiang,LING Zongfa,et al.Application of seismic sedimentology high-resolution sequence stratigraphic frameworks:Taking block A of South Turgay Basin,Kazakstan,as an example[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2010,41(6):2296-2302.
[11]黄文锋,李宏兵,姚逢昌.子波拉伸校正[J].地球物理学进展,2011,25(5):1642-1651.HUANG Wenfeng,LI Hongbing,YAO Fengchang.Wavelet stretch correction[J].Progress in Geophysics,2011,25(5):1642-1651.
[12]郝召兵,秦静欣,伍向阳.地震波品质因子Q研究进展综述[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(2):375-381.HAO Zhaobing,QIN Jingxin,WU Xiangyang.Overview of research on the seismic wave quality factor(Q)[J].Progress in Geophysics,2009,24(2):375-381.
[13]ZENG H L,HENTZ T F.High frequency sequence stratigraphy from seismic sedimentology:Applied to Miocene,Vermilion Block 5,Tiger Shoal Area,Offshore Louisiana[J].AAPG Bulletin,2004,88(2):153-174.
[2]洪忠,苏明军,刘化清,等.复杂岩性地区岩性识别与储层预测[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2012,34(6):38-46.HONG Zhong,SU Mingjun,LIU Huaqing,et al.Lithologies recognition and reservoir prediction in complex lithologies area[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science&Technology Edition,2012,34(6):38-46.
[3]孙月成,马光克,隋波,等.扩展的弹性阻抗及其在储层预测中的应用[J].天然气工业,2013,33(3):28-32.SUN Yuecheng,MA Guangke,SUI Bo,et al.An extended elastic impedance(EEI)method and its application to reservoir mapping[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(3):28-32.
[4]陈恭洋,陈玲,朱洁琼,等.地震属性分析在河流相储层预测中的应用[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2012,34(3):1-8.CHEN Gongyang,CHEN Ling,ZHU Jieqiong,et al.Application of seismic attributes analysis fluvial reservoir to prediction[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science&Technology Edition,2012,34(3):1-8.
[5]蔡涵鹏,贺振华,何光明,等.基于岩石物理模型和叠前弹性参数反演的孔隙度计算[J].天然气工业,2013,33(9):48-52.CAI Hanpeng,HE Zhenhua,HE Guangming,et al.Porosity estimation based on petrophysical model and prestack elastic inversion[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(9):48-52.
[6]YIN Wei,FAN Zifei,ZHENG Junzhang.Characteristics of strike-slip inversion structures of the Karatau Fault and their petroleum geological significances in the South Turgay Basin,Kazakhstan[J].Petroleum Science,2012(9):444-454.
[7]孔祥宇,殷进垠,张发强.哈萨克斯坦南图尔盖盆地油气地质特征及勘探潜力分析[J].岩性油气藏,2007,19(3):49-53.KONG Xiangyu,YIN Jinyin,ZHANG Faqiang.Oil-gas geological features and its exploration potential in South Turgay Basin,Kazakhstan[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2007,19(3):49-53.
[8]周海燕,胡见义,郑俊章.南图尔盖盆地储层成岩作用及孔隙演化[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2008,27(6):547-557.ZHOU Haiyan,HU Jianyi,ZHENG Junzhang.Diagenesis and pore evolution of reservoirs in South Turgai Basin[J].Acta Petrologica Et Mineralogica,2008,27(6):547-557.
[9]尹微,张明军,孔令洪.哈萨克斯坦南土尔盖盆地A区块岩性油气藏[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,38(5):570-575.YIN Wei,ZHANG Mingjun,KONG Linghong.Lithologic reservoirs in Block a in the South Turgay Basin,Kazakhstan[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development.2010,38(5):570-575.
[10]毛治国,樊太亮,凌宗发,等.高精度层序地层格架内的地震沉积学应用——以哈萨克斯坦南图尔盖盆地A区为例[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2010,41(6):2296-2302.MAO Zhiguo,FAN Tailiang,LING Zongfa,et al.Application of seismic sedimentology high-resolution sequence stratigraphic frameworks:Taking block A of South Turgay Basin,Kazakstan,as an example[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2010,41(6):2296-2302.
[11]黄文锋,李宏兵,姚逢昌.子波拉伸校正[J].地球物理学进展,2011,25(5):1642-1651.HUANG Wenfeng,LI Hongbing,YAO Fengchang.Wavelet stretch correction[J].Progress in Geophysics,2011,25(5):1642-1651.
[12]郝召兵,秦静欣,伍向阳.地震波品质因子Q研究进展综述[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(2):375-381.HAO Zhaobing,QIN Jingxin,WU Xiangyang.Overview of research on the seismic wave quality factor(Q)[J].Progress in Geophysics,2009,24(2):375-381.
[13]ZENG H L,HENTZ T F.High frequency sequence stratigraphy from seismic sedimentology:Applied to Miocene,Vermilion Block 5,Tiger Shoal Area,Offshore Louisiana[J].AAPG Bulletin,2004,88(2):153-174.
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