重新认识地震组合检波的作用
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摘要
在柴达木盆地采集的地震数据中折射波、面波、侧面波等干扰波特别发育,采用组合检波方法对干扰波进行压制取得了较好的效果,因此有必要重新认识地震组合检波的作用。文中结合柴达木盆地A工区组合检波实例介绍了一种基于组合检波方法的F-K滤波和CMP面元平均组合效应分析方法,得出以下主要认识:①基于组合检波方法的反F-K滤波方法可以很方便地模拟不同组合图形、不同组合基距、不同组合方向的组合检波地震记录,为选取合适的组合方式提供了依据;②三维地震观测时不同的观测系统、不同的组合检波方式具有不同的CMP组合平均效应,因此不同的三维地震观测系统应采用不同的组合方式,并根据CMP面元方位角和接收道数分布统计结果设计组合方式;③在干扰强烈的地区,应适当加大组合点数和组内距,尽可能地压制干扰,以提高野外地震资料的信噪比。
The development of such interference waves as refraction,surface wave and sideswipe is very severe in the seismic data acquired in Qaidam hasin,and using receiver array for depression of interference waves achieved good effects.For that reason,it is necessary to understand the role of seismic array for wave receiving again.In comparison with the case of receiver array in A work zone of Qaidam basin,the paper introduced an analytic method using F-K filtering and average array effect of CMP bins based on receiver array and concluded following knowledge:①the receiver array-based anti F-K filtering method can conveniently simulate the seismic records of receiver array with different patterns,array length and directions,providing the foundation for selecting appropriate array pattern;②the different geometry and array patterns have different CMP average array effect in 3D seismic survey,so,it should use different array patterns in different 3-D seismic geometry,and design of array pattern should be carried out by CMP bin azimuths and statistic results of receiver distribution;③in the area of strong interference,in order to improve the S/N ratio of seismic data,it should increase the number of receivers and geophone interval appropriately to depress interference as far as possible.
The development of such interference waves as refraction,surface wave and sideswipe is very severe in the seismic data acquired in Qaidam hasin,and using receiver array for depression of interference waves achieved good effects.For that reason,it is necessary to understand the role of seismic array for wave receiving again.In comparison with the case of receiver array in A work zone of Qaidam basin,the paper introduced an analytic method using F-K filtering and average array effect of CMP bins based on receiver array and concluded following knowledge:①the receiver array-based anti F-K filtering method can conveniently simulate the seismic records of receiver array with different patterns,array length and directions,providing the foundation for selecting appropriate array pattern;②the different geometry and array patterns have different CMP average array effect in 3D seismic survey,so,it should use different array patterns in different 3-D seismic geometry,and design of array pattern should be carried out by CMP bin azimuths and statistic results of receiver distribution;③in the area of strong interference,in order to improve the S/N ratio of seismic data,it should increase the number of receivers and geophone interval appropriately to depress interference as far as possible.
引文
[1]吕公河．高精度地震勘探采集技术探讨．石油地球物理勘探，2005，40(3)：261～266
[2]Andreas Cordsen等著，俞寿朋等译．陆上三维地震勘探的设计与施工．石油地球物理勘探局，1996，112～116
[3]李庆忠．走向精确勘探的道路——高分辨地震勘探系统工程剖析．北京：石油工业出版社，1994，45～61
[4]裴正林等．无组合检波采集方法的三维地震波数值模拟研究．石油地球物理勘探，2005，40(2)：138～142
[5]齐中山等．塔里木盆地塔中地区地震资料采集方法探讨．河南石油，2005，1
[6]傅朝奎等．利用联合组合效应提高地震资料的信噪比和分辨率．石油地球物理勘探，2000，35(2)：236～243
[7]长春地院、成都地院、武汉地院合编．地震勘探原理与方法．北京：地质出版社，1981
[2]Andreas Cordsen等著，俞寿朋等译．陆上三维地震勘探的设计与施工．石油地球物理勘探局，1996，112～116
[3]李庆忠．走向精确勘探的道路——高分辨地震勘探系统工程剖析．北京：石油工业出版社，1994，45～61
[4]裴正林等．无组合检波采集方法的三维地震波数值模拟研究．石油地球物理勘探，2005，40(2)：138～142
[5]齐中山等．塔里木盆地塔中地区地震资料采集方法探讨．河南石油，2005，1
[6]傅朝奎等．利用联合组合效应提高地震资料的信噪比和分辨率．石油地球物理勘探，2000，35(2)：236～243
[7]长春地院、成都地院、武汉地院合编．地震勘探原理与方法．北京：地质出版社，1981
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